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Physics investigatory project

Mathematics Class 10 (Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal)

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO1

TIRUPATHI

PROJECT ON
To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of
incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.
Physics (042)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr.Reddy Babu
Done By
P.SANTHOSHINI

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that P.SANTHOSHINIof class XII-A has completed the physics
project entitled “TO FIND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT
LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW PRISM” under the guidance of her physics
teacher Mr.REDDY BABU .The progress of the project has been continuously
reported and has been acknowledged consistently.

(Physics Teacher) PRINCIPAL

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to owe the sense of gratitude to our physics teacher
Mr.REDDY BABU for his consistent guidance, support and
encouragement without which this project would not able to
exist in present shape.

I would also like to thank our Principal Mrs.Anuradha, my parents for

their blessings and my friends for their help in order to complete the
project.

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C
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Aim:
To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using a
hollow prism filled one by one, with different
transparent fluids.

To find
refractive index of
different liquids using
hollow prism.

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THEORY
PRISM: A prism is a transparent optical element with
flat, polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can
be made from any material that is transparent
including glass,plastic and fluorite.
A prism can be used to break light up into its
constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used
to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarizations.

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REFRACTION:

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:

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Where:
= refractive index of the liquid
= the angle of minimum deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism
FLUIDS REFRACTIVE
INDEX

Water 1.33

Glycerine 1.47

Ethyl Alcohol 1.36

Vegetable Oil 1.45

Acetone 1.36

HCl 1.34

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PROCEDURE
O Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
o Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
o Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
o Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in
the straight line.
o Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
o Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
o Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points
so obtained.
▪ Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
o Repeat this with different liquids and different angle
of incidence.

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OBSERVATION

HCL

S.No. i e d A

1. 35 48 24 60

2. 40 52 30 60

3. 45 42 25 60

4. 50 36 26 60

5. 55 32 28 60

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Ethyl alcohol

S.No. i e d A

1. 35 52 26 60

2. 40 44 25 60

3. 45 41 25 60

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4. 50 36 26 60

5. 55 32 27 60

Benzaldehyde

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Calculation
Refractive index of water

refractive index of benzaldehyde

refractive index of hcl

=1.34
refractive index of ethyl alcohol

=1.36

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RESULT
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.36
● CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL
o EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34
o CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF WATER
● EXPERIMENTAL-1.306
● ACTUAL: 1.33

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF BENZALDEHYDE

● ACTUAL: 1.546
● EXPERIMENTAL: 1.504

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PRECAUTIONS
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
o Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
o Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
o Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
o Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

● wikipedia.org

● google.com

● physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com}

● earthphysics.com

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