SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE

11/05/23

Titration of the Vitamin C tablets

Aim: To know the average volume of iodine solution used and to know the
exact mass of the Vitamin C tablet.

Background Introduction:

When a substance reacts with oxygen or another oxidiser, an oxidation reaction

occurs. During this reaction, there is a loss of electrons and a gain of oxygen.
Reduction is the loss of oxygen, gain of electrons and gain of hydrogen during a
chemical reaction.

Redox occurs when both oxidation and reduction take place at the same time in a
displacement reaction.

A reducing agent is when a negative ion or metal reduces the other element by
donating electrons to an ion or another element. A reducing agent oxidises a
chemical reaction. During a redox reaction reducing agent reduces other compounds
and itself oxidises. The oxidising agent is when a particle or a substance removes
hydrogen or adds oxygen to a compound. Oxidation agent reduces a chemical
reaction. During a redox reaction, the oxidising agent oxidises other compounds and
it reduces.

Titration is a method that can use to determine its exact known concentration or its
mass when a compound or a substance is used in that reaction. An indicator is used
to know when a reaction has reached an endpoint by knowing its colour change. An
endpoint means when a reaction has reached a chemical change and it is no longer
continued.

In this titration, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and iodine solution (I2) reacting will make
dehydroascorbic acid and two iodide ions, this is an oxidation reaction because
ascorbic acid loses electrons and is oxidised to dehydroascorbic acid. The reduction
reaction occurs between iodine solution and iodide ions as iodine gains electrons and
is reduced to iodide ions.

Ascorbic acid is a reducing agent and Iodine solution is an oxidising agent as ascorbic
acid donates electrons to iodine solution and it is oxidised in the process. Iodine
solution is a reducing agent because it accepts electrons from ascorbic acid and is
reduced in the process.

Word equation for this experiment:

I2(aq) + C6H8O6 (s) ——> C6H6O6 (aq) + 2H+ + 2I-(aq)
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE
11/05/23

Equipment and Chemical list

 1 x Deionised water 200 ml

 2 x pipette
 1 x bulb pipette 25 ml
 1 x Burette 50 ml
 2 x Burette clamps
 1 x Burette stand
 3 x Beaker
 1 x red filler
 1 x Iodine solution 50 ml 0.025 molL-1
 1 x Bench coating paper
 1 x marker pen
 3 x Conical flasks 250 ml
 1 x Vitamin C tablet 1000mg
 12 x drops of 1% starch solution.
 1 x Glass filter funnel
 1 x white paper

Method:

1. Set up all the required equipment safely on a clean table and make sure
to follow every health and safety rule before starting any procedure.
2. Add the vitamin C tablet to a clean empty beaker and fill it up to 50 ml
with deionised water. And stir well until dissolved.
3. Pour the Vitamin C solution into the 250 ml volumetric flask using a
glass funnel. Pour deionised water and wash all the residue of the
vitamin C tablet on the glass funnel into the flask and fill it up to the
meniscus line.
4. Put the stopper on the volumetric flask and invert the solution 30 times
to make sure everything dissolved and mixed well.
5. Take the bulb pipette and rinse it with a little amount of vitamin C
solution to clean the pipette. And dispose of it in a sink.
6. Fill the bulb pipette with Vitamin C solution up to the meniscus line and
pour it into a conical flask (250 ml) and add 4 drops of the starch solution
using a plastic pipette.
7. Repeat 6. two times.
8. Set up the burette with the stand and the clamps. Pour a little amount
of the Iodine solution into the burette to rinse and to avoid any presence
of other substances.
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE
11/05/23

9. Fill the burette with an iodine solution of up to 50 ml. And note the
initial reading from the meniscus line.
10. Start the titration (rough titre) by pouring a little amount of the solution
into the conical flask with the Vitamin C solution. Make sure to swirl the
conical flask gently whilst pouring the solution.
11. When the colour changes from yellow to brown that means the reaction
has reached an endpoint and stop adding the iodine solution
immediately. Note the reading from the top of the burette.
12. Repeat 10. and 11. for titre 1 and titre 2. Repeat the titrations until
concordant results are obtained.
13. Clean the table and all the equipment used safely following every health
and safety rule.

Raw data/Results:

 The table shows the volume used in each of the titres for the Iodine
solution.

Titre Start Volume (ml) End Volume (ml) The final volume (start-end)
Rough 0 24.1 24.1
1 24.1 48 23.9
2 0 23.9 23.9

Calculations:

 Calculating the average volume of Iodine solution used.

Titre The final volume (ml)

1 23.9
2 23.9
Average ((1+2)/2) 23.9

 Calculating the moles of Iodine solution

n=cxv
= 0.025 x 0.0239
= 5.975x10-4 moles
 Calculating the exactly known mass of the Vitamin C solution
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE
11/05/23

m = n/gfm m = 0.10516 x 10
= 5.975x10 /176
-4
= 1.0516g
=0.10516g

Conclusion:

A chemical reaction occurred when reached an endpoint where the colour

changed from yellow to brown and the average volume of the iodine solution
used in this titration was known to be 0.0239 litres. The exact mass of the
vitamin C tablet in this titration was 1.0516g.

Evaluation:

 Use a sonic bath to ensure that the Vitamin C tablet is very well mixed
with deionised and there are no clumps or pieces left to get an accurate
concentration and volume in this titration.
 Practising the procedures required in this titration a few times to have a
good understanding of how things work to minimise any mistakes and
therefore, have a more dependable result.
 Using classified A equipment for this titration for the volumetric flask,
bulb-pipette and burette to make sure the volume used is accurate and
reliable.