Analytic Mechanics 1

CLO-1: Define and explain principles of engineering mechanics (i.e. statics)

related to civil engineering domain.
CLO-4: Prepare free body diagrams of real case phenomenon considering
engineering point of view.
❖ Draw free body diagrams for problems in statics.
❖ Analyze simple structures, frames and machines and friction problem.
❖ Compute the centroid, center of mass and moments of inertia of a body.

Free Body Diagrams

❖ Syllabus 3~4 ✔
✔
Definition,
Procedure For Drawing Free Body Diagrams,
✔ Two Force Members, Gravitation Force,
✔ Reactions At Supports And Connections,
✔ Smooth Surface.
Prof. Dr. Engr. Muhammad Abu Eusuf, P.
Sunday, 22 January, 2023
Eng
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The crane is lifting a load. To decide if the straps holding the load to Attendance
the crane hook will fail, you need to know the force in the straps. COMPULSORY
How could you find the forces?
For a spool of given weight, how would
you find the forces in cables AB and AC?
If designing a spreader bar like this one,
you need to know the forces to make sure
the rigging doesn’t fail.

For a given force exerted on the

boat’s towing pendant, what are
the forces in the bridle cables?
What size of cable must you use?
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THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW OF A Free-body Diagram (FBD)

Procedure For Drawing Free Body Diagrams

FBDs are one of the most important things for you to know how to draw and use for statics and other
subjects!

What? - It is a drawing that shows all external forces acting on the particle.
Why? - It is key to being able to write the equations of equilibrium—which are used to solve for the
unknowns (usually forces or angles).

How? 1. Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut free from its surroundings.
2. Show all the forces that act on the particle.

Active forces: They want to move the particle. How?

Reactive forces: They tend to resist the motion.
3. Identify each force and show all known magnitudes and directions. Show all
unknown magnitudes and / or directions as variables.
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Equilibrium of Particles
COPLANAR FORCE

Equilibrium of a particle: SYSTEMS (Section 3.3)

• Condition for the equilibrium of particle;

• Newton’s laws of motion
• The free-body diagram and
• Forces in space.

This is an example of a 2-D or coplanar force system.

If the whole assembly is in equilibrium, then particle A is also in equilibrium.
To determine the tensions in the cables for a given weight of cylinder, you need to
learn how to draw a free-body diagram and apply the equations of equilibrium.
Since particle A is in equilibrium, the In general, for a particle in equilibrium, Σ F = 0 or
net force at A is zero. Σ Fx i + Σ Fy j = 0 = 0 i + 0 j (a vector equation)
So FB + FC + FD = 0 Or, written in a scalar form, Fx = 0 and Σ Fy = 0
or Σ F = 0 These are two scalar equations of equilibrium (E-of-E). They
Sunday, 22 January, 2023
can be used to solve for up to two unknowns.
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COPLANAR FORCE

EQUATIONS OF 2-D EQUILIBRIUM

SYSTEMS (Section 3.3)

y
FBD at A
FB
30˚
FD A A x

FC = 392.4 N

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Simple Springs Cables and Pulleys Example
Given:
The box weighs 550
N and geometry is as
shown.
Find:
The forces in the
T1
ropes AB and AC.
T2
Plan:

Equilibrium of Particles
Spring Force 1. Draw a FBD for point A.
With a frictionless pulley 2. Apply the E-of-E to solve for the forces in ropes
F= spring constant * and cable AB and AC.
deformation of spring T1 = T2.
or F = k * s

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Example
Given:
The box weighs 550
N and geometry is as

Equilibrium of Particles
shown.
Find:
The forces in the
ropes AB and AC.
Plan:
1. Draw a FBD for point A.
2. Apply the E-of-E to solve for the forces in ropes AB
and AC.

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Group Problem Solving
Given: The mass of
lamp is 20 kg and
geometry is as shown.
Find: The force in

Equilibrium of Particles
each cable.
Plan:

1. Draw a FBD for Point D.

2. Apply E-of-E at Point D to solve for the unknowns
(FCD & FDE).
3. Knowing FCD, repeat this process at point C.

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Group Problem Solving

Equilibrium of Particles
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Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to solve 3-D particle equilibrium problems by
a) Drawing a 3-D free-body diagram, and
b) Applying the 3- scalar equations (based on one vector equation) of equilibrium.

The Equations of 3-d Equilibrium

When a particle is in equilibrium, the

Three dimensional force system

vector sum of all the forces acting on it
must be zero
(Σ F = 0 ) .
This equation can be written in terms of
its x, y, and z components. This form is
written as follows.
(Σ Fx) i + (Σ Fy) j + (Σ Fz) k = 0
This vector equation will be satisfied only when
Σ Fx = 0; Σ Fy = 0; Σ Fz = 0
These equations are the three scalar equations of equilibrium. They are valid for
any point in equilibrium and allow you to solve for up to three unknowns. Sunday, 22 January, 2023
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Example 1
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Equating the respective i, j, k components to zero, we have EXAMPLE II
Σ Fx = 76.8 – 600 + Fx = 0 ; solving gives Fx = 523.2 N Given: A 600-N load is
Σ Fy = 240 – 102.4 + Fy = 0 ; solving gives Fy = – 137.6 N supported by three
cords with the geometry
Σ Fz = 180 – 900 + 153.6 + Fz = 0 ; solving gives Fz = 566.4 N
as shown.
Thus, F5 = {523 i – 138 j + 566 k} N Find: The tension in cords AB,
AC and AD.

Example 1 and Example 2

Using this force vector, you can determine the force’s magnitude
and coordinate direction angles as needed. Plan:

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EXAMPLE II
Given: A 600-N load is supported by three cords with the geometry as shown.
Find: The tension in cords AB, AC and AD.
Plan:

Example 2
FB = FB (sin 30° i + cos 30° j) N = {0.5 FB i + 0.866 FB j} N
FC = – FC i N
FD = FD (rAD /rAD) = FD { (1 i – 2 j + 2 k) / (12 + 22 + 22)½ } N
= { 0.333 FD i – 0.667 FD j + 0.667 FD k } N Sunday, 22 January, 2023
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EXAMPLE II
Given: A 600-N load is supported by three cords with the geometry as shown.
Find: The tension in cords AB, AC and AD.
Plan:

Example 2
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Group Problem Solving

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Group Problem Solving

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Group Problem Solving

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Determine the force developed in each cable used to support the 40kN crate.
FBD AT POINT A
TO EXPOSE ALL THREE UNKNOWN FORCES IN THE CABLES.
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
EXPRESSING EACH FORCES IN CARTESIAN VECTORS,
FB = FB(RB / RB)

Group Problem Solving

= -0.318FBI – 0.424FBJ + 0.848FBK
FC = FC (RC / RC)
= -0.318FCI – 0.424FCJ + 0.848FCK
F D = F DI
W = -40K

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Determine the force developed in each cable used to support the 40kN crate.
FBD AT POINT A FOR EQUILIBRIUM,
To Expose All Three Unknown Forces In The Cables. ∑F = 0; FB + FC + FD + W = 0
Equations Of Equilibrium -0.318FBI – 0.424FBJ + 0.848FBK - 0.318FCI
Expressing Each Forces In Cartesian Vectors, – 0.424F J + 0.848F K + F I - 40K = 0
C C D
FB = FB(RB / RB)
∑FX = 0; -0.318FB - 0.318FC + FD = 0
= -0.318FBI – 0.424FBJ + 0.848FBK

Group Problem Solving

FC = FC (RC / RC) ∑FY = 0; – 0.424FB – 0.424FC = 0
= -0.318FCI – 0.424FCJ + 0.848FCK ∑FZ = 0; 0.848FB + 0.848FC - 40 = 0
F D = F DI
W = -40K SOLVING,
FB = FC = 23.6KN
FD = 15.0KN

Sunday, 22 January, 2023

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20

Reactions At Supports And Connections

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Reactions At Supports And Connections

where
r = number of support reactions.
Fi = number of reaction forces transmitted
by an internal hinge or internal roller.
m = number of member

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1) When a particle is in equilibrium, the sum of forces acting on it equals ___ . (Choose the
most appropriate answer)
A) A constant B) A positive number C) Zero
D) A negative number E) An integer
2) For a frictionless pulley and cable, tensions in the cable (T1 and T2) are related as _____ .
A) T1 > T2
B) T1 = T2
C) T1 < T2
D) T1 = T2 sin θ

Quizzes
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Quizzes
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Quizzes
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5. Particle P is in equilibrium with five (5) forces acting on it in 3-D space. How many scalar
equations of equilibrium can be written for point P?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
6. In 3-D, when a particle is in equilibrium, which of the following equations apply?
A) (Σ Fx) i + (Σ Fy) j + (Σ Fz) k = 0 ; B) Σ F = 0
C) Σ Fx = Σ Fy = Σ Fz = 0; D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
z
7. Four forces act at point A and point A is in equilibrium.
Select the correct force vector P. F3 = 10 N
P
A) {-20 i + 10 j – 10 k} N F2 = 10 N

B) {-10 i – 20 j – 10 k} N F1 = 20 N A y

Quizzes
C) {+ 20 i – 10 j – 10 k} N
D) None of the above. x

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5. Particle P is in equilibrium with five (5) forces acting on it in 3-D space. How many scalar
equations of equilibrium can be written for point P?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
6. In 3-D, when a particle is in equilibrium, which of the following equations apply?
A) (Σ Fx) i + (Σ Fy) j + (Σ Fz) k = 0 ; B) Σ F = 0
C) Σ Fx = Σ Fy = Σ Fz = 0; D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
z
7. Four forces act at point A and point A is in equilibrium.
Select the correct force vector P. F3 = 10 N
A) {-20 i + 10 j – 10 k} N P
F2 = 10 N
B) {-10 i – 20 j – 10 k} N
C) {+ 20 i – 10 j – 10 k} N F1 = 20 N A y

Quizzes
D) None of the above. x
8. In 3-D, when you don’t know the direction or the magnitude of a force, how many
unknowns do you have corresponding to that force?
A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four Sunday, 22 January, 2023
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The End .
Thank you very much
for patience hearing

Sunday, 22 January, 2023