B.A. in linguistics 2022 STYLE SHEET ver.

20 June 2022

B.A. in linguistics 2022

STYLE SHEET

Your thesis should consist of the following parts:

Title page

Acknowledgements (if you choose to do so)

Abstract (optional)

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3.

Conclusion

References/Bibliography

Appendices (if you need them)

Non-standard arrangements are possible but have to be negotiated with the

supervisor.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

These should be placed at the bottom right of the page.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

In the Table of Contents, you may indent the headings of sections or subsections
from the left margin in the following manner:

Chapter 1. Chapter title ................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5

1.2 Heading to section 1.2 .............................................................................................. 6
1.2.1 Heading to section 1.2.1 ............................................................................. 7
1.2.2 Heading to section 1.2.2 ............................................................................. 8
1.2.2a Heading to section 1.2.2a .............................................................. 8
1.2.2b Heading to section 1.2.2b ............................................................. 9
1.2.3 Heading to section 1.2.3 .............................................................................. 10
1.3 Heading to section 1.3 .................................................................................................11

or differentiate them otherwise.

NOTE: By far the best way is to use the “Automatic Table of Contents” option
available in MS Word.

PAGINATION

Each part of the dissertation (Introduction, Chapters, References etc.) should begin
on a new page.

MARGINS

Use 1 inch (2.54cm) margins on all sides, plus an extra 1 cm for binding.

PAGE NUMBERS

Number the pages consecutively throughout your thesis, starting with the title page.
However, page numbers should NOT appear on the title page.

FONTS TYPE AND SIZES

The preferred font is Times New Roman 12pts (10 pts for footnotes, 11 pts for longer
block quotations – see below). Use the same font type throughout your thesis. Do
not use other fonts UNLESS you have a good reason to do so.

Use 1.5 line spacing for all text, except:

• footnotes

• longer block quotations

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• figure and table captions

• where you should use line spacing 1.

Full-justify your text throughout unless you have a good reason not to do so.

Fig.1 Full justification button in MS Word (highlighted).

CHAPTER NUMBERS AND TITLES

Begin each chapter more or less half page from the top with chapter number and
title. Use larger font, e.g. size 16 bold, for the purpose.

SECTION HEADINGS

You will need to divide your chapter into sections and subsections, which you should
number consecutively. Please do not go deeper than three levels of nesting (1.1.1)
the subsections, as it will only confuse the reader. Additionally, the headings at each
level of division should be distinguished typographically. Example:

Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction (bold, font size 14)

1.2 Heading (bold, font size 14)

1.2.1 Heading (font size 12)

1.2.2 Heading (font size 12)

1.2.3 Heading (font size 12)

1.3 Heading (bold, font size 14)

etc.

Note that a full stop is NOT used at the end of the section number.

This is just an example, you may use other methods of typographic

differentiation but remember that (i) higher-level heading should be more
conspicuous than lower-level headings; (ii) you mustn’t overdo it – above all, strive
for clarity and ease of reading.

INDENTATION

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Indent the first line of all paragraphs, EXCEPT the first paragraph of each chapter,
section and subsection.

QUOTES

Do not use "xxx" quote marks! Use curly ones “xxx” instead

Do not use -x's apostrophes. Use: ’ instead

Include shorter quotes in double quotation marks “”. Quotes longer than 2 lines you
should indent from the left margin. Use font size 11 (Times New Roman) and single
spacing for all such quotes. Leave an extra line before and after the quote. Do NOT
use quotation marks for these quotes. Example:

This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body
of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the
main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text.
Kowalski stated that

[t]his is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is
your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote.
This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your
quote. This is your quote. This is your quote. This is your quote (2016: 359).

This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body
of your text. This is the main body of your text. “This is the main body of your text”. This is
the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your
text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main body of your text. This is the main
body of your text. This is the main body of your text.

SINGLE QUOTATION MARKS

Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes and for glossing the meaning of
non-English words and expressions, e.g.

Now let us consider the word piłka ‘ball’ and the expression krótka piłka ‘quick
decision’, lit. ‘a short ball’.

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EXAMPLES

Number your examples consecutively throughout the thesis. Include the number in
round brackets. Justify the number to the left margin but indent the example as
such, e.g.:

(1) This is the first example.

(2) This is second example.

You may, if necessary, use small letters for examples which “belong together”:

(3a) This is example (3a).

(3b) This is example (3b).

ITALICS, BOLD

Use italics for all units of language under investigation, English or non-English,
e.g.

Now let us consider the word ball and its Polish equivalent piłka.

Also use it for emphasizing short fragments of your text, if you wish to, e.g.

The battle was fought not after but before the sunrise.

Use bold type sparingly. One of its uses are the first appearances of technical terms
important for your dissertation. Also, you may use it for emphasizing fragments of
examples you analyze, e.g.:

Jurek poszedł do domu.

Jurek go-PAST.MASC to home.

Jurek went home.

Do NOT use underlining, unless absolutely necessary.

ASTERISK, ETC.

Use an asterisk for marking ungrammatical usage and a question mark for
grammatically or semantically dubious (or marginally acceptable) usage, e.g.

The sentence *John home went is ungrammatical, whereas ?John went to home is
dubious.

SPELLING AND PUNCTUATION

Make sure that you use your spelling and punctuation conventions consistently, i.e.
either British or American.
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FIGURES

Use captions for all figures and place them below the figure, centred. Number them
consecutively in each chapter, e.g. below is the caption for figure 5 in chapter 3. Use
line spacing 1 for the captions.

Figure 3.5. Place here the caption for your figure.

TABLES

Use captions for all tables and place them above the table, full justified. Number
them consecutively in each chapter, e.g. below is the caption for table 5 in chapter 3.
Use line spacing 1 for the captions.

Table 3.5. Place here the caption for your table. Place here the caption for your table. Place
here the caption for your table. Place here the caption for your table.

Title Title

text text

text text

Source: Kowalski 2001: 36-50 / adapted from Kowalski 2001: 36 / own work.

Make sure that the tables are readable. You may want to use fonts smaller than in
the main body to make your table fit the page. Don’t overdo the shading but you
may use it for title rows or columns. Above all, strive for clarity.

IN-TEXT REFERENCING

All the texts referred to in the thesis should be listed in the Bibliography.

Use a parenthetical documentation style. Give the author’s surname, the date of
publication and the page number(s) for all quotations.

(Widawski 2011: 13)

Hubscher-Davidson (2009: 175–192) describes the influence of personality traits

on the translation process.

If a book has two authors, refer to both using and as a connector.

(Hatim and Mason 2002: 13–14)

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If a book has three or more authors, give the first authors name and use et al. (lit.
and others).

(Kussmaul et al. 2002: 13–14)

If you refer to an entire publication (book or article), you do not need to give page
numbers.

(see Miodek 2002)

(cf. Miodek 2002)

If you refer to more than one publication at any point in the body of the text,
separate the references by semicolons.

Recent translation process research (Alves and Gongalves 2003; Hansen 2003; Jakobsen
2003) has used data recorded by keyboard monitoring software.

Order the references chronologically and then alphabetically.

(Puurtinen 1997; Munday 1998; Obermann 1998)

References to texts written by two authors should include both authors’ surnames.

Shuttleworth and Cowie (1997) give a map of the discipline by providing a glossary of
contemporary TS terms.

References to texts written by more than two authors should use the first authors
last name, followed by et al. and the relevant year.

If you quote from reference books (dictionaries, encyclopaedias), give the work’s
title. If you frequently quote from such sources, you can use an abbreviation instead
of a long title.

The terms auto-translation or self-translation refer to the act of translating one’s own writings
or the result of such an undertaking. A fairly common practice in scholarly publishing, auto-
translation is frowned upon in literary studies. (Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation
Studies 1998: 17)

Indirect quotations (secondary references or sources) are quotations that you find in
other authors’ works rather than the original. When this happens, use in: to indicate
the source. Use indirect quotations only when necessary.

Nestor Garcia Canclini (1990) argues that “hybrid cultures” of Tijuana are “strategies for
entering and getting out of modernity” (in: Clifford 1997: 7).

If you quote from the internet, proceed as for other types of sources. Avoid quoting
anonymous material, unless it is a reliable reference website.

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This section was adapted from:

Piotrowska, M. and Dybiec-Gajer J. 2012. Verba Volant Scripta Manent. How to Write an
M.A. Thesis in Translation Studies. Kraków: Universitas.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbreviations to be used for

editorship:

(ed.) = one editor (eds) = more than

one editor

Bibliographical items should be listed according to the following conventions:

• Books by a single author/monographs

Wierzbicka, A. 1997. Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words. New York/Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

• Books by two or more authors

Hatim, B. and Munday, J. 2004. Translation. An Advanced Resource Book. London/New

York: Routledge.

• Edited volumes, anthologies or compilations

Kierzkowska, D. (ed.) 2001. Towards a New Age of Human Communication. Warszawa:

Tepis.

• Two or more books by the same author

Dąmbska-Prokop, U. 1997. Śladami tłumacza. Szkice. Częstochowa/Kraków: Educator-

Viridis.

--- (ed.) 2000. Mała encyklopedia przekładoznawstwa. Częstochowa: Educator.

• Articles in edited volumes

Black, M. 1993. “More about Metaphor” in: A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought
(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 19–41.

• Articles in periodicals

Mason, I. 2009. “Research Training in Translation Studies”. The Interpreter and Translator
Trainer 3: 1/2009. 1–13.

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• Electronic copies of journal or newspaper articles retrieved from a database

Wolf, M. 2001. “Cultural Pluralism through Translation? Imagining the Italian Other in the
Habsburg Monarchy” TTR 14:1. 159–190,
<http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2001/v14/nl/000532ar.pdf> (Feb. 14 2008)

• Websites

The complete URL is optional. The internet addresses are prone to change and
readers can find the quoted sources quite easily via title or author searches.
Provide the date of access.

http://www.est.org (Sept. 12 2009)

• Films and videotapes

Levels of Consciousness. Dir. B.D. Harrison. Prod. P.B. Weir. 1996. DVD. Filmways, 1996.

Please remember that quoting other authors is HONESTY. If you copy somebody’s
thoughts and/or words and give NO SOURCE, the obvious implication is that they are
yours – and that means PLAGIARISM /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/.

This section was adapted from:

Piotrowska, M. and Dybiec-Gajer J. 2012. Verba Volant Scripta Manent. How to Write an
M.A. Thesis in Translation Studies. Kraków: Universitas.