Aerodynamics

HOMEWORK 1
2012-2013

1. Introduction to aerodynamics
(i) what is Aerodynamics?
(ii) Please make some classification of aerodynamics and explain clearly each classification
(iii) Aerodynamic problems are normally solved using conservation laws as applied to a fluid continuum.
Please explain briefly the three conservation laws.
(iv) what are incompressible and compressible flows? Please explain

2. Review of vector relation

(i) inner product : what force in the rope in the following figure will hold a car of 2000 kg in equilibrium if
the ramp makes an angle of 25o with the horizontal?

Figure 1

(ii) Vector product: find the moment of the force p about the center Q of a wheel, as given in the following
figure

Figure 2

(iii) Scalar triple product. A tetrahedron is determined by three edge vectors a, b, c as indicated in figure 3.
Find the volume of the tetrahedron in figure 3 when a = [2,0,3], b=[0,4,1] and c=[5,6,0]

Figure 3

(iv) Divergence of vector field. Let v(x,yz) be a differentiable vector function where x, y, z are Cartesian
coordinates, and let v1, v2, v3 be the components of v. then the function of

is called the divergence of v. Please find div v if v = [3x2z, 2xy3, -y2z]

(v) the gradient of a function f is defined as the vector function

Please find grad f, if f(x,y,z) = 2x3 + 4xz2 + 3z

(vi) the curl of a vector function v of the vector field given by v is defined as:

Please find curl v if v = [yz, 3zx, z] = yz i+ 3zx j + z k

3. Basic concept and definition

(i) Wing Geometry
Please explain the definition of the following wing geometry: wing span, wing area, taper ratio, aspect
ratio, sweep back angle, dihedral and anhedral angle

(ii) Dimensional Analysis: in wind tunnel test, we know a very important parameter which is Reynold’s
number defined as VD/. Please explain the Reynold’s number and its utilization in aerodynamic.

(iii) Dynamic similarity. An aircraft and some scale models of it are tested under various conditions given
below. Which cases are dynamically similar to the aircraft in flight at 6000 m, given as case (A)

Case A Case B case C case D case E case F

Span (m) 10 3 2 3 1 3
Relative density .533 1 3 1 10 10
Temperature (oC) -24.6 +15 +15 +15 +15 +15
Speed (TAS) (ms-1) 100 100 100 75 54 54

It may be assumed that the dynamic viscosity is related to the temperature as follows:

( )
3/ 4
μ T
=
μ0 T 0

where T0 = 273oC and 0 = 1.71 x 10-5 kg m-1 s-1.