Revision Notes Class 7 Science Chapter 12 - Reproduction in Plants Reproduction: ® — The process of producing offspring by the parent is called reproduction. . It is a biological process. . ‘The offspring produced can and cannot be the exact copy of the parent. Made of reproduction: . There are two modes of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual Reproduction: ©} Reproduction that occurs without the involvement of male and female gamete is called asexual reproduction. © Seed is not produced in this mode of reproduction. . Different types of the asexual reproductions are: ‘Vegetative propagation: Reproduction that occurs through vegetative part of the plant i. stems and roots is called vegetation propagation. Examples of organism produced by vegetative propagation are: ‘Onion, garlic and tulip are produced by the stems. Sweet Potato and Dahlia are produced by the roots. Bryophyllum is produced by leaves, leaves, Pepe nm Budding: . Bud is the small bulb-like structure bulging from the yeast cell. . Bud when it gets detached it develops into a new organism and this process of producing new organism from the bud when it gets detached is called budding. . Examples of organisms produced by budding are yeast and hydra. ‘Class Vit Science wow. vedianty.comFragmentation: The process by which organisms get divided into a number of fragments and each fragment develops into a new individual is called fragmentation. Fragmentation in spirogyra is an example of this type. Spore Formation: ‘The process by which organisms get divided into a number of spores and each spore develops into a new individual under favorable conditions is called spore formation. Spore formation in fungi, fern and bacteria are some examples of this type. Sexual Reproduction Reproduction that occurs with the involvement of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction, Male gamete produced by pollen grains and female gamete produced by ovary of the pistil fuses to form a zygote. ‘Stigma, style and ovary together forms pistil. Seed is produced in this mode of reproduction. This reproduction occurs thraugh the reproductive part of the plant Le., flower. The flower has both male reproductive parts called stamens and female reproductive part called pistil. Flowers that has either pistil or stamens is called unisexual flowers and flowers that has both and stamens is called bisexual flowers. Pollination: When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. ‘When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination. ‘When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower it is called cross-pollination ‘Class Vit Science wow. vedianty.comFertilization: . After pollination occurs fertilization, where male and female gamete fuses to form zygote and later zygote develops into embryo. . After fertilization, fruits are developed by ovary and seeds are developed by ovules, ‘Seed dispersal: . The movement of seeds by water, wind and animals is called seed dispersal. . Examples of the seeds dispersed by animals are xanthium and urene. . Examples of seed dispersed when the fruit burst with sudden jerk are castor and balsam. Seed dispersal is important because it reduces overcrowding of seeds of plants and hence each plant gets an adequate amount of water and sunlight. ‘Class Vit Science wow. vedianty.com