Ñ;% l,dj

w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;

6 fY%aKsh

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
Y%S ,xldj
www.nie.lk
info@ni.lk

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; i

Ñ;% l,dj
6 fY%aKsh
w;sf¾l lshúï fmd;
^2015 isg l%shd;aul fõ'&

m%:u uqøKh 2015

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk

uqøKh ( uqøKd,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; ii

 wOHla I ckrd,a ; = ñ hf.a mKs ú vh

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; iii

 ks f hda c H wOHla I ckrd,a f .a mKs ú vh

bf.kqu ksr;=rej we.ehSu iu. iïnkaO l< yel' by< we.ehSï idOkhla i|yd
w;a±lSu mq¿,a úh hq;= h' úyso .sh mq¿,a mrdihla iys; by< we.ehSul ysñlu ieug u
Wmßu i;=gla Wreu lrhs' ta i|yd fiajkhg wod< mqoa.," ia:dk" jia;=" isoaê nyq,ùu
wjYH h'

tfia bf.kqï w;a±lSï mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd;a ilia lsÍug yelsùu
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khg i;=gls' ta i|yd lemù ls%hd l< ieug wmf;a ia;=;sh msßkefï'

YsIH m%cdj úiska fuu w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd; mßyrKh lrñka tu.ska bÈßm;a lrk
fjk;a ±kqï uQ,hka o ióm lr .;fyd;a by< idOkhla fj; <Õdùug yelsùu ksiel h'
tneúka YsIH" .=re fo.=re" ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h' fuu w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd;a
;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lsÍug Wla; ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduqùu o wm úiska wfmalaId flf¾'
wod< hï lreKla fjf;d;a wm ±kqïj;a lrk f,i b,a,d isák w;r ±fha ¥ orejkaf.a
bf.kqï mrdihka mq¿,a fjñka wNsudkj;a ±hla f.dvkef.ajd! hs m%d¾:kd lrñ'

wdpd¾h mQ c H udUq , a f .dv iq u kr;k ys ñ

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; iv

 ye¢kaùu

YS% ,xldfõ mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< yr fyj;a m%Odk úIhhka f,i ms<s.;a uõni" .Ks;h"
úoHdj jeks úIhhka i|yd §¾> ld,hl isg úIhh ks¾foaYhg iu.dó j .=re w;afmd;g
^Teachers' Guide& wu;r j fm<fmd;a ^Text book& Ndú;fha mj;S' ta wkqj .=re w;afmd;
.=rejrhdg o" fm<fmd; isiq mßyrKhg o ,nd foñka isiqka ;=< keK myka b;d Wia f,i
o,ajkakg iefjdu ls%hd;aul fõ'

fi!kao¾hh úIhh" iqNdIs; l;= lS f,i zz.=K keK fnf,ka hq;= mq;= u h b;d .reZZ
hk fmfoys z.=KZ jvkg fokq ,nkqfha woaú;Sh odhl;ajfhls' keK jefvkqfha úIhnoaO
±kqu yd yelshd jevqu uq,afldg h' ñksid .=Kj;a kï udkj hymeje;aug" mßirhg fidnd
oyug ixfõ§ mqrjeishl= nj fya p¾hdfjka u m< lrhs' z.=KZ m<uqfldg o" zkeKZ Bg
iß,k muKska o hq;= jQ mqrjeishl= wo fufoig jvd wjeis h' ta .re lghq;= mqrjeishd
;ekqug kï fi!kao¾h úIhhka m%Odk úIhhka f,i i<ld lghq;= lsÍu jà' ta neõ fndfyda
lf,l isg y÷kd fuu úIh lafIa;%fha keÕ=u Wfoid fjfyfik wms" fuf;laa ms<s.ekqug
,la j we;s yr úIhhkag fia u óg o isiq le< i|yd fm<fmd;a ksmoùfuys w.h fmkajd
ÿkafkuq' wm ;ju;a zzyrZZ fkdjk neúka Bg bvlvla fkd ,o uq;a .=rejrhdg b.ekaùug
Wmldrl w;afmd;la f,i fujka w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;la moaO;shg ms<s.ekaùug bv m%ia;dj
,Èuq' ñka bgqjkqfha fm<fmdf;ys ld¾hNdrh u fkdjk uq;a fuh isiq mig o" .=re mig o"
buy;a Yla;shla yd cd;sl jYfhka iïu;" iumd; njla we;s lsÍug fkdu| M,odhl
iïm;la jkq we;'

mka;sldurhg yrj;a jQ fuu bf.kqï iïm; fyg ojfia moaO;s .; lsÍfuka wm

imqrd .kakg wfmalaIs; iqúfYaI M, fufia fõ'

1' .=rejrhdg w;HdjYH úIh lreKq tl f.dkqjla fldg imhd §fuka .=re ld¾hlaIu;dj
by< kexùu'
2' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfhys iúia;rd;aul j bÈßm;a fkd flfrk úIhh wka;¾.;hka fuu
fmd; weiqßka ,nd §u'
3' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYhg W!K mQ¾Khla ùu'
4' u;fNaohkag ;=vq fok úIh lreKq fjf;d;a ta ms<sn| cd;sl jYfhka talu;sl Ndjhla
we;s lsÍug wjYH ksYaÑ; lreKq$;¾l iïmdokh lsÍu'
5' úIh lreKqj, iu;=,s; nj yd iSud ks¾Khkays m%ñ;s .; nj we;s lsÍfuka we.ehSï
ld¾hh myiq lr ùu'
6' .=rejrhdf.a ±kqu ks¾foaYfhka u|la Tíng m%idrKh lrñka úIhdkqnoaO ±kqu ms<sn|
úYajdikSh;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu'
7' .=re isiq fomsßig u bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh rij;a yd yrj;a w;a±lSula njg m;a
lsÍu'

ta id buy;a iïm;la f,i fuu fmd; wm foi ore le<f.a hy .=K keK jvkakg
fuka u rij;a bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr .kakg .=re Tng msysg jkq we;' .=re
Tnf.a ls%hdYS,S nj yd ±kqj;a nj ñka ;j ;j;a jefâjd! tfuka u j;auka ore le<g
fi!kao¾h úIhh bf.kqu rij;a yd yrj;a Ôú; w;a±lSula fõjd! hkqfjka uu m;ñ'

Ydia ; % m ;s iq o ;a iuris x y
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
.=re wOHdmkh yd úl,am wOHdmk mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; v

 lñgq kdu f,a L kh
W mfoa Y l;a j h yd wkq u e;s h ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wëla I Kh
Kh( ( tia' j¾Kisxy uhd - wOHlaI ^je'wd&
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

jHdmD;s kdhl ( tï'Ô'ta'fla'hQ'nKavdr uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iïnka ë lrKh ( puß ;miajrf.a ñh - iyldr lÓldpd¾h

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

f,a L l uKa v ,h
wNHka ; r iïm;a odhl;a j h
tï' Ô' ta' fla' hQ' nKavdr uhd ( fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
{dkisß î'.uf.a uhd ( fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
rùkaø f;akqjr uhd ( lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
puß ;miajrf.a ñh ( iyldr lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
tï' mS' fm%au;s,l ñh ( iyldr lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ndys r iïm;a odhl;a j h
YS%u;s talkdhl ñh ( lÓldpd¾h ^ndysr&" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h
tÉ' tï' tia' ms' tÉ' nKavdr uhd ( Ñ;% l,d wdpd¾h" Ydka; is,afjia;r úoHd,h" uykqjr

úIh ixia l rKh

wdpd¾h Wmd,s rxð;a rKjl ( fi!kao¾h wOHlaIl ^úY%dñl&" fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" nq,;aisxy,
m%ikak rKndyq uhd ( lÓldpd¾h ^ndysr&" fi!kao¾h úYajúoHd,h
lÓldpd¾h" mqrdúoHd mYapd;a Wmdê wdh;kh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h
YS%u;s talkdhl ñh ( lÓldpd¾h ^ndysr&" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h
puß ;miajrf.a ñh ( iyldr lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId ixialrKh ( YS%kd;a .fKaj;a;" NdId ixialdrl

( tia'tï wdßhr;ak o w,aúia" ksfhdacH f,alï" cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj
( tia' ´ m%kdkaÿ" wOHlaI^úY%dñl&" isxy, fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
( ví,sõ' lreKdr;ak" lÓldpd¾h" .srd.u .=re uOHia:dkh
( tï' mS' fm%au;s,l ñh" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

msgq ie,iqu yd msgljr ks¾udKh ( rùkaø f;akqjr" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

mß.Kl h;=re ,shkh ( tï' mS' fm%au;s,l ñh" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

úúO iydh ( Èmd Ysfrduks fuh" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fm%aur;ak fmf¾rd uhd fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; vi

 mgqk

msgqj

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsjqvh iii

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh iv

ye|skaùu v

lñgq kdu f,aLkh vi

Ñ;% ixrpkh 1 - 18

wd.ñl W;aij wjia:djkays olakg ,efnk oDIH l,d wx. 19 - 28

úúO wd.ñl n,mEï weiqßka iïNjh jQ l,d wx. 29- 39

wdY%s; .%ka: kudj,sh 40

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; vii

 Ñ;% ixrpkh

Ñ;%hla ksuùu i|yd f¾Ld" yev iy j¾K uQ,sl fõ' tu uQ,sldx. lsishï m%ldYkhla $
woyila wkqj ixrpkh lsÍu isÿ fõ' Ñ;% ixrpkh hkqfjka y÷kajkafka Ñ;% uQ,sldx. jk f¾Ld" yev
iy j¾K tlg ukd f,i ixfhda. lsÍu hs' Ñ;% uQ,sldx. Ndú; lrkq ,nkafka isoaOdka; wkqj h' Ñ;%
ixrpkh lsßfï § fhdod.kakd w;HjYH jk Ñ;% uQ,sldx. yd isoaOdka; ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOh b;d
jeo.;a fõ'

Ñ;% uQ Q , s l dx.

m%Odk jYfhka Ñ;%hl uQ,sldx. ;=kls'

f¾Ld
yev;,
j¾K
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uQ,slx. weiqßka lsishï woyila fyda m%ldYkhla fyda biau;= lrkq ,nhs' fuu tla tla uQ,sldx. fjka
fjka jYfhka yd iduQysl jYfhka jgyd .ekSfuka Ñ;% ks¾udKlrKh ms<sn| fyd| yelshdjla ,nd.;
yels h'

f¾Ld
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m%ldYk Yla;sh ;Sj% lsÍu i|yd o f¾Ldj Ndú; fõ' tkï" laIKsl;ajh" fõ.h" p,kh fmkaùug
f¾LdlrKh Ñ;%hl w;HjYH wx.hla ù we;' Ñ;%fha ksudlrKh yd w,xlrKh oelaùug o f¾Ldj

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 1

fhdod .efka'
f¾Ld Ñ;% we|S u
Ñ;% bf.kSu wdrïN lrk Tnf.a f¾Ld" fndfyda úg flá ;ekska ;ek lv bß iys; wiaÒr
f¾Lduh iajNdjhla .kshs' thska meyeÈ,s jkafka ukd wNHdihlska yd md,khlska f;dr j ßoauhdkQl+,
È. f¾Ld we¢h fkdyels nj hs' f¾Ldj ms<sn| wOHhkh yd wNHdih fï i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ' fï
i|yd f¾Ldfõ Yla;sh" ;Sj%;dj yd .;sl ,laIK ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .; hq;= fõ' tys È f¾Ldfõ
laIKsl;ajh" fõ.h" p,k olajk wdldrh y÷kd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

fï i|yd m<uq j meiag,a l+rla fyda mekai,la ^pdflda,a fyda 2Bjeks mekai,la& fyda f;dard
.kak' my; ±lafjk f,i ieye,a¨fjka ksoyfia w; yiqrejkak' my; Ñ;%fha i|yka mßÈ mekai,
yiqrejk wdldr folla ±laúh yels fõ'

úúO f¾Ld
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fõ.j;a f¾Ld
laIKsl f¾Ld
iDcq f¾Ld
jl% f¾Ld
ßoauhdkql+, f¾Ld
uy; f¾Ld
ieye,a¨ isyska f¾Ld

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 2

f¾Ldfõ úúO Yla ; s ^;S j % ; dj& m% f Na o y÷kd.ekS u

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j yd ieye,a¨ j Ndú; lrñka f¾Ldfõ úúO Yla;Ska we;s jk f,i w; yeisrùu isÿ fõ'

fuf,i úúOdldr f¾Ld w¢ñka w; yqre lr .ekSu l< hq;= fõ' Ñ;% we£fï § f¾Ldj
ßoauhdkql+, nj fuka u ksYaÑ; ksudj oelaùu i|yd fhdod .efka' ta wkqj Ñ;%hl f¾Ldj hkq b;d
jeo.;a m%ldYk wx.hls'

f¾Ld weiq f rka udkj rEm wOHhkh

udkj rEm we§fï § tys m%ñ;.; ñkqula mj;S' jevqKq ñksil= we£fï § uqyqK wkqj Yßrh
y;a .=Khlska úh hq;= fõ' uqyqK flfkl=f.a wf;a m%udKh .kS' uqyqK o fldgia lsysmhlska ±lafõ'
tu
Ñ;% l,dm%
ju dK
6fY%aKshrEmigyka
- w;sf¾l lshúï fmweiq
d; frka meyeÈ,s flf¾' 3
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 úúO udkj bßhjq we£u

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 w;a iy we`.s , s we£u

mdoh we£u

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 ir, j i;a ; a j rEm we£u

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 7

yev;,
f¾Ld we£u i|yd fyd|g yqremqreÿ lr.;a miq f¾Ld wdY%hfhka úúO yev we¢h yels h'
f¾Ldj u`.ska m<uq j jia;=jl u;=msg ndysr iajrEmh olajkq ,efí' yev;,$ wdlD;sh ^Shape) f,i
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;%sudK ^Three diamensianal& ,laIK iys; h'

yev
yev;,

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ia j dNdúl yev
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Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 8

cSù - i;a;=ka" ñksiaiq" .ia" u,a" m,;=re" me<Eá
ks¾Ôù - .,a" l`ÿ

cHdñ;s l yev
ks ¾ ñ; yev $cHdñ;s
udkj ueÈy;a ùï iys; j jvd;a ixj¾Okh lrk ,o yev" ks¾ñ; yev hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
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>klh" is,skavrh" fla;=j" f.da,h jeks cHdñ;sl jia;+ tlla fyda lsysmhla fyda Wmfhda.s lr f.k
´kE u ks¾ñ; yev;,hla ilia lr .; yels h'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 9

j¾K
Ñ;%hl b;d jeo.;a u uQ,sldx.h f,i j¾K ye¢kaúh yels fõ' th ks¾udKhl jvd;a
m%ldYkYS,S fuka u wdl¾IKSh uQ,sldx.h fõ' Ñ;%hl m%ldYkh jvd;a biau;= l< yels jkafka j¾K
u`.sks' Ñ;%fha uqLH ld¾hh jk woyi yd yeÕSï m%ldY lsÍug j¾K u`.ska ,efnkqfha uy;a msájy,ls'
fï wkqj Ñ;%hl jeä ld¾h Ndrhla ysñ jkafka j¾K i|yd h'

j¾K Ndú;fha § ie,ls h hq ; = lreKq

Ñ;%hlg Ôjh ,nd fokafka j¾K u`.sks' tfia u Ñ;%hl j¾K iïmsKavkh ks¾udKfha Wiia
m%ldYkh i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfyhska j¾K ms<sn| wjfndaOh yd wNHdih Ñ;% b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha
m%uqL lghq;a;la fõ' j¾K Ndú;fha § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq w;r uQ,sl j¾K yd j¾K ñY% lsÍfuka
ilia lr .; yels úúO j¾K" j¾Khl ;Sj%;dj" t<sh w÷r wkqj j¾K yeisrùu hk uQ,sl lreKq
m%uqL fõ'

j¾K uQ,sl jYfhka fufia j¾.SlrKh l< yels h'

j¾K

uq,sl j¾K oaú;sShl j¾K

ix.; j¾K
úix.; j¾K
YS; j¾K
WIaK j¾K
j¾K m%fNao
j¾K Yla;sh

u Q , s l j¾K
fjk;a lsis ÿ j¾Khla iuÕ ñY% fkdjq m%d:ñl j¾K h'
Wod #- ks,a" ly" r;= u Q , s l j¾K

oa ú ;S h l j¾K
uQ,sl j¾K tl;=ùfuka iEfok j¾K
oa ú ;S h l j¾K
Wod #- ks,a + ly = fld< ^mÉp&
r;= + ly = ;eô,s ^rU&
ks,a + r;= = oï

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 10

ix.; j¾K fyj;a {d;s j¾K
uQ,sl j¾K folla tl;= ùfuka oaù;s l j¾K ksmofõ' tu oaú;Shl j¾K ksmoùu i|yd
WmldÍ jQ uQ,sl j¾Kh yd oaú;shSl j¾Kh w;r {d;s;ajhhla $ ix.; njla f.dvkef`.a' ta wkqj
my; wdldrfhka ix.; j¾K hq., jYfhka ±laúh yels h'
Wod#- r;= - ;eô,s
ks,a - oï
ly - ;eô,s
r;= - oï
ks,a - fld<
ly - fld<

úreoa O j¾K fyj;a úix.; j¾K

uQ,sl j¾K ñY% ù oaú;Shsl j¾K iE§fï § th i|yd Wmldr fkdl< uQ,sl j¾K yd oaú;Shl
j¾K úix.; j¾K f,i ye¢kafõ'
Wod#- uQ,sl j¾K oa ù ;S h l j¾K
r;= fld<
ks,a ;eô,s
ly oï

YS ; j¾K yd WIa K j¾K

WIa K j¾K

YS; j¾K

YS ; j¾K
o¾Ykh ùfï § weig iy is;g uDÿ isis,a" ye`.Sula ±fkk j¾K zYS; j¾KZ f,i ye¢kaúh
yels h' tfuka u wdf,dalh m;s; ùfï § tys mj;sk WIaKh Wrd .kakd iajNdjh fuu j¾Kj, we;s
úfYaI ,laIKh hs' Wod #- ks,a
fld<
l¿
l¿ jeks ;o j¾K we÷ï" wêl ysre t<sfha we| isàu wmyiq jkafka tu j¾K WIaKh Wrd
.kakd neúks' thg fya;=j WIaKh ke;s ;ekg WIaKh we;=¿ ùu h'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 11

WIa K j¾K
weig iy is;g WIaK .=Khla okjk j¾K WIaK j¾K f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'
Wod#- ly" iqÿ" frdai" r;=" ;eô,s
Wrd .ekSulska f;dr j WKqiqu uqod yßk j¾K f,i o fïjd ye¢kaúh yels h' WKqiqu we;s ;eklg
WKqiqu we;=¿ ùula fkdue;s neúka mrdj¾;kh fõ' ta wkqj rd;%s ld,fha jqj o¾Ykh jk j¾Khla
f,i ly j¾Kh ±laúh yels h' WKqiqu ke;fyd;a wdf,dalh uqod yßk neúka wêl w÷f¾ jqj o ly
j¾Kh o¾Ykh fõ' tneúka ud¾. ix{d i|yd Ndú; jkafka ly j¾Kh hs' WIaK l,dmSh l%Svlhka
ly" iqÿ jeks j¾K Èjd ld,fha § Ndú; lrkafka tajd WIaKh uqodyßk j¾K jk neúks'

j¾K m% f Na o yd j¾K Yla ; s

j¾K m% f Na o
tl u j¾Kfha úúO wjia:d j¾K m%fNao f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' iqÿ iy l¿ tl;= lsÍfuka
tl u j¾Kfha m%fNao f.dvkef`.a'
Wod#- <d ks,a" ks,a" ;o ks,a

j¾K Yla ; s
m%ldYk yelshdj j¾K Yla;s f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' hïlsis j¾Khl Yla;sh f,i y÷kajkafka
tu j¾Kh u`.ska hïlsis fohla ;Sj% lsßu hs' fuys § jeo.;a j¾K udOHh jkafka Èh idhï h'
j¾Khlg c,h tl;= lSßfuka tys Yla;sh wvq jeä l< yels h' c,h jeämqr tl;= ùfuka j¾Kfha
Yla;sh ySk fjhs' iqÿ iy l¿ fuka u j¾K m%fNao tl;= ùfuka o j¾Kfha Yla;sh fjkia l< yels h'

iq ú fYa I j¾K
wm Ndú; lrk øjHuh j¾K w;r l¿" iy" iqÿ iqúfYaI fõ' l¿ iy iqÿ" w÷r iy wdf,dalh
jYfhka ie,fla' ´kE u j¾Khla w÷r lrd f.k hdug l¿ o" wdf,dalj;a lsÍug iqÿ o" tl;= l<
yels h' idudkHfhka ne¨j fyd;a wmg fmfkk iqúfYaI ;;a;ajh jkafka hï j¾Khlg iqÿ tl;=
lsÍfï wka;h iqÿ mdg u h' l¿ tl;= lsÍfï wka;h l¿ mdg u h' fuu wka; fofla § u j¾Khl
Yla;sh bj;a ù hhs'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 12

 uQ,sl j¾K tlsfkl ñY% ù iEfok j¾Kj,g wu;r j l¿"iqÿ yd tajd iu`. fjk;a j¾K
tl;= ùfuka iEfok j¾K ±l.; yels h'
Wod#- l¿ + r;="= fureka
iqÿ + r;== = frdai
l¿ + iqÿ = w¿
l¿ + r;= = ;eô,s ÿUqre

uQ,sl j¾K ñY% ùfuka oaú;Shl j¾K ksIamdokh fõ' uQ,sl j¾K yd oaú;Shl j¾K tl;=
ùfuka j¾K idod .; yels jqj o wdl¾IKSh j¾Kuh .=Khla tajdfhka ±l.; fkdyels nj yef`.hs'
flfia kuq;a uQ,sl j¾K" oaú;Shl j¾K yd iqúfYaI jQ l¿ iqÿ j¾K tl;= ùfuka úúO j¾K yd j¾K
m%fNao ksmoúh yels h' we;eï úg j¾K folla fkdj lSmhla ñY% lsÍfuka úúO j¾K fuka u j¾K
m%fNao o ksmofõ' fï wkqj ne,Sfï § wmg idlaId;a jk m%Odk ldrKhla jkafka m%dfhda.sl Ndú;fhka
w;a±lSï ,eîu iqÿiq nj hs'

Ñ;% ixrpkh lsÍfï § wod< ud;Dldjg f,i WÑ; j¾K f;dard .ekSu l< hq;=fõ' fuys È
j¾Kj,ska y`.jk $m%ldY lfrk woyia ms<sn| j o wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' ukao" ta ta
j¾Kj,g wdfõKsl m%ldYk Yla;shla fuka u pß; ,laIK o we;=<;aj we;' th fufia ±laúh yels
h'

l¿ - fYdalh yd wm%idoh fyda úfrdaO;d fyda ms<sn| ye`.Sï cks; lsÍu

iqÿ - mú;%;ajh ixfla;j;a lsßu" tfia u wd.ñl yd fYdald;aul wjia:dj, § Ndú;h
ly - §ma;su;a nj yd m%fndaOh
r;
r;= - ;shqKq nj" Nhdkl^wka;rdhldß&Ndjh" m%S;sh" .skak" ;reK nj" Yla;su;a nj
ks,a - isis,i" Ydka; nj yd m%fndaOh
fld< - isis,i yd Ydka; ye`.Sï
;eô,
;eô,s - m%fndaOh
frdai - m%fndaOh yd W;aijldß Ndjh
oï - m%fndaOh
w¿ - iduldñ nj
.=re - msvdldÍ nj" ÿl yd fõokdj jeks ye`.Sï

j¾K Ys , a m l% u

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 13

 j¾K Ndú; lrk l%ufõo$ls%hd ms<sfj< Ys,am l%u f,i kï flf¾' fuu l%ufõo$ls%hd
ms<sfj< wkqj j¾K .ekaùfï Ys,am l%u fjkia fõ' meiag,a" Èhidhï" fmdaiag¾" ñY% udOHh" fld,dÊ
hkqfjka fuu j¾K lsÍfï Ys,am l%u kï l< yels h' <ud ks¾udKlrKfha § jvd;a wjOdkhla fhduq
l< hq;af;a we`§fï ffY,shg jvd j¾K Ndú; lrk Ys,am l%u flfrys h' j¾K lsÍfï tla tla Ys,am
l%uj, iajNdjh yd .;s ,laIK my; ±lafjk j.=fjka y÷kd .; yels h'

udOH ia j Ndjh Ys , a m S h ,CIK

meiag,a >k udOHh • j¾K <d lsÍu i`oyd iqÿ j¾Kh Ndú; lsÍu
• j¾K ;o meye .ekaùug l¿ fyda fjk;a ;o
j¾Khla fyda Ndú; lsÍu

Èh idhï úksúo fmfkk Èhr • c,fhka Èh lr Ndú; lsßu

udOHh • c,h wvq jeä jYfhka fh§fuka <d yd ;o

j¾K ilia lr .ekSu

fmdaiag¾ j¾K Wl= oshr udOHhls' • me;,s j¾K Ndú; lsßu

• c,h iuÕ ñY% lr ilia lr .ekSu
• j¾K <d yd ;o meyeh ,nd .ekSug iqÿ l¿
j¾K Ndú; lsÍu

ñY% udOH úúO >k" Wl=" úh<s yd • úúO udOH tl u ;,hl Ndú; lsÍu

Èhr udOH tl;=jls • tu tla tla udOHj, iajNdjh yd .;s

,CIK u;= lr fmkaùu
• we,ùu" mdg lsÍu" iSÍu wdoS l%u Ndú;h

fld,dÊ udOH úúO >k yd uDÿ øjH • we,ùu m%uqL lrf.k >k yd uDÿ øjH

tl;=j Ndú; lsÍu

Wod( úúO weg j¾." ,S len,s" lvodis" frÈ
len,s

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 14

 ixrpk is o a O dka ;

Ñ;%uh ;,h u; j¾K" f¾Ld yd yev;, hk uQ,sldx. f.dkq lsßfï § Ndú; lrkq
,nkafka isoaOdka; wkqj h' lsishï isoaêhla i|yd j¾K" f¾Ld yd yev;, hk Ñ;%uh uQ,sldx." ;,h
u; iïmsKavkh lsÍu i|yd kHdhd;aul isoaOdka; Ndú; lrkq ,efí' tu isoaOdka; fufia y÷kajd Èh
yels h'
m¾hdf,da l h
;% s u dk yd oa ú udk
mßudKh yd mßudj
iunr;dj
ks ¾ udKYs , S ; a j h yd ye`.S ï m% l dYkh
fuu isoaOdka; iu`. ;,h Ndú;h my; ±lafjk f,i y÷kd.; yels h'

úúO yev$ rEm ;,h u; f.dkq ls Í u

Ñ;% we£fï § ;,h Ndú;h b;d jeo.;a fõ' ;,h hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nkafka ysia lvodis
wjldYh hs' th me;,s h' tfuka u oaúudk h' fuu me;,s ke;fyd;a oaúudk ;,h ^wjldYh& u;
yev$ rEm msysgjkq ,nkafka ;, lsysmhlg fõ' fndfyda úg Ñ;%uh wjldYh ;, ;=klg fnod
olajhs' tkï fmrìu
fmrìu" ueoìu yd miqìu hkqfjks' tfia ;, lsysmhl rEm msysgqùu u`.ska Ñ;%fha
.eUqrla ksrEmKh flf¾' Ñ;%fha .eUqrla ksrEmKh lsÍu hkq( ÿr" <`. ksrEmKhls' th tla w;lg
m¾hdf,dal ,laIK fmkaùuls'

miqìu

ueoìu

fmrìu

Ñ;%uh ;,h fmrìu" ueoìu yd miqìu jYfhka fldgia lr Ndú; lrkq ,nkafka lsishï
isoaêhla" lsishï f;audjla$ jia;= úIhhla úia;rd;aul j ksrEmKh lsÍug wjYH jQ úg h' ;, ;=kl
jev lsÍfï § isoaê .Kkdjla ±laúh yels h' ks¾udKhla l;kaor iajrEmhla .kS' úia;rd;aul nj
jeä fõ' lsj hq;= lreKq jeä h' fmrìu u; m%Odk pß; fyda isoaê o ueo ìu u; fiiq pß; fyda isoaê
Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 15
o msysgqjhs' miqìu" tu isoaêh jk ia:dkh jgmsgdj yd tu mßirh ±laùu i|yd fhdod .kshs' fuf,i
;, ;=kla u; isÿúï ksrEmKh lsÍfï § úYd, N+ñ m%foaYhla$ wjldYhla lvodishla u; ksrEmKh
flf¾' úfYaIfhka fujeks ks¾udK i|yd Ñ;% lvodish $ ;,h Ndú; lrkqfha o ;sria wdldrhg fõ'

miqìu

ueoìu

fmrìu

ióm o¾Ykhla fyda tla wjia:djla fyda muKla ksrEmKh i|yd Ndú; lrkqfha ;, folla
ke;fyd;a tl ;,hlss' fuys § Ñ;%fha .eUqr ksrEmKh fkd fõ'

miqìu $ ueoìu

fmrìu

l;kaor wdldrfha isoaê .Kkdjla m%ldY lrk f,i tl u ;,hl Ñ;% we|Su o isÿfõ' fuys §
Ñ;%fha miqìu tal j¾K iajNdjhla .kshs'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 16

m¾hdf,da l h
;,h u; yev;, msysgqùfï § m¾hdf,dal ,CIK fmkaùu m%uqL isoaOdka;hla fõ' th we£fï
yd j¾K lsÍfï m¾hdf,dalh jYfhka j¾. l< yels h' fuys §" we£fï m¾hdf,dalh jYfhka ÿr
rEm$ yev;, l=vdjg yd <Õ rEm$yev;, úYd, j ksrEmKh flf¾' j¾K m¾hdf,dalh wkqj ióm
rEm ;o meyefhka o" ÿr rEm <d meyefhka o olajkq ,efí' m¾hdf,dal ,CIK wkqj wjldYh $
;,h u; .eUqr ksrEmKh lsÍu isÿ fõ' tkï fuys § fmrìu" ueoìu" miqìu wdÈ fldgia u; rEm
msysgqjkq ,efí' ta wkqj j¾K lsÍu isÿ flf¾'

miqìu

ueoìu

fmrìu

;% s u dk yd oa ú udk
rEmhl we;s jgl=re nj ke;fyd;a rjqï nj ±laùu ;%sudk nj fõ' úfYaIfhka È. m<, yd
.eUqr ±laùu ;%sudK ,laIK f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' fndfyda úg ;%sudk;ajh olajkafka j¾K u`.sks'
by; ks¾udKfha rEm j¾K .kajd we;af;a ;%sudk ,laIK u;=jk f,i h'
hïlsis jia;=jl oaúudk ,laIK fmkaùu i|yd È. yd m<, muKla ksrEmKh lsÍu isÿ fõ'
idïm%odhsl .Khg wh;a Ñ;%" ks¾udKh ù we;af;a fuu oaúudk ,laIK uQ,sl lrf.k h'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 17

mßudKh
Ñ;% ixrpkfha § mßudKh hk isoaOdka;h b;d jeo.;a fõ' mßudKh hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha
lsishï rEmhl Bg wdfõKsl jk ñkqï ,laIK h' WodyrK jYfhka udkj rEmhla we£fï § uqyqK
wkqj YÍrh we¢h hq;= Wi m%udKh i,lkq ,nhs' m<, wkqj Wi fldmuK o hkak wdÈ jYfhka
idfmalaI j ixikaokh lrkq ,nhs'

mßudj
ksYaÑ; m%udK.; j w¢k ,o rEm ;,h u; msysgqùfï § mßudj b;d jeo.;a fõ' tla tla rEm
i|yd ysia wjldYh ke;fyd;a ;,h u; ksYaÑ; bvla fjka ù we;' úúO jia;+kag wh;a tfia u
ord.; yels bv m%udKh fyj;a Odß;djla we;' tys § fuu wjldYh udkkh jkafka mßudj u`.sks'
tfy;a th uekSu i|yd kej; mßudKh wjYH fõ' tl u ;,hl rEm msysgqùu i|yd" WodyrK
jYfhka .il fyda f.hl fyda ñksil= ±laùfï §" mßudj jeo.;a fõ'

ks ¾ udKYS , S m% l dYkh
ks¾udKYS,S;ajh mqoa.,hka wkqj fjkia fõ' tla tla mqoa.,hkag úúO yelshd yd ks¾udK
Yla;s we;' th Wm;ska u flfkl= ,nk iqúfYaI;ajhls' tfia jqj o th mqyqKqj yd wNHdih u`.ska
m%.+K lsÍug yels h'

rEm iïmsKavkh lsÍfï § jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka ks¾udKYS,S;ajh hs' ks¾udKYS,S;ajh hkq"
óg fmr fkdjq úrE kjH ,laIKj,ska hq;= j isÿ lrk m%ldYkh hs' iuyr úg fuu m%ldYk Ndjuh
ye`.sï iys; j ksremKh lsÍu isÿ fõ' iuia;hla f,i oDYH l,d ks¾udKj, mj;sk Bg u wdfõKsl
.=Kdx." iajNdjh" udOHh yd ndysr ,laIK wkqj tajd j¾.SlrKh l< yels h'

iuia ; ks u dj
tla uQ,sldx.hla fjk;a uQ,sldx. iu`. tlg iïnkaO ùfï § we;s jk iduQysl .e<mSu Ñ;%fha
iuia; ksudj jYfhka ie,fla'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fY%aKsh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 18

 wd.ñl W;aij wjia:djkays olakg ,efnk
oDYH l,d wx.

Y%S ,dxlslhka jYfhka wms nyqúO wd.ñl mßirhl ðj;a fjuq' tjeks iudc mßirhl cSj;ajk
wm tla tla ckfldgiaj, m%Odk wd.ñl W;aijhkays we;s l,d wx." tkï( wd.ñl W;aij wjia:djkays
olskakg ,efnk Ñ;%uh wx. y÷kd .ekSu" fuu mßÉfþofhka wfmalaId flf¾'

fn!oaO" yskaÿ" uqia,sï yd l%sia;shdks ck fldgiaj, m%Odk wd.ñl W;aij jk fjila" ff;fmdx.,a"
rdu,dka yd k;a;,a hk W;aij wjia:d wrnhd isÿ lrkqq ,nk fkdfhl=;a l%shdldrlï wdYs%; j isÿ jk
l,d wx. $ Ñ;%uh wx. úia;r lsÍu fuys § isÿ fõ'

w;S;fha isg mej; tk úúO wd.ñl W;aijhkays merKs yd kùlrKh jQ l,d wx.j, iqúfYaI;d
y÷kd .ekSu yd tajd we.hSug ,la lsÍu hk ldrK u; riúkaok yelshdj biau;= l< yels h' fuf,i
úúO ck fldgia wd.ñl jYfhka isÿ lrk l,d;aul m%ldYkj, úúO;d w.h lrñka riúkaokhg yqre
ùu l,d;aul ±kqu i|yd muKla fkdj úúO ck fldgia w;r ukd iyfhda.;dj we;s lsßug o jeo.;a
fõ'

fjila W;a i jh

fjila Èkh f,daljdiS fn!oaO ck;djf.a mQckSh jQ W;=ï Èkhls' isÿy;a fndai;=kaf.a W;am;a;sh"
nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùu yd nqoaO mrsks¾jdKh f;u`.=, isys lsÍu fjila Èk isÿ fõ' ta i|yd fjila Èkfhys
fn!oaOfhda m%;sm;a;s iy wdñi mQcdj, ksr; fj;s' is,a iudoka ùu" nK weiSu" fndaê mQcd meje;aùu wdÈh
fuka u fjila myka l+vq ^±,aùu&" ne;s .S .dhkd" fjila m;a yd f;drK ks¾udKh" okaie,a meje;aùu
wdÈh hs'

fn!oaO úydria:dk uQ,sl fldg f.k is,a iudoka ùu fuka u fndfyda wd.ñl W;aij o meje;afõ'
fndfyda úg k.r uQ,sl lr f.k fjila W;aij meje;afõ' fuys § w,xldr úÿ,snqnq¿ ±,aùï" f;drK yd
fjila myka l+vq m%o¾Ykh yd Nla;s .S; ikao¾Yk mej;aùu wdÈh isÿ fõ'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 19

 fjila W;aijh wrnhd lrkq ,nk W;aij iy mskalï wdYs%; j isÿjk l,d;aul l%shdldrlï
ms<sn| wjfndaOh ukd ridiajdohlg bjy,a fõ'

fjila W;a i jh wdY% s ; ola k g ,efnk oDYH wx.

fn!oaOhka úiska fjila W;aijfha § m%;sm;a;s mQcdjg fuka u wdñi mQcdjg o m%uqL;ajhla fokq
,efí' wdñi mQcd hgf;a isÿ jkafka úúO udOH Ndú; lrñka ieris,s lsÍu yd iqn me;=ï m;a hEùu yd
f;drK wdÈh m%o¾Ykh lsÍu hs' ta wkqj fjila W;aijh uq,a lrf.k isÿlrkq ,nk oDYH l,d wx.
lsysmhla y÷kd .; yels h'
1' fjila myka l+vq
2' f;drK
3' iqn me;=ï m;a
4' fldä je,a wdÈh

fjila myka l+vq

úfYaIfhka u nqÿkag lrkq ,nk wdf,dal mQcdjla f,iska .Dyia: mßirh w,xldrh lsÍu iy
wdf,dalj;a lsÍu i|yd fjila myka l+vq ks¾udKh flf¾' fïjd l%u lsysmhlg ks¾udKh l< yels h'

1' ksjdi w,xlrKh i|yd ilik l=vd myka l+vq - WK m;=re"iõlvodis" brgq" f.dlafld< Ndú;
lrñka wgmÜgï" jD;a;dldr" Ivdi%dldr" ;dreld jeks yev uq,a fldg f.k w,xldr f,i idod .kq
,efí' myka l+vqj wdf,dalj;a lr .ekSu i|yd úÿ,s n,anhla fyda bámkaoula o,ajkq ,efí' j¾Kj;a
myka l+vq rdYshla ks¾udKh lr oe,aùfuka miq ukd l,d;aul njla fuka u myka ye`.Sula o we;s fõ'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 20

11' wdjrKhla iys ; j ks ¾ udKh lrk úYd, myka l= v Q
fmr lS f,i ilia lr .kakd myka l+vq úYd, ixLHdjla tl;= lr úÿ,s fudagrhlg iïnkaO lr
uyd myka l+vq iE§u isÿ fõ' ks¾udKd;aul fuka u w,xldr núka o hqla; fuu l+vq" úYd, uy l=vqjla
iys; mßjdr l=vq jYfhka bÈßm;a flf¾' iuia;hla jYfhka fuu myka l+vq úúOdldr yev ^wdlD;s&"
leghï ks¾udK iu`. f;audjla iys; j o bÈßm;a lsßu isÿ fõ'

2' fjila f;drK

j¾;udkfha olskakg ,efnk fjila f;drK w;S;fha isg mej; tk l,d ks¾udKhla jYfhka
fkdie,fla' Y%S ,xld f;drK l,dj 20 jk ishjfia ueo Nd.fha § muK wdrïN jQjd hehs ie,fla'
úfYaIfhka nqÿ iuh flfrys Y%oaOdj yd Nla;sh we;s lsÍfï b;d myiq" ir, ckm%sh l%uhla f,iska
f;drK ks¾udKh ye¢kaúh yels h' úydr ì;=is;=jï wdYs%; j ,nd ÿka fn!oaOd.ñl mKsúvh idudkH
ckhd fj; m%o¾Ykd;aul j ,nd §u fuu f;drK ks¾udK u`.ska isÿ fõ'

f;drK tlajr úYd, ixLHdjlg myiqfjka kerôh yels is;=jï iys; úYd, ks¾udKhla fõ'
is;=jï i|yd ieu úg u jia;= úIh jQfhaa nqoaO pß;fha isÿ ùï fndaêi;a;aj pß;fha l;d fyj;a cd;l
l;d h' wä 50la jeks m%udKhlg Wia jQ ,Sfhka lrk ,o iels,a,la u; ,E,s fyda tjeks ;=kS fndaâ
j¾.hla fyda Ndú; fldg ;,h ilia lr .kS' fufia ilia lr .;a ;,h u; is;=jï ks¾udKh flf¾'
fndfyda úg ilia lr.;a ;,h fldgiaj,g fnod tla tla fldgfia ud;Dldjg wod< j is;=jï ks¾udKh
flf¾' fï i|yd tla tla Ys,amshdg wkkH jQ Ys,amSh l%u Ndú; flf¾' wjidkfha f;drK wdf,dalj;a

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 21

lsÍu i|yd ks¾udKd;aul rgdjkag ilia lr.;a" j¾Kj;a úÿ,s nqnq¿ moaO;shla fh§fuka jvd;a w,xldr
fõ' tfia u is;=jï lr we;s cd;l l;d fyda nqoaO pß; isÿúïj, fyda wka;¾.; yrh b;d ir, j
l,d;a u l j krUka k ka f .a is ; a ;= < ;yjq r e jk f,i l;ka o r wdldrfhka ±la ù u fïjdfha we;s
úfYaI;ajhls' fujeks iqúfYaI ,laIKhkaf.ka wkQk f;drK u`.ska l,d ks¾udK rdYshla iu`. kj Ñ;%
ffY,shla o" j¾K rgd ujk úÿ,s wdf,dal ;dlaIKhla o ìys ù we;'

3'fjila iq n me;= ï m;a

20 jk ishjfia we;s jQ fn!oaO mqk¾Ôjh iu`. uqøK udOHfha we;s ÈhqKqj" fjila iqn me;=ï m;a
l,dj wdrïN úug fya;= úh' uq,a ld,Sk fjila m;a Ñ;% uQ,sl j uqøKh úh' ta i|yd nqoaO pß;fha isoaê
wdÈh w,xlrK ffY,Skaf.ka hq;= j Ñ;%Kh flßKs' tfia u" wfkla mi iqn me;=ï iu`. lúhla olakg
,efí' j¾;udkfha fjila m;aj, Ñ;% fjkqjg äðg,a ;dlaIKh u`.ska ilia lrk ,o m%isoaO nqoaO
m%;sudjl PdhdrEmhla" ffj;Hhla ke;fyd;a úúO wdldrhg ieliQ u,a fmdl=rla jeks foa wvx.= lr
we;'

4' fldä je,a a

fjila Èkfha § ieris,s wx.hla f,i fldä fhdod .ekSu o b;d nyq, j isÿ fõ' ta w;ßka fn!oaO
fldäh úfYaI fõ' tfuka u fn!oaO fldäfha wka;¾.; j¾K Ndú; fldg ;ks mdglska ilia lr.;a
fldä t,a,Su fuys § isÿ fõ' fuu`.ska W;aij iajrEmh fuka u" fn!oaOd.ñl m%%fndaOhla we;s flf¾'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 22

 ff ;fmdx.,a W;a i jh
ff;fmdx.,a

ff;fmdx.,a W;aijh yskaÿ Nla;shkaf.a m%Odk wd.ñl W;aijhls' fuu W;aijh ieu jirlu
ckjdß ui 14 jeks yd 15 jeks Èk meje;afõ' oñ< wjqreÿ l%uh wkqj jif¾ m<uq jk udih i|yd
zzff;ZZ hk kduh Ndú; fõ' tfia u" w¨;a iy,s k a ls ß n;a ms i S u is ÿ jk w;r fuu ls ß n;
zzfmdx.,aZZZhkqfjka ye¢kafõ' zzff;fmdx.,a
zff;fmdx.,aZZZhk kduh ta wkqj ks¾udKh jQjls'

ff ;fmdx.,a W;a i jh wdY% s ; ola k g ,efnk oDYH wx.

ff;fmdx.,a

fuu W;aijfha § yskaÿ Nla;slhka úiska lDIsl¾udka;h i|yd WmldÍ jQ ysre foúhka Wfoid mqo
mQcd meje;aùu m<uq Èk isÿ lrkq ,efí' fojk Èk .jhd Wfoid W;al¾Ij;a wkaoñka mqo mQcd meje;aùu
isÿ lrkq ,efí' fuu wjia:d b;d úÑ;% f,i meje;aùu yskaÿ Nla;slhkaf.a isß;ls' tjeks wjia:d wdY%s;
j isÿ jk yd Ndú; jk úÑ;% ieris,s iys; l,d wx. y÷kd .ekSug yels fõ' tajd yskaÿ wd.ug wkkH jQ
l,d;aul m%ldYkhkaf.ka hqla; fõ'

1 flda , ï rgd
w¨;a iy,ska fmdx.,a ^n;a& ilia lr .ekSfï uqLH lghq;a; i|yd msßisÿ lr.;a fodrgq bÈßmi
yd f.ìu u; iy,amsá iu. lyl=vq $j¾Kj;a l=vq l<jï lr.;a ñY%Khlska flda,ï rgd ks¾udKh
lrkq ,efí' fïjd w,xldr iuñ;sl jQ y;/ia iy rjqï yevfha u,a fudaia;r rgd iys; j ks¾udKh
lrkq ,efí' fï i|yd jvd;a odhl;ajh imhkq ,nkafka ldka;djka yd <uhska úisks' Tjqkag ;u l,d;aul
yd ks¾udKYS,s woyia ksoyfia m%ldY lsÍug we;s wjia:djla f,i fuu ks¾udK ye`Èkaúh yels h'
w,xldr j¾K yd yev tlg tl .<mñka" ixl,kh lrñka yd f.ìu mQrd úiqrejd yßñka fuu flda,ï
rgd ks¾udKh lrkq ,efí'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 23

2' f;drK ks ¾ udK
ieu yskaÿ Nla;slhl=f.a u ksfjiaj, f.ìu msßisÿ fldg m%Odk fodrgqjg noaO jk fia flfi,a
.ia follska f;drKla idokq ,nhs' yska¥ka f;drK f,i y÷kajk fodrgq bÈßmi iú lsßug fhdod.kakd
flfi,a .iaj,g wu;r j fodrgq bÈßmi t,a,d jefgk f,i ilik u,a yd f.dlafld<" wU fld< iys;
f;drK o fõ' ta wkqj fuu f;drK úÑ;%j;a jkafka iajdNdúl øjH" yev yd j¾K u`.sks'

yskaÿ Nla;slhkaf.a ksjdij, fuka u ish¨ u yskaÿ foajia:dk ^fldaú,a& bÈßmi flfi,a .ia
folla isgqjd f.dla ieris,s yd u,aud, wdÈh o Ndú; fldg w,xldr lsÍu ±lsh yels h'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 24

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 25
 rdu,dka W;a i jh

rdu,dka W;aijh bia,dï wd.ug úfYaI jQ W;aijhls' bia,dï Èk o¾Ykfha kj jk udih jk

rdu,dka udifha uq,a i| ÿgq ;eka isg oi jk udih jk taõjd,a udifha uq,a i| olajd Èk 29la fyda 30la
fyda Wmjdi ld,hlska miq j rdu,dka W;aijh t<fò' tÈk we;s iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka oka §u hs' ;ukag
wejeis m%udKfhka ÿmam;a ck;djg hula oka §u thska woyia flf¾' uqia,sïjrekaf.a rdu,dka W;aijh
u`.ska È<skaokag WojQ Wmldr lsÍu yd udkj ohdj hk wdl,am j¾Okh fõ'

rdu,dka W;a i jh wdY% s ; j ola k g ,efnk oDYH wx.

rdu,dka Èkh" W;aij Èkhla f,i ye¢kajqj;a tÈk uqia,sï wd.ñlhkaf.a ksfjiaj, fyda m,a,sfha
fyda W;aijhl iajrEmhla Èia jkafka ke;' lsisÿ wdldrhl ieris,s ,laIK o olakg ke;' tÈk we;s
iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka oka §u hs'

j¾;udkfha § rdu,dka W;aijh iqn me;Su i|yd iqn me;=ï m;a ks¾udK flf¾' tfia u" bia,dï
ldka;dfjda w,xldr i|yd w;a,j, fudaia;r rgd we| .ks;s' tu fudaia;r rgd b;d w,xldr yevj,ska
hqla; fõ' fïjd yska¥ ks¾udKh lrk flda,ï rgdj,g iudk ,laIK fmkajhs'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 26

 k;a ; ,a W;a i jh

f,dalh mqrd úisÍ isák l%sia;shdks ne;su;ayq ieu jirl u foieïn¾ ui 25 jeks Èk fÊiq
ì,s`ÿf.a Wmka Èkh kka;,a Èkh kñka iur;s' foieïn¾ ui 24 jeks Èk uOHu rd;%sfha fÊiq ì,s`od Wmka
wjia:dj isysm;a lrñka uOHu rd;%sfha isg u foajia:dj,g /iajk ls;=kq ne;su;ayq k;a;,a Èkh
W;aijdldrfhka yd b;d úÑ;% f,i iur;s'

k;a ; ,a W;a i jh wdY% s ; j ola k g ,efnk oDYH wx.

ls;=kq ne;su;ayQ k;a;,a Èk foajia:dk yd ksjdi úÑ;% f,i w,xldr lr;ss' fï i|yd Tjqka úiska
fhdod.kakd ieris,s wx. w;r( .jf,ka ks¾udKh" iqn me;=ï m;a" k;a;,a .ia yd fjk;a úúO ieris,s
±lsh yels h'

.jf,ka ks ¾ udKh
k;a;,a W;aijh fjkqfjka foajia:dkj," fmdÿ ia:dkj, yd ksfjiaj, .jf,ka ks¾udKh lsÍu
isÿ fõ' l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a Wm; isys lrkq jia fuu .jf,ka ks¾udKh lrkq ,efí' b;d l=vd yd úYd,
m%udKfha ks¾udK ta w;r ±lsh yels h' .j f,k wNHka;rfha fÊiq ì,s÷" ußh;=ñh" tf`âreka yd t¿"
neg¿ .j wdÈ rEm ;sfnk w;r" tu ish¨ rEm uQ¾;s ks¾udK jYfhka ksrEmKh flf¾'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 27

k;a ; ,a .i
k;a;, ±laùu i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk m%uqL ixfla;h jkafka k;a;,a .i hs' ieris,s lrk ,o
k;a;,a .ia foajia:dkj," fmdÿ ia:dkj, yd ksfjiaj, ±lsh yels h' ksjdij, fuh wksjd¾h ieris,s
wx.hla f,i Ndú; fõ' fla;=jl yevh iys; mhskia .ila fyda w;a;la fyda úúO ieris,sj,ska w,xldr
lr .efka' fuu w,xlrK i|yd j¾Kj;a úÿ,s nqnq¿ iú lsÍu isÿfõ' j¾;udkfha § fuu k;a;,a .i
úÿ,s nqnq¿ u`.ska ilia lr .ekSu o isÿ fõ'

k;a ; ,a m;a ks ¾ udK

k;a;, fjkqfjka úúO iqn me;=ï m;a ilia flf¾' tajd úÑ;% rEmhkaf.ka w,xlr ù we;'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 28

 úúO wd.ñl n,mEï weiqfrka iïNjh
jQ l,d wx.

fn!oa O ia ; + m h

:Qm" ffp;Hh iy od.en hk kïj,ska o ye¢kafjk ia;+mh jQl,s fn!oaO úydrhl w;HjYH
wx.hls' ia;+m tla w;lska iaudrlhls' fuu mQckSh ks¾udKh fn!oaOhkag muKla Wreu jQjla fkdfõ'
w;S;fha isg ukqIH uD;foay N+uodkh lsÍu fyda wdodykh lsÍfuka ,nd.;a Od;=" NdIaudjfYaI ;ekam;a
lsÍu fyda i|yd bÈ lrk f.dvke.s,a,la f,i :Qm ks¾udKh wdrïN jQ nj mqrdúoHd{hkaf.a woyi hs'
nqoaO m%;sudjla fkdue;s jljkqjl mjd nqÿka ksrEmKh lsÍug fhdod .kq ,enq isßm;=," P;%h jeks
ixfla; w;r ia;+mh m%uqL úh' uq,a ld,Sk ia;+mh nqÿkaf.a fyda uy ry;ka jykafiaf.a fyda Ydßßl Od;=
ksoka lsßu i|yd ks¾udKh jQjls' miq ld,Sk j nqÿka jykafia yd iïnkaO jeo.;a ia:dkj, fuka u
ft;sydisl jákdlñka hq;= ia:dkj, o ia;+m ks¾udKh úh'

ia ; + m wx.

nenf<k iqÿ mdg .¾Nhlska yd fYdaNudk W,a jQ fld;lska hq;= ,dxflah ia;+mfha uq,a yevh
bkaÈhdfõ idxÑ ia;+mh wdNdifhka f.dvke`.=Kls' idxÑ ia;+mh fïÈh" .¾Nh" y¾ñldj" hIaáh yd P;%
hk wx. j,ska hq;= ks¾udKhls' idxÑfha —fïÈh˜ hk fldgi ,dxflah ia;+mfha fmaidj<¨ kñka y÷kajhs'
idxÑfha —y¾ñldj˜,dxflah ia;+mfha § —y;/ia fldgqj˜hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' idxÑfha hIaáh yd P;% fjkqjg
,dxflah ia;+mfha fld;a le/,a, yd fld; hk yev ixj¾Okh ùu ±lsh yels h' fï wkqj" j¾;udkh
jk úg fn!oAO ia;+mh is¿ñK" fld;" fld;a le/,a," foaj;d fldgqj" y;/ia fldgqj" Od;= .¾Nh" fmaid
j<¨" mdou hk m%Odk ia;+mdx.j,ska iukaú; fõ'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 29

 idxÑ ia;+mdx.

is¿ñK
fld;

fld;a le/,a,

foaj;d fldgqj
y;/ia fldgqj

Od;= .¾Nh

fmaid j<¨
mdou

m%Odk ia;+mdx.

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 30

 iuia ; ia ; + m mßY% h

ia ; + m yev
fn!oaO ia;+mh úúO yevhkaf.ka hq;= j bÈ lrk ,o jQ l,d;aul ks¾udKhls' ia;+mfha yevh
wkqj ia;+m j¾. 6la y÷kd .; yels h' ia;+m j¾. flfrkqfha" ia;+m .¾Nfha yevh wkqj h' tu ia;+m
yev my; ±lafõ'

1' >Kagdldr
2' OdkHdldr
3' >gdldr
4' moaudldr
5' wdu,dldr
6' nqínq,dldr
>Ka g dldr ffp;HH
ffp;H .¾Nh >Kagdrhl yevfhka hqla; j ks¾udKh
lr we;s ffp;Hh >Kagdldr ffp;Hh f,iska ye¢kafõ' Y%S
,xldfõ ks¾udKh jQ m<uq ia;+mh jk l%s' mQ' 250 § ks¾udKh
jQ :Qmdrdu od.en fï yevfhka hqla; h' tfuka u uyshx.K
ia;+mh o >Kagdldr yevfhka hqla; nj ie,fla'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 31

OdkHdldr ffp;Hh
.¾Nh OdkH f.dvl yevhg wkqj ks¾udKh lr we;s
ffp;Hh OdkHdldr ffp;Hh f,iska ye¢kafõ' wNh.sß iy
fÊ;jk ia;+m fol OdkHdldr yevhg wkqj ks¾udKh lrkakg
we;ehs ie,fla' le,Ks rdcuyd úydrfha we;s ia;+mh oekg
we;s wx. iïmQ¾K OdkHdldr yevfhka hqla; ia;+mhla f,i
ie,fla'

>gdldr ffp;Hh
>ghl fyj;a l<hl yevhg ks¾udKh lrk ,o .¾Nhla
iys; ia;+m fï kñka ye¢kafõ' l;r.u lsß fjfyr" is;=,a mõj"
u.=,a uyd úydrh hk ia;+m wdrïNfha § >gdldr yevfhka hqla;
jkakg we;s nj ie,fla' fï l%uhg wkqj idok ,o ia;+m Y%S
,xldfõ oekg oel .; fkdyels h'

moa u dldr ffp;Hh

msmqKq fk¿ï u,l uQ,sl yevhg wkqj .¾Nh ;ekSfuka moaudldr
yevfha ffp;H f.dv kef`.a' Y%S ,xldfõ oekg oel.; fkdyels h'

nq í nq , dldr ffp;Hh
Èh nqnq<l yevh iys; j .¾Nh ;ekSfuka nqínq,dldr
yeve;s ia;+mh ks¾udKh fldg ;sfí' l%s'mq 2 jk ishjfia §
ÿgq.euqKq rcq úiska rejkaje,s iEh ks¾udKh fldg we;af;a o
nqínq,dldr yevhg h' fuhg wu;r j" fmdf<dkakrefõ lsß
fjfyr yd rkafld;a fjfyr o nqínq,dldr yevfhka hqla; fõ'

wdu,dldr ffp;Hh
ia;+m .¾Nh fk,a,s f.ähl yevh .;a ks¾udK wdu,dldr
ffp;H .Khg wh;a h' fuu j¾.fha ia;+m ,xldfjka yuq fkdfõ'
tfia uq;a ±È.u fldgfjfyßka fuu j¾.h hehs wkqudk lrk
Od;= lr`vqjla yuq ù we;'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 32

 ys k a ÿ flda ú ,

yskaÿ wd.u Wfoid ,xldfõ úYd, jYfhka wd.ñl f.dvke`.s,s iE§u wdrïN jQfha fmdf<dkakre
hq.fha § h' tajd m%udKfhka l=vd jQ w;r foajd,h kñka ye¢kaùh' bka miq j .ïfmd< iy uykqjr hq.
j, § kej;;a Bg jvd fjkia wdldrhlska yskaÿ fldaú,a kñka yskaÿ wd.ñl f.dvke`.s,s ks¾udKh úh'

fufia l=vd ks¾udK jYfhka wdrïN jQ yskaÿ foajd,h miq j b;d úYd, j u zflda
fldaú,aZ kñka
ks¾udKh úh' Y%S ,xldfõ fufia ks¾udKh jQ w;súYd, fldaú,a .Kkdjla u fõ' hdmkfha k,aƾ"
;s ß l= K du,fha flda f Ka Y a j rï
rï" y,dj; uq k a f ka Y a j rï yd uykq j r l;r.u foa j d,hh tjeks
fldaú,aj,g ksoiqka fõ'

fldaú,la ks¾udKh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK ù we;af;a yskaÿ wd.ug wod< úúO foúhka weoySu
Wfoid mQcd ia:dkhla ks¾udKh lsÍu hs' iuyr foajd,hj, m%Odk foúhl= i|yd uQ,sl;ajh ,nd § ta jgd
wfkl=;a foaj rEm ks¾udKh flf¾' tfuka u ish¨ u foúhka Wfoid tl iudk j wjia:d ie,iqKq foajd,
o nyq, fõ'

.Dy ks ¾ udK Ys , a m wx.

fn!oaO ia;+mhg jvd yskaÿ fldaú, ixlS¾K;ajfhka hqla; h' ishqï yev;, nyq, h' fldaúf,ys ìï
ie,eiau fldgia y;rls'

1' f.damqrï - msúiqï fodrgqj

2' uKavmh - msúiqï fodrgqj wi, l=áh
3' wka;rd,h - .¾Nh jgd jq m%olaIsK m:h jeks fldgi
4' .¾N .Dyh - yskaÿ foajd,hl yevh iys; fldgi

iuiaa; f.dvke.s,a, ie,iqï lsÍfï § f.damqr iys; m%Odk f.dvke.s,a,g wu;r j ta fomi w¾O
f.da,dldr yevfhka hqla; jy, iys; l=vd f.dvke`.s,s lsysmhla o f.dvk`.d ;sfí' f.damqr f,i fuys
y÷kajkafka m%Odk f.dvke`.s,a, wNHka;rhg msúiSu i|yd ilid we;s we;=¿ jk m%Odk fodrgqj jeks
.Dy ks¾udKhls' uKavmh" wka;rd,h fuka u wNHka;r .¾N .Dyfhys l=vd yskaÿ foajd,hla o fõ'

fldaú, wNHka;rfha we;s úfYaI .Dyks¾udK wx. w;r we;s l=¨kq iqúfYaI fõ' tajd w,xldr
yevfhka hqla; j f.dvk`.d j¾Kj;a lr we;' úfYaIfhka úYd, fldaú,aj, wNHka;r m%olaIsKd m:hkays
b;d úYd, l=¨kq ixLHdjla ±lsh yels fõ' tfia u fldaú, wNHka;r isú,sfï iy ì;a;s wjldYhkays
yskaÿ wd.ug wh;a úúO isoaê iy fk¿ï u,a jeks fudaia;r fhdod úÑ;%j;a lr we;'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 33

 yskaÿ fldaú,l ìï ie,eiau

4 2 1 1' f.damqrï
2' uKavmh
3' m%olaIsKd m:h
4' .¾N .Dyh

yskaÿ fldaú,l me;s fmkqu

3 2

.¾N .Dyfha ieleiau

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 34

f.da m q r ï

yskaÿ fldaú,l we;s úfYaI wx.h jkafka f.damqrï h' fuh fldaúf,a ndysr wx.hla f,iska y÷kajd
Èh yels h' tfia u w,xlrK yd úia;rd;aul uQ¾;s leghïj,ska nyq, .Dy ks¾udKhls' wdrïNfha §
úYd, j ks¾udKh jqj;a" j¾;udkh jk úg l%ufhka úYd,;ajh wvq jk f,i ks¾udKh fldg ;sfí'
f.damqrï iys; f.dvke`.s,af,a jy, u; f.damqrï idod we;af;a jHdc f,i uy,a .Kkdjla we;s nj
fmkakqï lsÍug h' fuu f.damqrï ;=< fujeks jHdc uy,a myg jeä ixLHdjla fhdod we;s w;r úYd,
fldaú,aj, uy,a 20la mjd olajd we;'

úudk

l=¨kq

f.damqrl oelafjk iEu uy,l u my; ud,fha we;s m%Odk fodrgqj fl<ska jQ úYd, fodr ljq¿jg
idfmalaI j fodr ljq¿ olajd we;' tu ljq¿ fomi úYd, foaj rEm folla ks¾udKh lr ;sfí' tajd úudk
f,i ye¢kafõ' fuu iEu uy,l u úudkhl u yskaÿ wd.ug wh;a Ysj" md¾j;S" úIaKq" ialkao" ld,s"
.fKaI" n%yau wdÈ foújreka o ykquka;d" kkaÈ wdÈ rEm nyq, j wUd ;sfí'

fuu rEm r;=" ks,a" frdai" ly" fld<" l¿" iqÿ yd w¿ hk j¾K fhdod §ma;su;a f,i w,xldrj;a
lr ;sfí' fï wdldrhg f.dv kef`.k f.damqrï w;sYh ixlS¾K ks¾udKhla fõ'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 35

 l% s i a ; s h dks foa j ia : dk

YS% ,xldfõ l%sia;shdks wd.ug wod< foajia:dk ks¾udKh lsÍu mD;=.SiSka ,xldjg meñKSu;a iu`.
we/ô ;sfí' bka miqj meñKs ,kafoais iy bx.%Sis cd;Ska g o Tjqkaf.a wd.ñl lghq;= isÿ lsÍfï iy wd.u
m%p,s; lsÍfï wjYH;djh Wfoid l%sia;shdks foajia:dk f.dvk.d ;sfí' uq,a u hq.fha § uqyqÿ nv m%foaY
wdY%s; j;a" miq ld,Sk j rg wNHka;rfha;a Y%S ,xldfõ iEu m%foaYhla u wdjrKh jk mßÈ l%sia;shdks
foajia:dk bÈ lr ;sfí'

l%sia;shdks foajia:dk .%Sl yd frdau .Dy ks¾udK Ys,am l%uhg wkqj f.dvk.kq ,efí' fïjdfha
wdfõKsl ,laIK jkafka Wia jQ .klu ì;a;s" wdrelal= iy W,a yeve;s ljq¿ iys; jQ cfk,a fodrj,a"
m<,a fldßfvda" úYd, wdrelal=" ;%sfldaKdldr jy, wdÈh hs' fï foajia:dk j, ìï ie,eiau fndfyda úg
l=reihl yevh .kS' tu yevhg wkqj ks¾udKh jk f.dvke.s,a, ;=< w,a;drh" ldur" Èla Yd,dj"
ia;ïN fma<sh" nhsn,h lshjk ia:dkh iy msúiqï fodrgq wdÈh fjka fjka jYfhka f.dvk`.d ;sfí'

ls ; = k q
1' w,a;drh foa j ia : dkhl
2' ldur ìï ie,eia u
3' Èla Yd,dj
4' ia;ïN^l=¨kq&
5' nhsn,h lshjk ia:dkh
6' msúiqï fodrgqj

w,a;drh Èla Yd,dj ia;ïN

l%sia;shdks foajia:dkhl wNHka;rfha we;s m%Odk wx.hla jkafka w,a;drh iy Èla Yd,dj hs' Wia
fõÈldjl bÈ jQ w,a;drh wi, foaj m%;sudjla ks¾udKh lr ;sfí' Èla Yd,dj ne;su;=kaf.a wd.ñl
lghq;= i|yd fjka lr ;sfí' l%sia;shdks foajia:dkhl ndysr yevh iy tys we;s ljq¿" cfk,a" fodrj,a"
fudaia;r wdÈh Ndú; lr we;s l%uh wkqj f.d;sla iy frdaudkq l%uh hkqfjka m%Odk ffY,s follg fnfoa'

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 36

 f.d;sla ffY,sh

l=reish
o< nEjqï iys; jy,

W,a jQ ;=vq iys;

fuys uQ,sl yevh f.d;sla .Dyks¾udK Ys,am l%uh wkqj ks¾udKh fldg ;sfí' tfuka u" fuu
ffY,shg wh;a foajia:dkj, úfYaI ,laIK jkafka W,a jQ ;=vq iys; iy o< nEjqï wdldr jy, h'
foajia:dk bÈßmi ì;a;sj, fujeks W,a jQ yev iys; fldgia lsysmhla u oelsh yels h' tys Wi u l=¨k
u; l=rei ,l=K ks¾udKh lr we;' fujeks yevfha foajia:dkj, cfk,a fodrj,a iy wfkl=;a ljq¿
mshka o W,a jQ yevhlska hqla; jk w;r tajdfha rxÔ; ùÿre
ùÿre" fudaia;rj,ska irid we;' tjeks ùÿre
iys; f.d;sla l%ufha foajia:dkhlg Y%S ,xldfõ ±lsh yels fyd| u ksoiqk jkafka fnd/,af,a ish¨
idka;=jrhkaf.a foajia:dkh hs' tys m%Odk Yd,dfõ fomi ì;a;sj, o we;s úYd, ljq¿j, o l%sia;shdks
wd.ug wh;a úúO isÿùï Ñ;%Kh lr ;sfí'

Ydka; fuf;dÈia foajia:dkh - kqjr

f;f¾id foajia:dkh

rxð; úÿre

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 37

 frda u dkq l% u fha foa j ia : dk

l=reish
jD;a;dldr ljq`Mj (Rose
window)

fndl= jy, iys;

wdrelal=j
(Round arch)

frdaudkq l%ufha foajia:dk" frdau .Dy ks¾udK Ys,am l%uh wkqj f.dvk.d ;sfí' fuu ffY,sfha
foajia:dkj, we;s úfYaI ,laIK jkafka fndl= jy," iu`. rjqï yeve;s wdrelal=" cfk,a" fodr ljq¿
fhdod ;sîu hs' bÈßmi jy, ;s%sfldaKdldr yevhla .kS' foajia:dkh wNHka;rfha Wia jQ fõÈldjla u;
w,a;drh idod we;s w;r" Èla jQ Yd,djla o fõ' w,a;drh u; foaj m%;sud ks¾udKh lr ;sfí' foajia:dkh
bÈßmi ì;a;sfha by< we;s ;s%sfldaKdldr yevh iys; fldgfia jD;a;dldr ljq¿la fhdod we;s w;r th
''Rose window" kñka ye¢kafõ'

Ydka; wkaf;daks foajia:dkh

Ydka; ußhd foajia:dkh

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 38

 uq i a , s ï m,a , s h

ueo fmrÈ. rgj, isg Y%S ,xldjg úúO wjYH;d Wfoid uqia,sïjreka meñKSfï m%;sM,hla f,i
furg uqia,sï m,a,s ks¾udKh úh' uqia,sï m,a,sh f.dvkef`.kafka wrdì .Dy ks¾udK Ys,am l%uhg wkqj
hs' tu .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhg wkqj uqia,sï m,a,shla f.dvke`.Sfï § W,a jQ ;=vla iys; YsLrh fh§u
wksjd¾h ,laIKhla fõ' th zzl=cdZZ hk kñka o ye¢kafõ' iïmQ¾K f.dvke`.s,af,a u jy, wkdjrKh
jk f,i fuu YsLrh f.dvk`.d ;sfí' tfuka u f.dvke.s,a, fomi ne| we;s Wia jQ l=¨k u; wv i| iy
;rejl rEm fhdod ;sfí'

A - wv i`o yd ;rej
B - YsLrh $l=*d$ l=ïnd
(Dome)
C - ñkd¾$ñkfrÜ

m,a,s wNHka;rh ir, j f.dv k`.d we;s w;r we;eï m,a,sj, we;=<; ì;a;sj, yd isú,sfï
,shje,a yd u,a fudaia;r we| ;sfí' uqia,sï wd.ug wod< mdG wrdì wlaIrj,ska w,xldr f,i ,shd ;sfí' Y%S
,xldfõ uqi,
a ï
s m,a,s ;=< fïjd olakg fkdue;s jqj;a" fjk;a rgj, f.dvk`.d we;s uqi,
a ï
s m,a,s wNHka;rfha
l=¨kq" ì;a;s yd isú,su" fmdf<dj wdÈ ia:dk leghñj,ska yd is;=jïj,ska w,xldr lr ;sfí'

úúO yev u;= j k f,i ,s h k ,o wrdì wCIr

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 39

 wdY% s ; .% % k a : kdudj,s h

l=udriajdñ" wdkkao'
1994' uOHld,Sk isxy, l,dj
l,dj" fld<U( cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr fomd¾;fïka;=j'

pd,aia" tia' mS'

1994' mdrïmrsl isxy, ieris,s fudaia;r
r" f.dvf.a iy ifydorfhda'

pd,aia" tia' mS'

2000' merKs ì;=is;=jï" uOHu ixialD;sl wruqo," fld<U( rcfha uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j'

niakdhl" tÉ' à'

1998' mqrd;k bka§h YsIagdpdrh" .=Kfiak iud.u'

nIdï" ta' t,a'

1995' wisßu;a bkaÈhdj
hdj" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

mrKú;dk" fikr;a'
1963' ,xldfõ ia;+mh" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

úl%u.uf.a" pkaød'
2009' ia;+m" ;rxcs mskag¾ia'

isrsfidau" tï'tÉ'
1993' od.eí mQrdKh" mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j'

Adums, A. Schneider.
2008. A History of western Art, John ay College and the Graduate Center City,
University of Newyork.

Albers, Josef.
1975. Interaction of Color, New Haven, conn: Yale University Press.

Gilbert, Rita.
1995. Living With Art, 4th ed: America, Pillip A. Butcher,

Janson, H.W.
2011. History of Art: The Western Tradition, Londan: laurence King
Publishing Ltd.

Silva, Roland.
2004. Tupa, Thupagara and Thupa- Pasada, Dipartment of Archaeology.

Ñ;% l,dj 6 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshúï fmd; 40