ROGERS- AUTOMATION

PLATFORMS
(PROJECT ID#30763)

Knowledge Transfer Session#1

April 1, 2020

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 AGENDA
Day 1 – Session 1

Topics

• Introduction to Python
• Presenter : Yajna and Abhishek

• Introduction to DevOps
• Presenter : Abhishek

• LUNCH BREAK

• Introduction to Jenkins
• Presenter : Abhishek

• Introduction to Gitlab
• Presenter : Yajna

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 AGENDA
• Why learn Python

• History

• Characteristics of Python

• Python Syntax

• Python Data Types

• Functions

• Main function

• Modules Identifiers Conventions

• Reserved Words Quotations And Error Handling

• Regular Expressions

• OOPs
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WHY LEARN A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

FOR NETWORK ENGINEER

• Large number of python libraries exist that help

with network automation transforming python into
powerful automation tool

• Ability to extend and customize tools like Ansible

and Salt with custom python modules

• Understand and debug existing tools by reading

source code

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HISTORY

ABOUT PYTHON

• Python is an object-oriented programming language created

by Dutch programmer named Guido Rossum in 1989
• He named it after the television show Monty Python's Flying
Circus
• Many large companies use the Python programming
language include NASA, Google, YouTube, BitTorrent, etc.
• Python programming is widely used in Artificial Intelligence,
Natural Language Generation, Neural Networks and other
advanced fields of Computer Science
• Python source code is also available under the GNU General
Public License (GPL)

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ABOUT PYTHON
SALIENT FEATURES
• Python is a high-level, interpreted,
interactive and object-oriented
scripting language.
• Python is designed to be highly
readable. It uses English keywords
frequently where as other languages
use punctuation, and it has fewer
syntactical constructions than other
languages.
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SALIENT FEATURES
• Python is Interpreted − Python is
processed at runtime by the
interpreter. You do not need to
compile your program before
executing it. This is similar to PERL and
PHP.
• Python is Interactive − You can
actually sit at a Python prompt and
interact with the interpreter directly to
write your programs.
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SALIENT FEATURES
• Python is Object-Oriented − Python
supports Object-Oriented style or
technique of programming that
encapsulates code within objects.
• Python is a Beginner's Language −
Python is a great language for the
beginner-level programmers and
supports the development of a wide
range of applications from simple text
processing to browsers to games.
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CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS

• It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP

• It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for building large applications.

• It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type checking.

• It supports automatic garbage collection.

• It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

Program execution

Source Code is run Python code is Source Code is run

START through python translated to byte through python STOP
interpreter (.py) code (.pyc) interpreter (.py)

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APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS OF PYTHON

• Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax
• Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
• Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
• A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and
Macintosh.
• Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
• Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same interface on all platforms.
• Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or customize
their tools to be more efficient.
• Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
• GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows
systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
• Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell scripting.

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PYTHON SYNTAX

SYNTAX

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PYTHON DATA TYPES

IMMUTABLE DATATYPES MUTABLE DATATYPES

• Number: This datatype used to store

numerical values. (int, float, complex)
• Strings: Strings datatype in Python are
used to store textual information.
• A tuple is a collection which is ordered
and unchangeable.
FEW EXAMPLES
• Lists: A list is a data structure
in Python that is a mutable, or
changeable, ordered sequence of
elements
• Python dictionary is an unordered
collection of items. Dictionary has a
key: value pair.
• A set is an unordered collection of
items with no duplicate elements.

• x = "Hello World” x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

• x = 20 x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36}
• x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry”, ”apple”) x= {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

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FUNCTION IN PYTHON

BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS ANONYMOUS FUNCTIONS

The Python interpreter has a number of User-defined functions are written by Anonymous functions are also called
functions and types built into it that are the developers to meet certain lambda functions in Python because
always available requirements. instead of declaring them with the
• sum() Function definition standard def keyword,
the lambda keyword is used.
• min() Function call
• max() Function arguments
Example: double = lambda x: x * 2
• set() Global vs Local Variables
print(double(5))
• sorted()

PYTHON RECURSION

A recursive function is a function defined in terms of itself via

self-referential expressions.
Example: Factorial , Fibonacci series solution

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PYTHON MAIN FUNCTION
MAIN FUNCTION

• PYTHON MAIN FUNCTION is a starting point of any

program.
• When the program is run, the python interpreter runs the
code sequentially.
• Main function is executed only when it is run as a Python
program.
• It will not run the main function if it imported as a
module.

EXAMPLE

• It is because we did not declare the call function "if

__name__== "__main__"

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PYTHON MAIN FUNCTION

PYTHON MAIN AND NAME VARIABLE TWO TYPES OF USAGE FOR MAIN

• When Python interpreter reads a source file, it will execute

all the code found in it.

• When Python runs the "source file" as the main program, it

sets the special variable (__name__) to have a value
("__main__").

• In Python "if __name__== "__main__" allows you to run

the Python files either as reusable modules or
standalone programs.

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MODULES
MODULE
• A module allows you to logically
organize your Python code.
• Grouping related code into a module
makes the code easier to understand
and use.
• A module is a Python object with
arbitrarily named attributes that you
can bind and reference.
• Simply, a module is a file consisting of
Python code. A module can define
functions, classes and variables. A
module can also include runnable
code.
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MODULE IMPORT TYPES - IMPORT
• You can use any Python source file as a
module by executing an import statement
in some other Python source file.
The import has the following syntax
– import module1[, module2[,... module]
• When the interpreter encounters an
import statement, it imports the module
if the module is present in the search path
• A module is loaded only once, regardless
of the number of times it is imported. This
prevents the module execution from
happening over and over again if multiple
imports occur.
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THE FROM...IMPORT <NAME> STATEMENT
• Python's from statement lets you
import specific attributes from a
module into the current namespace.
The from...import has the following
syntax −
– from modname import name1[,
name2[, ... nameN]]
• This statement does not import the
entire module fib into the current
namespace; it just introduces the item
fibonacci from the module fib into the
global symbol table of the importing
module.
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MODULES

THE FROM...IMPORT * STATEMENT LOCATING MODULES SYS MODULE

• It is also possible to import all names
from a module into the current
namespace by using the following
import statement −
– from modname import *
• This provides an easy way to import
all the items from a module into the
current namespace; however, this
statement should be used sparingly.
• When you import a module, the
Python interpreter searches for the
module in the following sequences
– The current directory.
– If the module isn't found, Python
then searches each directory in the
shell variable PYTHONPATH.
– If all else fails, Python checks the
default path. On UNIX, this default
path is normally
/usr/local/lib/python/.
• The module search path is stored in
the system module sys as
the sys.path variable. The sys.path
variable contains the current directory,
PYTHONPATH, and the installation-
dependent default.
• The PYTHONPATH is an environment
variable, consisting of a list of
directories. The syntax of
PYTHONPATH is the same as that of
the shell variable PATH.

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IDENTIFIERS AND CONVENTIONS

PYTHON IDENTIFIERS CONVENTIONS

• A Python identifier is a name used to identify a
variable, function, class, module or other object. An
identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an
underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters,
underscores and digits (0 to 9)
• Class names start with an uppercase letter. All
other identifiers start with a lowercase letter.
• Starting an identifier with a single leading
underscore indicates that the identifier is private.

• Python does not allow punctuation characters such

as @, $, and % within identifiers. Python is a case • Starting an identifier with two leading underscores
sensitive programming language. indicates a strongly private identifier.

• If the identifier also ends with two trailing

underscores, the identifier is a language-defined
special name.

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RESERVED WORDS AND QUOTATIONS

RESERVED WORDS MULTILINE STATEMENTS AND QUOTATIONS

• Statements in Python typically end with a new line. Python

does, however, allow the use of the line continuation
character (\) to denote that the line should continue.
– total = item_one + \
item_two + \
item_three

• Statements contained within the [], {}, or () brackets do not

need to use the line continuation character.
days = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday’,
'Thursday', 'Friday’]

• Python accepts single ('), double (") and triple (''' or """)
quotes to denote string literals, as long as the same type of
quote starts and ends the string.

• The triple quotes are used to span the string across multiple
lines

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REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

RE MODULE

• A regular expression is a special sequence of characters that helps you match or find other strings or sets of
strings, using a specialized syntax held in a pattern

• Python re module

– re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)

– re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)

• match checks for a match only at the beginning of the string, while search checks for a match anywhere in
the string
• The re.match and re.search function return a match object on success, None on failure. We
usegroup(num) or groups() function of match object to get matched expression.

#!/usr/bin/python
import re
line = "Cats are smarter than dogs"
matchObj = re.match( r'(.*) are (.*?) .*', line, re.I)

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ERROR HANDLING
TYPES OF ERRORS
• Python provides two very important
features to handle any unexpected
error in your Python programs and to
add debugging capabilities in them −
– Assertions
– Exception handling
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ASSERTION
• assert Expression[, Arguments]
When it encounters an assert statement,
Python evaluates the accompanying
expression, which is hopefully true. If the
expression is false, Python raises
an AssertionError exception.
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EXCEPTION HANDLING
• If you have some suspicious code that
may raise an exception, you can
defend your program by placing the
suspicious code in a
– try: block
– except: statement,
followed by a block of code which
handles the problem as elegantly as
possible.
• An exception is an event, which occurs
during the execution of a program that
disrupts the normal flow of the
program's instructions..
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OOPS

OOPS TYPES ANALOGY

• procedure-oriented : blocks of
statements which manipulate data
• Another way of organizing your
program which is to combine data and
functionality and wrap it inside
something called an object.
• This is called the object
oriented programming paradigm.
• Classes and objects are the two main
aspects of object oriented
programming.
• A class creates a
new type where objects are instances
of the class.
• variables that store integers are
variables which are instances (objects)
of the int class
• Variables that belong to an object or
class are referred to as fields. Objects
can also have functionality by using
functions that belong to a class. Such
functions are called methods of the
class.

• the fields and methods can be

referred to as the attributes of that
class.

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OOPS
SELF
• Class methods have only one specific
difference from ordinary functions
– they must have an extra first name
that has to be added to the
beginning of the parameter list,
– but you do not give a value for this
parameter when you call the
method,
– Python will provide it.
$ python oop_init.py
Hello, my name is Rogers
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SAMPLE CLASS __INIT__ AND INHERITANCE
class Person: • The __init__ method is run as soon as
an object of a class is instantiated
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name • The method is useful to do
any initialization (
def say_hi(self):
print('Hello, my name is', self.name) • Notice the double underscores both
at the beginning and at the end of the
p = Person(‘Rogers’) name.
p.say_hi()
• One of the major benefits of object
# The previous 2 lines can also be written as #
oriented programming is reuse of
Person('Swaroop').say_hi()
code and one of the ways this is
achieved is through
the inheritance mechanism.
Inheritance can be best imagined as
implementing a type and
subtype relationship between classes.
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 Q&A

Thank You

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