A

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON

“NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6 ”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEEERING

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY

1) Varad Brijesh Patel 2100940049

2) Parmeshwar Shivhari Bhandekar 2100900059
3) Nitin Bhagwan Balure 2100940065

GUIDED BY
Swapnil Kamble sir
( Lecturer In Computer Department )

( Academic year 2023-24)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JINTUR

 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: Varad Brijesh Patel Enrollment No : 2100940049

Name of Programme : Computer Engineering Semester: fifth

Course Title : Advance Computer Networking Code: 22520

Title of the Micro-Project : “ NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6 ”
Course Outcomes Achieved :
a) Implementation of network layer protocols.
b) Configure IPV6 network.
c) Configure IPV4 network using network simulator.
d) Implement various transport layer protocols.
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
Sr. Characteristic to be assessed Poor (Marks Average Good Excellent (
No. 1-3) (Marks 4 - 5) (Marks 6 - 8) Marks 9- 10 )
(A) Process and Product Assessment ( Convert above total marks out of 6)
1 Relevance to the course

2 Literature Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target as per
project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5 Quality of Prototype / Model

6 Report Preparation

(B) Individual presentation / viva ( Convert above total marks out of 4)

7 Presentation

8 Viva

Process and Product Assessment (6 marks) Individual Total Marks

(Note: The total marks taken from the above Rubrics is Presentation/Viva (4 10
to be converted in proportion of ‘6’ marks) marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name and designation of the Teacher : Swapnil Kamble sir

Dated Signature…………………………………………………………………….…………….
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: parmeshwar Shivhari bhandekari Enrollment No : 2100940059

Name of Programme : Computer Engineering. Semester: fifth

Course Title : Advance Computer Networking Code: 22520

Title of the Micro-Project : “NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6 ”
Course Outcomes Achieved
A) Implementation of network layer protocols.
B) Configure IPV6 network.
C) Configure IPV4 network using network simulator.
D) Implement various transport layer protocols.

Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be assessed Poor (Marks Average Good Excellent (
No. 1-3) (Marks 4 - 5) (Marks 6 - 8) Marks 9- 10 )
(A) Process and Product Assessment ( Convert above total marks out of 6)
1 Relevance to the course

2 Literature Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target as per
project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5 Quality of Prototype / Model

6 Report Preparation

(B) Individual presentation / viva ( Convert above total marks out of 4)

7 Presentation

8 Viva

Process and Product Assessment (6 marks) Individual Total Marks

(Note: The total marks taken from the above Rubrics is Presentation/Viva (4 10
to be converted in proportion of ‘6’ marks) marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name and designation of the Teacher : Swapnil Kamble sir

Dated Signature…………………………………………………………………….…………….
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: Nitin Bhagwan Balure Enrollment No : 2100940065

Name of Programme : Computer Engineering. Semester: fifth

Course Title : Advance Computer Networking Code: 22520

Title of the Micro-Project : “ NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6”
Course Outcomes Achieved
A) Implementation of network layer protocols.
B) Configure IPV6 network.
C) Configure IPV4 network using network simulator.
D) Implement various transport layer protocols.

Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be assessed Poor (Marks Average Good Excellent (
No. 1-3) (Marks 4 - 5) (Marks 6 - 8) Marks 9- 10 )
(A) Process and Product Assessment ( Convert above total marks out of 6)

1 Relevance to the course

2 Literature Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target as per
project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5 Quality of Prototype / Model

6 Report Preparation

(B) Individual presentation / viva ( Convert above total marks out of 4)

7 Presentation

8 Viva

Process and Product Assessment (6 marks) Individual Total Marks

(Note: The total marks taken from the above Rubrics is Presentation/Viva (4 10
to be converted in proportion of ‘6’ marks) marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name and designation of the Teacher :Swapnil Kamble sir

Dated Signature…………………………………………………………………….…………….
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JINTUR

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF PROJECT
NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6

Programme: CO
Course: ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Course code: 22520

Name of the Students:

SR.NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO.

1 VARAD PATEL 319 21009400

2 PARMESHWAR BHANDEKARI 322 2100940059

3 NITIN BALURE 325 21009400

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION .
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr.
SR.NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO.
1 VARAD PATEL 319 21009400
2 PARMESHWAR BHANDEKARI 322 2100940059
3 NITIN BALURE 325 21009400

of FIFTH Semester of Diploma Computer Engineering of Institute, Govt.

Polytechnic, Jintur (0094) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING(22520) for the academic year
2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

KAMBLE (SIR) PRAVIN KALE(SIR) DR.R.T.PACHKOR(SIR)
INTRODUCTION :-

What is IP?
An IP stands for internet protocol. An IP address is allocated to each device attached to a
network. Each device utilizes an IP address for communication. It also acts as an
identifier as this address is utilized to determine the device on a network. It defines the
technical format of the packets. Specifically, both the networks, i.e., IP and TCP, are
merged together, so together, they are referred to as a TCP/IP
It makes a virtual connection between the source and the destination.
We can also define an IP address as a numeric address allocated to each device on a
network. An IP address is allocated to each device so that the device on a network can be
determined uniquely. To facilitate the routing of packets, TCP/IP protocol utilizes logical
address known as IPv4(Internet Protocol version 4).

An IP

the address consists of two parts, i.e., the first one is a network address, and the other one
is a host address.
There are two kinds of IP addresses:
1. IPv4
2. IPv6
What is IPv4?
IPv4 is version 4 of IP. It is a current version and the most generally utilized IP address. It
is a 32-bit address written in four numbers divided by a 'dot', i.e., periods. This address…
written in four numbers divided by a 'dot', i.e., periods. This address is unique for each
device.
For example, 66.94.29.13
The above example describes the IP address in which each group of numbers divided by
periods is called an Octet. Each number in an octet is in the range of 0-255. This address
can produce 4,294,967,296 potential unique addresses.
In today's computer network world, computers do not understand IP addresses in the
standard numeric format as the computers understand the numbers in binary form only.
The binary number can be either 1 or 0. The IPv4 consists of four sets, and these sets
describe the octet. The bits in each octet represent a number.
 Each bit in an octet can be either 1 or 0. If the bit the 1, then the number it describes will
count, and if the bit is 0, then the number it represents does not count.

Illustration of 8 Bit Octet

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

The above representation illustrates the structure of an 8-bit octet.

Now, we will see how to get the binary representation of the above IP address, i.e.,
66.94.29.13
Step 1: First, we find the binary number 66.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
o get 66, we put 1 under 64 and 2 as the sum of 64 and 2 is equal to 66 (64+2=66), and
the remaining bits will be zero, as displayed above. Therefore, the binary bit version of 66
is 01000010.

Step 2: Now, we calculate the binary number 94.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
To get 94, we put 1 under 64, 16, 8, 4, and 2 as the sum of these numbers is equal to 94,
and the remaining bits will be zero. Therefore, the binary bit version of 94 is 01011110.

Step 3: The next number is 29.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Step 4: The last number is 13.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

To get 13, we put 1 under 8, 4, and 1 as the sum of these numbers is equal to 13, and the
remaining bits will be zero. Therefore, the binary bit version of 13 is 00001101.
Disadvantage of IPv4 :-

Presently, the population of the world is 7.6 billion. Every user is having more than one
device linked to the internet, and private companies also rely on the internet. As we know
that IPv4 delivers 4 billion addresses, which is not sufficient for each device linked to the
internet on a planet. Although various methods were invented, such as variable-length
masks, network address translation, port address translation, classes, and inter-domain
translation, to conserve the bandwidth of IP addresses and slow down the depletion of an IP
address. In these methods, public IP is transformed into a private IP due to which the user
having public IP can also utilize the internet. But still, this was not so efficient, so it gave
rise to the development of the next generation of IP addresses, i.e., IPv6.

What is IPv6?

IPv4 makes 4 billion addresses, and the developers think that

these addresses are sufficient, but they were wrong. IPv6 is the
next generation of IP addresses. The main distinction between
IPv4 and IPv6 is the address size of IP addresses. IPv4 is a 32-
bit address, whereas IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address.
IPv6 delivers a big address space, and it includes a simple
header as compared to IPv4.

It delivers transition strategies that convert IPv4 into IPv6, and

these strategies are as follows:

Dual stacking: It allows us to have both versions, i.e., IPv4 and

IPv6, on the same device.
Tunneling: In this strategy, all the users have IPv6 to
communicate with an IPv4 network to reach IPv6.
Network Address Translation: The translation permits
communication between the hosts having a distinct version of
the IP.

This hexadecimal address includes both numbers and

alphabets. Due to the use of both the numbers and alphabets,
IPv6 is qualified of producing over 340 undecillion (3.4*1038)
addresses.

IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address created up of 8 sets of 16

bits each, and these 8 sets are divided by a colon. In IPv6, each
hexadecimal character represents 4 bits. So, we require to
transform 4 bits to a hexadecimal number at a time
Address format :-

The address format of IPv4:

The address format of IPv6:

The above diagram illustrates the address format of IPv4 and

IPv6. An IPv4 is a 32-bit decimal address. It includes 4 octets
or fields divided by a 'dot', and each field is 8-bit in size. The
number that each field contains should be in the range of 0-255.
Whereas an IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address. It contains
8 fields divided by a colon, and each field is 16-bit in size.
Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
Skill Developed
1. Teamwork
2. Communication skills
3. Able to get all information about Network layer IPV4 & IPv6

Conclusion
The primary role of the network layer is to allow different networks to be interconnected. It does
this by forwarding packets to network routers, which depend on algorithms to determine the best
paths for the data to travel.

Refrence:-

WWW.Google.Com
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JINTUR

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF PROJECT
NETWORK LAYER IPV4 and IPV6

Programme: CO
Course: ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Course code: 22520

Name of the Students:

SR.NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO.

1 VARAD PATEL 319 2100940049

2 PARMESHWAR BHANDEKARI 322 2100940059

3 NITIN BALURE 325 2100940065

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION .
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr.
SR.NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO.
1 VARAD PATEL 319 2100940049
2 PARMESHWAR BHANDEKARI 322 2100940059
3 NITIN BALURE 325 2100940065

of FIFTH Semester of Diploma Computer Engineering of Institute, Govt.

Polytechnic, Jintur (0094) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING(22520) for the academic year
2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

KAMBLE (SIR) PRAVIN KALE(SIR) DR.R.T.PACHKOR(SIR)
INTRODUCTION :-

What is IP?
An IP stands for internet protocol. An IP address is allocated to each device attached to a
network. Each device utilizes an IP address for communication. It also acts as an
identifier as this address is utilized to determine the device on a network. It defines the
technical format of the packets. Specifically, both the networks, i.e., IP and TCP, are
merged together, so together, they are referred to as a TCP/IP
It makes a virtual connection between the source and the destination.
We can also define an IP address as a numeric address allocated to each device on a
network. An IP address is allocated to each device so that the device on a network can be
determined uniquely. To facilitate the routing of packets, TCP/IP protocol utilizes logical
address known as IPv4(Internet Protocol version 4).

An IP

the address consists of two parts, i.e., the first one is a network address, and the other one
is a host address.
There are two kinds of IP addresses:
1. IPv4
2. IPv6
What is IPv4?
IPv4 is version 4 of IP. It is a current version and the most generally utilized IP address. It
is a 32-bit address written in four numbers divided by a 'dot', i.e., periods. This address…
written in four numbers divided by a 'dot', i.e., periods. This address is unique for each
device.
For example, 66.94.29.13
The above example describes the IP address in which each group of numbers divided by
periods is called an Octet. Each number in an octet is in the range of 0-255. This address
can produce 4,294,967,296 potential unique addresses.
In today's computer network world, computers do not understand IP addresses in the
standard numeric format as the computers understand the numbers in binary form only.
The binary number can be either 1 or 0. The IPv4 consists of four sets, and these sets
describe the octet. The bits in each octet represent a number.
 Each bit in an octet can be either 1 or 0. If the bit the 1, then the number it describes will
count, and if the bit is 0, then the number it represents does not count.

Illustration of 8 Bit Octet

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

The above representation illustrates the structure of an 8-bit octet.

Now, we will see how to get the binary representation of the above IP address, i.e.,
66.94.29.13
Step 1: First, we find the binary number 66.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
o get 66, we put 1 under 64 and 2 as the sum of 64 and 2 is equal to 66 (64+2=66), and
the remaining bits will be zero, as displayed above. Therefore, the binary bit version of 66
is 01000010.

Step 2: Now, we calculate the binary number 94.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
To get 94, we put 1 under 64, 16, 8, 4, and 2 as the sum of these numbers is equal to 94,
and the remaining bits will be zero. Therefore, the binary bit version of 94 is 01011110.

Step 3: The next number is 29.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Step 4: The last number is 13.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

To get 13, we put 1 under 8, 4, and 1 as the sum of these numbers is equal to 13, and the
remaining bits will be zero. Therefore, the binary bit version of 13 is 00001101.
Disadvantage of IPv4 :-

Presently, the population of the world is 7.6 billion. Every user is having more than one
device linked to the internet, and private companies also rely on the internet. As we know
that IPv4 delivers 4 billion addresses, which is not sufficient for each device linked to the
internet on a planet. Although various methods were invented, such as variable-length
masks, network address translation, port address translation, classes, and inter-domain
translation, to conserve the bandwidth of IP addresses and slow down the depletion of an IP
address. In these methods, public IP is transformed into a private IP due to which the user
having public IP can also utilize the internet. But still, this was not so efficient, so it gave
rise to the development of the next generation of IP addresses, i.e., IPv6.

What is IPv6?

IPv4 makes 4 billion addresses, and the developers think that

these addresses are sufficient, but they were wrong. IPv6 is the
next generation of IP addresses. The main distinction between
IPv4 and IPv6 is the address size of IP addresses. IPv4 is a 32-
bit address, whereas IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address.
IPv6 delivers a big address space, and it includes a simple
header as compared to IPv4.

It delivers transition strategies that convert IPv4 into IPv6, and

these strategies are as follows:

Dual stacking: It allows us to have both versions, i.e., IPv4 and

IPv6, on the same device.
Tunneling: In this strategy, all the users have IPv6 to
communicate with an IPv4 network to reach IPv6.
Network Address Translation: The translation permits
communication between the hosts having a distinct version of
the IP.

This hexadecimal address includes both numbers and

alphabets. Due to the use of both the numbers and alphabets,
IPv6 is qualified of producing over 340 undecillion (3.4*1038)
addresses.

IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address created up of 8 sets of 16

bits each, and these 8 sets are divided by a colon. In IPv6, each
hexadecimal character represents 4 bits. So, we require to
transform 4 bits to a hexadecimal number at a time
Address format :-

The address format of IPv4:

The address format of IPv6:

The above diagram illustrates the address format of IPv4 and

IPv6. An IPv4 is a 32-bit decimal address. It includes 4 octets
or fields divided by a 'dot', and each field is 8-bit in size. The
number that each field contains should be in the range of 0-255.
Whereas an IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal address. It contains
8 fields divided by a colon, and each field is 16-bit in size.
Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
Skill Developed
1. Teamwork
2. Communication skills
3. Able to get all information about Network layer IPV4 & IPv6

Conclusion
The primary role of the network layer is to allow different networks to be interconnected. It does
this by forwarding packets to network routers, which depend on algorithms to determine the best
paths for the data to travel.

Refrence:-

WWW.Google.Com