Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dynamic Charts
Dynamic Charts
A. VOCBULARY
1. Động từ miêu tả xu hướng
Ngoài ra, khi dùng những động từ này, người viết còn cần phải kết hợp chúng với những trạng
từ để thể hiện được mức độ của sự thay đổi, như sau:
Trạng từ Ý nghĩa
Mạnh Sharply / Steeply Gắt / Dốc
Drastically Mạnh & đột ngột
Dramatically Mạnh
Rapidly Nhanh liên tục
Significantly Đáng kể - lớn
Considerably Đáng kể
Substantially Vừa đủ - đáng kể
Moderately Tương đối
Slightly Nhẹ
Example:
• The amount of money spent on mobile services rose considerably over the
period.
• The percentage of citizens using the Internet decreased substantially.
• The number of people attending university fluctuated mildly during the first 8
years.
Đối với những cách diễn đạt cho các kiểu mẫu thay đổi thường gặp:
Những cách diễn đạt thông thường Động từ nâng cao thay thế Ý nghĩa
Hồi phục (sau một
Fall dramatically but then rise substantially Recover
khoảng giảm)
to increase an increase
to rise a rise
to grow a growth
to climb a climb
to jump a jump
to decrease a decrease
to decline a decline
to fall a fall
to drop a drop
to fluctuate a fluctuation
to stabilize a stability
Bổ trợ thêm cho những danh từ chỉ chỉ sự thay đổi với những tính từ chỉ mức độ tương ứng.
Tính từ Ý nghĩa
Strong Sharp / Steep Rõ nét / Dốc
Drastic Mạnh & đột ngột
Dramatic Mạnh
Rapid Nhanh liên tục
Significant Đáng kể - lớn
Considerable Đáng kể
Substantial Vừa đủ - đáng kể
Moderate Tương đối
Slight Nhẹ
Example:
There was a significant increase to 500.000 tonnes in the amount of beef consumed in 2019.
Japan saw a dramatic decline in the number of blue-collar workers in 2012.
The unemployment rate in Western nations experienced relative stability in the last 3 years. [1]
*LƯU Ý VỀ CÁCH DÙNG GIỚI TỪ:
stabilize at / even out at / level off The figure for rice export in Vietnam remained
at + số liệu: giữ nguyên tại mức stable at $15 million in 2015.
at
peak at + số liệu: đạt mức cao The amount of electricity produced peaked at
nhất là bao nhiêu 10,000 units in 2000.
Bottom out at + số liệu: đạt mức The unemployment rate bottomed out at 23% in
thấp nhất là bao nhiêu 2012.
(verb) increase/decrease by + số
The number of students increased by 2,000 after
by liệu: tăng thêm/ giảm đi bao
2 years.
nhiêu
Cấu trúc 1:
There + be + a/an + [adjective + noun] + [number] + in + [subject] + [time period]
→ Ví dụ:
There was a significant decrease of 500 in the number of men who played soccer in 2016.
Cấu trúc 2:
[Subject]+experienced/saw/witnessed+a/an+[adjective+noun]+[number]+time period
→ Ví dụ:
The number of DVDs sold in the UK experienced a mild fluctuation around 800.000 in 2007.
Cấu trúc 3:
[Place] / [Time period] + experienced/saw/witnessed + a/an + [adjective + noun] + in +
[subject] + [number] + [Time period] / [Place]
→Ví dụ:
The UK witnessed a mild fluctuation in the number of DVDs sold around 800.000 in 2007.
2007 witnessed a mild fluctuation in the number of DVDs sold around 800.000 in the UK.
Cấu trúc 4:
A/an + [adjective + noun] + [number] + was seen + in + [subject] + [time period]
→ Ví dụ:
A mild fluctuation around 800.000 was seen in the number of DVDs sold in the UK in 2017.
3. Một số cấu trúc nâng cao:
Công thức Ví dụ
There was a/an + adj2 + N1, followed by There was a downward fluctuation in the amount of
+ a/an + adj2 + N2 acid rain, followed by a steady decline.
4. Sử dụng RESPECTIVELY:
Nghĩa & Cách dùng: từ respectively có nghĩa là lần lượt.
Cách đặt trong câu: Từ respectively thông thường được đặt ở cuối câu ngay sau khi tất cả các
đối tượng và số liệu của chúng đã được liệt kê ra.
• The numbers of Vietnamese cars and motorbike users increased to 15 million and
30 million, respectively.
• There were increases to 15 million and 30 million in the numbers of Vietnamese
cars and motorbike users, respectively.
C. OVERVIEW
Trả lời các câu hỏi
• Xu hướng chung qua thời gian: tăng hay giảm? dao động liên tục hay giữ nguyên?
• Chỉ số cao nhất/thấp nhất là gì?
• Khoảng cách giữa các chỉ số
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and
2002 by four different modes of transport.
The line graph indicates the amounts of goods transported using four distinct types of transport
in the UK from 1974 to 2002. Overall, it is clearly shown that the amounts of goods transported
in the UK by all four different types of transport increased over the given period. It is noticeable
that there was a significant rise in the quantities of goods transported by road in the UK from
1974 to 2002.
First and foremost, the most significant change in goods transported in this country on road
generally increased from 1974 to 2002. It was about 70 million tonnes in 1974 rose to its highest
point at just under100 million tonnes in 2002. This similar increasing trend can be seen on
goods transported by water and pipeline, they started just below 40 and about 5 million tonnes
respectively and rose to just above 60 and above 20 million tonnes in the last year. Among the
three types of transport, goods that were transported on road were the most popular modes of
transport.
An opposite trend can be observed for the goods transported using rail. In 1974, it was exactly
40 million tonnes and declined to about 30 million tonnes in 1984. It then showed a fluctuation
pattern from 1984 to 1995. It rose considerably until the year 2002 and reached its peak at just
over 40 million tonnes.
Exercise 1: The graph shows information about the number of marriages in the UK from 1951 to
2001.
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Exercise 2: The charts below show the proportion of holidaymakers using four different types of
accommodation in three different years.
Exercise 3: The table illustrates data on oil production in Nigeria, Chad, Congo and Somalia from
2000 to 2004. (tonnes)