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SANKALP
Biodiversity and Conservation and Environ. 05/04/2023

1. Joint Forest Management Concept was 7. Which of the following methods is the most
introduced in India during suitable for disposal of nuclear waste?
(1) 1980s (2) 1990s (1) Bury the waste within rocks deep below
(3) 1960s (4) 1970s earth’s surface
(2) Shoot the waste into space
2. Match the items given in column I with those in (3) Bury the waste under Antarctic ice-cover
column II and select the correct option given (4) Dump the waste within rocks under ocean
below.
Column I Column II 8. Polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified
A. Eutrophication i UV-B radiation plastic, has proved to be a good material for
B. Sanitary ii Deforestation (1) Making tubes and pipes
landfill (2) Making plastic sacks
C Snow iii Nutrient (3) Use as a fertiliser
blindness enrichment (4) Construction of roads
D Jhum iv Waste disposal
cultivation 9. High value of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen
Demand) indicates that
A B C D (1) Water is less polluted
(1) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (2) Consumption of organic matter in the water
(2) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) is higher by the microbes
(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (3) Water is pure
(4) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (4) Water is highly polluted

3. World Ozone Day is celebrated on 10. A river with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in
(1) 5th June organic waste may result in
(2) 21st April (1) An increased production of fish due to
(3) 16th September biodegradable nutrients
(4) 22nd April (2) Death of fish due to lack of oxygen
(3) Drying of the river very soon due to algal
4. Which of the following statements about ozone is bloom
correct? (4) Increased population of aquatic food web
(1) Tropospheric ozone protects us from UV organisms
radiations.
(2) Stratospheric ozone is ‘bad’. 11. A location with luxuriant growth of lichens on the
(3) Tropospheric ozone is ‘good’. trees indicates that the
(4) Stratospheric ozone protects us from UV (1) Trees are very healthy
radiations. (2) Trees are heavily infested
(3) Location is highly polluted
5. Montreal protocol was signed in 1987 for control
(4) Location is not polluted
of
(1) Transport of genetically modified organisms
from one country to another 12. Which of the following are most suitable
(2) Emission of ozone depleting substances indicators of SO2 pollution in the environment?
(3) Release of greenhouse gases (1) Algae (2) Fungi
(4) Disposal of e-wastes (3) Lichens (4) Conifers
6. The UN Conference of Parties on climate change
in the year 2012 was held at 13. Acid rain is caused by increase in the atmospheric
(1) Lima concentration of
(2) Warsaw (1) CO2 and CO (2) O3 and dust
(3) Durban (3) SO2 and NO2 (4) SO3 and CO
(4) Doha
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14. Which one of the following statements is not (2) International Union for Conservation of
valid for aerosols? Nature
(1) They alter rainfall and monsoon patterns. (3) Indian Union for Chemical Nomenclature
(2) They cause increased agricultural (4) International Union for Conservation of
productivity. Nutrients
(3) They have negative impact on agricultural
land. 23. The area where wild populations, traditional life
(4) They are harmful to human health. styles and genetic resources are protected is
called
15. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant? (1) Core zone
(1) CO (2) CO2 (2) Buffer zone
(3) SO2 (4) O3 (3) Biosphere reserve
(4) Manipulation zone
16. Which one is the most important human activity
leading to extinction of wildlife? 24. Which of the following is done in a wild life
(1) Alteration and destruction of the natural sanctuary?
habitats (1) Conservation of fauna
(2) Hunting for commercially valuable wildlife
(2) Conservation of flora
products.
(3) Pollution of air and water. (3) Utilization of soil and flora
(4) Introduction of alien species. (4) Prohibition of hunting

17. Which one of the following does not represent 25. Match the following and then choose the correct
biodiversity of a geographical region? option.
(i) Genetic diversity present is in the dominant
species of the region Column I Column II
(ii) Species endemic to the region A Endemism IKhasi and
(iii) Endangered species found in the region. Jaintia hills
(iv) The diversity in the organisms living in the Meghalaya
region B Hotspot of India II Advanced ex-
(1) (i) & (ii) (2) (iii) & (iv) situ
(3) (ii) only (4) (iv) only conservation
C Sacred groove III Species found in
18. Which of the following is not the example of a particular area
recent extinction only
(1) Steller’s sea cow D Cryopreservation IV Zoological park
(2) Dodo and Botanical
(3) Quagga gardens
(4) Pigeon
E Ex-situ V Western Ghats
19. Exotic species conservation
(1) Are often endangered.
(2) Usually increase biodiversity. (1) A – III, B – V, C – I, D – II, E – IV
(3) Often enhance the habitat for native species.
(2) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E– V
(4) Usually reduce biodiversity
(3) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – V, E – I
20. Which vertebrate group is more vulnerable to (4) A – V, B – I, C – IV, D – II, E – III
extinction?
(1) Birds (2) Amphibians 26. A threatened species category includes
(3) Mammals (4) Fishes (1) Only endangered species.
(2) Only vulnerable species.
21. Diversity of habitat over the total landscape is
(3) Endangered and rare species.
called
(1) β-diversity (4) Endangered, vulnerable and rare species
(2) γ-diversity (gamma)
(3) Landscape diversity
(4) Ecosystem diversity 27. Match the following and choose the correct
22. IUCN stands for option.
(1) Indian Union for Conservation of Nature
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Column I Column II 32. The following are examples of ex situ

A Over- I Environmental conservation except
exploitation damage by (1) Zoological parks
humans and (2) Botanical garden
threat to native (3) Wildlife safari parks
species (4) Biosphere reserve
B Introduction of II Decline in plant
Nile Perch in Lake 33. Co-extinction means
Victoria (1) Introduction of alien species leading to
population decline or extinction of indigenous species.
C Less solar III Extinction of (2) Extinction due to over exploitation
energy more than 2000 (3) Extinction due to Habitat loss.
species of native (4) Extinction due to obligatory association of
birds plant or animal.

D Introduction of IV Extinction of 34. Which of these are invasive weeds?

Water Cichlid fish (1) Carrot grass (Parthenium)
Hyacinth in India (2) Gandhari (lantana)
E Colonization of V Extinction of (3) Water hyacinth (Eicchornia)
Passenger (4) All of these
tropical pacific
pigeon Islands 35. A balance should exist between production and
degradation of ozone. By which factor this
(1) A – II, B – V, C – IV, D – III, E – I balance is being disrupted and causes reduction
(2) A – V, B – IV, C – II, D – I, E – III of ozone content of atmosphere? Choose the
(3) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E – V correct option.
(4) A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – V, E – III
(1) Greenhouse gases
28. Endemic plants and animals are those which are (2) Chlorofluorocarbons
(1) Cosmopolitan in distribution. (3) Nitrous oxide
(2) Restricted to certain area. (4) Aromatic compounds
(3) Found in arctic region.
(4) Gregarious in habit. 36. In stratosphere, which one of the following
elements acts as a catalyst in degradation of
29. Hotspots of biodiversity means
ozone and release of molecular oxygen?
(1) Areas of the earth that contain many
endemic species (1) Fe (2) CI
(2) Species serves as proxy for entire (3) Carbon (4) Oxygen
communities in particular area.
(3) Species in particular niche/area 37. Identify the incorrect match,
(4) Species diversity at particular area. (1) UV-B - Damages DNA and causes mutation
(2) UV-A - Passes through the ozone and
30. The ‘Evil Quartet’ of biodiversity loss, does not
include reaches the earth's surface
(1) Habitat loss (3) Ozone hole -A large area of thinned ozone
(2) Introduction of alien species layer
(3) Co-exploitation (4) None of the above
(4) Hunting
38. Which of the following is not one of prime health
31. The following are examples of In situ
risks associated with greater UV-radiation
Conservation except?
(1) Biosphere reverse through the atmosphere due to depletion of
(2) National Park stratospheric zone?
(3) Sacred groves (1) Increased skin cancer
(4) Gene-bank (2) Reduced immune system
(3) Damage to eyes
(4) Increased liver cancer
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39. Which of the following protocols did aim for (1) Parabola
reducing emission of chlorofluorocarbons into (2) Straight line
the US atmosphere? (3) Rectangular hyperbola
(4) Any of the above
(1) Kyoto protocol
(2) Gothenburg protocol 47. Species richness of tropics is because of
(3) Geneva protocol (1) Tropics have more evolutionary time.
(4) Montreal protocol (2) Tropics have relatively constant
environment.
40. One of the main reasons of soil erosion in India is (3) Tropics receive more solar energy.
(1) farming (4) All the above
(2) deforestation
48. Find the false statement.
(3) drought conditions (1) The number of fungi species is more than the
(4) temperature combined total of the species of fishes,
amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
41. Slash and burn agriculture in North-Eastern states (2) Conventional taxonomic methods are not
of India is also called suitable for identifying microbial species
(1) ley farming (3) For many taxonomic groups, species
inventories are more complete in temperate
(2) commercial agriculture
than in tropical countries.
(3) Jhum cultivation (4) Insects forms 70 per cent part of all the
(4) All of these species recorded

42. Jhum cultivation refers to 49. What does A, B, C, D, E and F represent in this
(1) cultivation of neem tress figure?
(2) cultivation of medicinal plants
(3) tribal method of shifting cultivation
(4) cultivation of timber plants

43. Restoring a forest cover over an area where one

existed earlier, but was removed at some point of
time in the past is called
(1) reforestation (2) afforestation
(3) deforestation (4) None of these

44. Indian government recently instituted 'Amrita π-chart for number of species of major taxa of
Devi Bishnoi Award. This is awarded to plants.
individuals and communities from rural areas (1) A: Ferns and allies, B: Mosses, C: Algae, D:
involved in Fungi, E: Lichens, F: Angiosperms
(1) wildlife protection and conservation (2) A: Fungi, B: Mosses, C: Lichens, D: Ferns
(2) forest management and allies, E: Angiosperms, F: Algae
(3) A: Angiosperms, B: Ferns and allies, C:
(3) environment protection
Fungi, D: Lichens, E: Algae, F: Mosses
(4) tree plantation (4) A: Mosses, B: Ferns and allies, C:
Angiosperms, D: Lichens, E: Algae, F:
45. Joint Forest Management concept was introduced Fungi
in India during
(1) 1970s (2) 1980s 50. The term ‘Biodiversity’ was popularized by
(3) 1990s (4) 1960s (1) Robert May
(2) A. Von Humboldt
(3) Edward Wilson
46. The graph formed by plotting species richness
(4) Paul Ehrlich
against area for a wide variety of taxa
(angiosperm plants, birds, bats, fresh water
fishes, etc.) turns out to be a