KUHNIAN THEORY

“PARADIGM SHIFT”
SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

PRESENTED BY : ME
 KUHNIAN
A PHILOSOPHY OR PERTAINING TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THOMAS KUHN, ESPECIALLY THE
THEORIES IN HIS BOOK THE STRUCTURE OF
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS.
 .

“ SCIENCE DOES NOT PROGRESS VIA A LINEAR

ACCUMULATION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE, BUT
UNDERGOES PERIODIC REVOLUTIONS, ALSO CALLED
"PARADIGM SHIFTS“.”
THOMAS SAMUEL
KUHN
 PARADIGM
A BASIC FRAMEWORK OF ASSUMPTIONS,
PRINCIPALS AND METHODS FROM WHICH THE
MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY WORK OR IN SHORT,
IT IS THE WORLD VIEW OR SOCIETIES BELIEFS ON
HOW THEY SEES THE WORLD.
 PARADIGM SHIFT
A MAJOR CHANGE IN THE WORLD
VIEW, CONCEPTS, AND PRACTICES
OF HOW SOMETHING WORKS OR
IS ACCOMPLISHED
THE KUHN CYCLE
 PRE – SCIENCE

the pre-step to the main

Kuhn Cycle, there is not yet
a model of understanding
(the field's paradigm)
mature enough to solve the
field's main problems.
 NORMAL SCIENCE
RESEARCH FIRMLY BASED UPON ONE OR
MORE PAST SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS,
ACHIEVEMENTS THAT SOME PARTICULAR
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY ACKNOWLEDGES FOR
A TIME AS SUPPLYING THE FOUNDATION FOR
ITS FURTHER PRACTICE.
 MODEL DRIFT
THE MODEL ALLOWS A FIELD'S MEMBERS TO
SOLVE PROBLEMS OF INTEREST. WHEN ISSUES,
PROBLEMS, OR PHENOMENON APPEAR THE
MODEL CANNOT HANDLE, THE MODEL BEGINS TO
DRIFT AWAY FROM NORMAL SCIENCE. AS SOON
AS MORE THAN A SMALL AMOUNT OF DRIFT
OCCURS, THE FIELD'S PARADIGM IS SAID TO BE IN
MODEL DRIFT.
 MODEL CRISIS
IN THIS STEP A FIELD'S MODEL OF
UNDERSTANDING HAS DRIFTED SO FAR THE
FIELD IS THROWN INTO CRISIS, BECAUSE
THEY CAN NO LONGER MAKE RATIONAL
DECISIONS. THEIR FOUNDATION FOR
SOLVING THEIR CENTRAL PROBLEMS HAS
BEEN SHATTERED BY DISCOVERY OF TOO
MANY ANOMALIES THEIR CENTRAL THEORY
CANNOT EXPLAIN.
 MODEL REVOLUTION

THE MODEL REVOLUTION

STEP BEGINS WHEN ONE OR
MORE COMPETING NEW
MODELS EMERGE FROM THE
CRISIS THIS STEP COULD
ALSO BE CALLED THE
SEARCH FOR A NEW MODEL
THAT WORKS STEP
 PARADIGM CHANGE/SHIFT

THE NEW PARADIGM IS TAUGHT TO

NEWCOMERS TO THE FIELD, AS
WELL AS TO THOSE ALREADY IN IT.
WHEN THE NEW PARADIGM
BECOMES THE GENERALLY
ACCEPTED GUIDE TO ONE'S WORK,
THE STEP IS COMPLETE. THE FIELD
IS NOW BACK TO THE NORMAL
SCIENCE STEP AND A KUHN CYCLE
IS COMPLETE.
CO2 EMISSIONS

Evolution
GERMS ORBIT OF THE SUN
Pakikinig!!