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    15 views161 pages

    Gramgenius 4 SB Small

    Uploaded by

    sara sara

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hee HHS FF SH RS Contents ree it Page Present simple and present continuous, stative verbs 4 Past simple, past continuous, (be / get) used to, would 10 Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous 18 Past perfect simple, past perfect continuous 26 m0 The future 32 Adjectives, adverbs 40 Nouns, quantifiers, articles 48 Modal verbs (1) 58 Modal verbs (2) 66 Gerunds and infinitives 74 Conditionals 82 Wishes, preferences 90 Bank Contents Unit Page Revision)3:1Unitsi9—125 Reported speech Reporting verbs Relative clauses The passive emiktm 4s Witt 18156, Causative form Question tags, indirect questions Sentence linking Phrasal verbs Hee ee Re ee Ee Revision)5:Unitsi17—, baie reeds i 98 108 12 18 124 126 130 134 144 148 150 152 154 156 157 Present simple and present continuous, stative verbs © [oy Love it? Hate it? Love it? Hate it? © | love cooking and watching TV. © {hate housework. But Eugenius is always fit Today ... Today I'm staying at home. I'm working on my website. What about you? What are you doing today? Post your comments and share your thoughts here! Jing more jobs for me to do! My friends This is Ginny. She's Eugenius' best friend and she often helps him. with his inventions. And this is Woof, my robot dog, Whesent simple and present continuous, Pe he eres Question Present simple Ben walks to school Ben doesn’t walk to | Does Ben walk to every day, school everyday. | school every day? Present continuous Benis cyding to _—Ben isn’t eyding to_| Is Ben cyding to be school today. school today. school today? % Present simple Use We use the present simple ‘+ to talk about habits and things that happen regularly. Joften take my neighbour's deg for a walk. ‘+ to talk about situations or states that are always or usually true Katy doesn’t live with her parents. + to talk about facts, general truths Water freezes at 0°C. + when we describe a series of events or actions (e.g. when we tell a story or in sports commentaries) Then the man jumps up and leaps out of the window. Time expressions ‘+ We often use the present simple with adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, harily ever, seldom). Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb but after the verb to be, Anna always brushes her tecth before bed. | am usually late for school. ‘+ We also use the present simple with these time words and phrases: every day / week / year, in the moming / afternoon / evening, at night, at the weekend, on Monday, on Fridays, in (the) winter, in August, once / twice / three times a week, ete. They usually come at the beginning or end of the sentence. (On Fridays Peter visits his cousins. We lock all the doors at night. Present continuous Use We use the present continuous to talk about ‘+ something that is happening now, at exactly this moment. ‘Are you watching this film or can | turn off the TV? + temporary situations. Simon is working in his dad's restaurant this summer ‘+ situations that are changing The economic crisis is becoming worse. ‘+ annoying habits, often with always. My sister is always borrowing my clothes! It’s really annoying! Time expressions We often use the present continuous with these time words and phrases: now, right now, at the moment, today / tonight, these days, this week, at present, nowadays, for nowy for the time being. Lots of people are staying in our hotel this week Present simple and present continuous Be careful: we use the present simple for things that happen regularly or things that are always true. We use the present continuous for things that are happening now or things that are temporary. Compare the following sentences: ‘My grandmother always bakes a cake on Saturdays but today she’s making biscuits Phoebe usually stays at home on Fridays but today she's visiting her friend. Did you know that cats... very well in the daytime? (not see) And $0 the gith noonnSl8888 sons het friend goodbye and... (kiss, disappear) Doyeu INE. near here? (you / live) Does your mum hele you with your homework? (your mum / help) ually carrie simon... Mrs Harper's groceries for her. (usually / carry) We.......421.98t UP....... early on Saturdays. (not get up) My brother 025, practice twice a week. (go) to football Mrs Evans weekends. (not work) They every two years. (paint) How... d0.19H. 5261... this word? (you / spell) Write sentences. Use the present simple. Put the words in brackets in the correct place. you / get up / late? (at the weekend) Do you get up late ate weekend? we / eat / our dinner in front of the television (never) We Dad / be / tired after work (often) Dad js often tired after work, we / go out (on Sundays) We go out on Sundays. / On Sundays we go out, she / have / eggs for breakfast (rarely) pmaeely Nae hae tot Re... my best friend / be / cheerful and happy (usually) pee oere ae erful we / walk / to school (every day) escinecind eenrting (Renda: | / brush / my teeth in the morning (always) \ always brush my teeth in the morning, my mum / watch / TV (hardly ever) mins Fat ne tC Noe essen he / be / late for work (never) He is never late for wark ¥ Read and complete. Use the present continuous. IF circle the correct answer, 1. (Does this Take Freeze) Is this lake freezing 6 No, this can’t be true! You lie (@re Tying} in winter? 7 Mybrother is checking his e-mails she(Gsually 9063) is usually going to bed every day. late on Saturdays. 8 Nadiais in her room. She gets iz getting) Mark doesn’t work (isn’t working today. ready for bed He's at home. 9 What does your sister do / I'm sorry, I@on"tTivey am not living here, hese days? sol can't give you directions. 10 Dad alwaysvater)is watering the It rains /{s raining) Let's stay at home. flowers on Sunday afternoons. FF Read and complete. Use the present simple or present continuous. eee New Message S HiJade, (have) a fantastic time here at my cousin’s house! She 2 cl ll#S.. ace (live) in a flat right in the middle of Paris. It's amazing! At the moment we ®....2,si!tin2..... Git) on her balcony and we ¢....2°2,:10ing (drink) hot chocolate. She's s0 lucky! She ......28....... (get) to see the Eiffel Tower on her way home every day! She *..../: Studying. (study) at college here in Paris and she’ Speaks (speak) fantastic French. Later today she’s taking me to the Louvre Museum. Hundreds of people § Mist... (visit) it every day, so it must be good! | hope you 9 ate enjeyind._. (enjoy) your holiday in Scotland and that it ®t -laing (not rain) at the moment! See you back home. Lots of love, ‘Andy Renive verbs Stative verbs describe states, not actions. We do not usually use them in continuous tenses, even when we want to talk about something that is happening now, at exactly this moment. Here are some common stative verbs: + sense verbs: feel, hear, see, smell, taste + thinking verbs: know, notice, realise, remember, think, understand ‘+ verbs that express emotions: dislike, hate, lke, love, not mind, prefer ‘+ other verbs: oppear (= seem), be, believe, belong, cost, forget, have (= own), hope, look (= seem), mean, need, own, seem, sound, want What do you want? | don't mind staying here to look after the baby. Some verbs have two meanings: one that describes an action and one that describes a state. When these verbs describe actions, we can use them in continuous tenses. Compare: The baby’s skin feels realy soft. (= It seems soft when you touch it) The doctor is feeling her head. (=He/ She is touching it) Do you see that house? (= Can you notice it with your eyes?) I'm seeing the doctor at four o'clock. (Vm meeting him / her) Your perfume smells lovely. (= tt has a particular smell.) The dog is smelling my clothes. (it's trying to recognise how my dothes smell.) This soup tastes delicious. ( .98.w2tchiog (watch) TV, We were really scared! Jilly What *..W3s, doing... (E/ do)? TS...0a5,3¥iN9... (have) a shower and Tran outside into the road. It was really AEE Circle the correct answer, 1 she(ereamedy was screaming and dropped the plates. While | washed (was washing)the dishes, I broke a glass. My mother@idn’t have wasn’t having a room of her own when she was little. Chris fixed /(Was Fixing)his bike while his dad was washing the car. What did you do /(were you doingywhen | called you this morning? Peo ae een cmbarrassing! 1°...W35.weatI0g... (wear) iy bathrobe and my hair was full of shampoo! Sam 17,,,.436.0laVi09,.. (play) chess om my computer, The electricity went uff, so I didn’t finish my game. I didn’t mind, though, because I®, "at winning (not win)! | felt sick, so I@idn’t eaty wasn't cating any breakfast this morning, As Stephen came /(iwas coming)down the stairs, he tripped and fell. My parents were having lunch when my sister and | were getting (Godhome. | found the CD you were looking for while I tidied /(was tidyingymy room, We got bored, so we(decidedy were deciding to go for a walk x Complete. Use the past simple or past continuous. 4 My brother.....2°9?P*4..... his keys as he 5 was running for the bus. (drop) 2 1.88.working. at half past six yesterday 6 afternoon. (work) 3 Carla nuk how to read when she = 7 was five years old. (know) It was past midnight. A strong wind 8 P.QW.NG.. aeross the mountains. (blow) Mel slipped on the ice as she ..198. king to school. (walk) Mike.....109K 0"... his coat and made himself some coffee. (take off) Grandad was reading his newspaper while we ..'51,22yi0G., chess, (play) We were talking about Helen when she “au at the café. (arrive) & Complete. Use the past simple or past continuous. 1 Aswe...22f2.valtlth..in the woods, we 5 si ane @ FOX, (Walk, 522) 2 ChatliencntEll meme asleep while his 6 mother ../%5.(230199._. to him. (fall, read) 3 Jenny Slicing... the bread when she 7 ut her finger. (slice, cut) met... Harry the other day 8 {e.shopping., . (meet, shop) Officer M= Man o: What * Sf 1M ding (you / do) at two o'clock on Monday afternoon? M: M: 1?...23s.matching (watch) TV. Um. oO: 0, P28 S2OPBNG..., (shop) in town. The children ...Were P/ayiN9. in the garden when the rain........ S020 (play, start) While | ..95.s14521N9... for my test, 1 a strange noise. (study, hear) his sunglasses and vw the house. (put on, leave) While we ..8f8.norsing., the boys atenin. TV. (work, watch) Nick ... left, Read and complete. Use the past simple or past continuous. + Did you 90 Sparkles Jeweller's? don’t remember. Why? The security guard at the shop says you 5 .wete standing... (stand) outside the shop window all afternoon. (you / go) into Oh, yes. Now | remember. 15,...was thinklog. (think) about buying a ring for my... um... girlfriend while 17... MSS W318... (wait) for her. And ®......did. you buy. (you / buy) a ring? No. Why are you asking? Well, while you were there, somebody Sarnia (steal) a diamond ring. We think it was you. You ” wanted (want) one for your girlfriend, right? But | haven't got a girlfriend! So, you lied to us! You're under arrest! * PN My grandad used to live on a farm. Dh een Ty My grandad didn’t use to live on a farm, Did your grandad use to live on a farm? My mum would let My mum wouldn't me stay up late on let me stay up late Friday nights. on Friday nights. Would your mum let you stay up late on Friday nights? EAE | not used to living in such a quiet place. CATER Ce) You'll soon get used to living in such a quiet place Used to + We use used to to talk about: © past habits, things that we did regularly in the past. We used to go to the cinema every Sunday. © situations or states that were true in the past but are not true now. Liz didn’t use to like healthy food but now she eats lots of fruit and vegetables. ‘+ We can use the past simple and used to in the same way. Paul worked in a shoe factory. Paul used to work in a shoe factory. ‘+ But: when we talk about an action that that happened at a particular time in the past (not a situation or state), we can only use the past simple, not used to. They came back last night. (They-used-to-come-back last night: *) Would ‘+ We use would like used to, to talk about past habits, things that we did regularly in the past. We would go to the cinema every Sunday. ‘+ But: when we describe situations or states (not actions), we can only use used to, not would. Jo used to be very unhappy as.a child. ¥ Uo-would-be-very- unhappy as a child. X) Be / Get used to + We use be used to+ «ing / noun to talk about something that no longer seems new, strange or unusual because we have seen or experienced it before. He's used to getting up carly. She is used to the bad weather in London. + We use get used to + -ing / noun to say that something becomes or starts to feel normal because we often see or experience it. We are getting used to living here. We have got used to the loud music. + Note the difference between used to and be / get used to: He used to work here. (= He doesn’t work here any more) He is used to working here, (= It’s no longer new, strange or difficult for him.) He is getting used to working here. (= It’s starting to feel normal, easier, etc.) = = % Complete. Use used to or the past simple. heagenfus 4 Remember when we talk about actions (not situations ) greta wae te pete ket 5 to school but she 6 1 She used to wale bought a bike two months ago. (walk) vent 2. Brian and Mike late last night. (go) 3 Did.you uss f0.6y0°. to school every day 8 When you were a student? (you / cycle) wn tobed 7 Use used to wherever possible. My cousin 224... in London two days ago. (arrive) 1 dido't.uss.£0, 2, football when I was your age. (not play) ‘What time ....9/d.L's3 phone, yesterday? (Lisa / phone) you 1....didt finish my project last night (not finish) My dad 0 tO. playing cowboys when he was little. (love) Fs 4 Complete. Use used to or would. Use would wherever possible. » hea Gentes = Remember for situations or states. we use used to rt would We only use would for ations 5 ould spend. 1 When was younger, | hours drawing and painting. (spend) 6 2 1 didi’tuse to ke chocolate very much but | now | love it, (not like) 7 used to live 3 Mrand Mrs Robinson voi India but they moved here two years ago. 8 (live) Cirde the forms that can be used circle them both. 1 Our dog@sedtoy(wouldhide under the 8 bed whenever there was a storm. When my brother was at university, he would sleep... until noon at weekends. (sleep) That building over there.......1¢¢,10.be a hotel. (be) Eg 921. Ue.... early and start work at seven every day. (get up) 1 ssat$2d, to, have age. (have) a cat when | was your Grandma.....42uld.bate, every Sunday. (bake) ow @ cake for us each sentence. If both forms are correct, Zoe(used toy would hate school when she was little My uncle workedy (sed to work¥for that company. \hady used to have a terrible headache yesterday Aunt Lucy @sed £0)/@would)buy me a pair of socks every Christmas. I(@sed td would have short hair when Iwas your age ‘They (were Used to bé) good friends when they were at schoo! Andy/JeftY used to leave his bag on the bus yesterday evening, * at Complete. Use am / is /are used to or used to. 1 Tom has been a lorry driver for ten years, He....8.u884 10. driving long distances, 2 Kim.....26.10.... be allergic to cats when she was little, 3) We 28.524 '©. living in a big city. We've lived here for years. 4 My mother ....."°.'9___ sing in the school choir when she was a student. Uk circle the correct answer, 1 MrRoberts(usedy is used to live in Australia. She didn’t like the weather at first but now she(@)/ gets used to it. | used to eepy sleeping with my teddy in my arms when | was litte. I'm not used to eat /Gating)this kind of food. | feel sick 5 Mr and Mrs Bower ....882.5, that house. live in No, | don’t mind getting up at half past six. 1..20.4588.18., getting up early. 1.80 £9. go to the gym three times a week when | was younger. She's a doctor, so she ../5.U524 10 working long hours. | can’t be /GeE)used to sleeping in my new bed. It's too hard. Weusedy were used to play hide-and-seek at school. ‘When he first moved here, he(Wvasn’t/ didn’t used to speaking English all the time. Have you got used to cycle /@yeling)to work yet? a Read and complete. Use one word in each space. THINGS 0! Harry lives in a beautiful villa in Spain. He enjoys sailing and buying old paintings. But his life didn’t... to be so good. Harry used #2... be a dustman. In fact, he was a dustman for twenty-five years. He® 4044. get up at five o'clock every moming and work for eight hours collecting rubbish from the city streets Two years *..292.., on a cold winter ‘moming, Hany’ life changed forever. It ‘was still dark and a freezing wind > blowing along the streets. Hany ®..° n't mind, though. He was "1584... to the cold. At about six o'clock he®..."2°.. collecting the rubbish from a big old house on Dover Street ®.127, an old handbag fell out of the bin. He opened it. It was full of banknotes ~ hundreds of them! Harry took the bag to the police station but nobody came to collect it. After two months the police gave the money to Harry! ‘Ilove my new life,’ Hay told us. ‘But [stil haven't ...22%.. used to ‘waking up late. [still get up at five o'clock every moming!’ Aff Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in bold. Use no more than five words. 1 Wewent out every Saturday whenwe 4 _ I still find it hard to get up early in the were teenagers. used morning. got We... ised go out every | still haven't ....9t.us29.t0. getting up. Saturday when we were teenagers. early in the morning. 2 He hadn't finished his work whenIcame = 5. back. working He ....Mas. (still) They hadn't finished their breakfast when I got up. having when | came They ......Wefe. (still) Naving breakfast back. when I got up. 3° My mum used to pick me up from school 6 Did you play golf when you were at every day. would. school? use My mum...Would.bick meUp. from Did nH. 88.89.0120.... golf When school every day. you were at school? Look at Exercise 6 again. Imagine you are the security guard at Sparkles Jeweller’s. Write a short paragraph describing what happened on the day the diamond ring was stolen. You can use these ideas. ‘nyo one ‘loc inthe afernoon La, When did you see Students’ own answers the man? ‘What were you doing at the time? What was the man doing? ‘What did you do when you saw him? What did he do? _ Say Work with a partner, Student A: Write down four inventions which have changed our way of life. Show them to Student B. ‘Student B: Say what people did and didn’t do before those inventions existed Use used to Now swap roles and do the same. > : > > > People used to walk everywhere. They didn't use to travel far. Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous The ZuRoCA1sion Song Contest ;, | facts and figures * RTE Deusen se) eases een asa Cee eae kn ee an ened Present perfect Shea: finished She hasn't finizhed | Has che finished simple her homework. her homework. her homework? Present perfect They have been They haven't been | Have they been be continuous working hard. working hard. working hard? ss Present perfect simple Use ‘+ We use the present perfect simple to talk about: ‘© something that started and finished past, when we do not know or are not interested in when it happened Sharon has baked a cake. © something that happened in the past and has a result in the present. I've dropped chocolate on my shirt and now it’s dirty. ‘© something that happened a very short time ago, with just. The boys have just come back from school. ©. something that started in the past and continues in the present. Dad has worked for that company since 2005. ‘©. something that happened during a period that is not finished at the time of speaking ve been to the cinema four times this week. © experiences, things we have or have not done in our lives. He has climbed Mont Blanc but he hasn't climbed Mount Everest. ‘+ We often use the present perfect simple with ever to ask about people's experiences. Have you ever met somebody famous? ‘+ We often use the present perfect simple with never to talk about things we have not done in our lives Danny has never travelled abroad. + We often use never ... before or it’s / This is the first time ... ever .. with the present perfect simple, to talk about the first time something happens. ve never played chess before. This is the first time I've ever played chess. Time expressions We often use the present perfect simple with these time words and phrases: + ever Have you ever seen a tiger? + never Ihave never tried Chinese food. «just Our cousins have just arrived. + already They've already made their beds. + yet Robbie hasn't sent me a text yet. Have you finished yet? + for Clare has worked there for three years. + since Clore has worked there since 2006. + How long ..? How long have you known David? + s0for We've visited three islands so far. * lately Have you read any good books lately? + recently I haven't seen Natalie recently. + always Andy has always wanted to be a doctor. + today Ihaven‘t had anything to eat today. + this month {Ive bought five CDs this month. —— Se Have gone to, have been to ‘We use have gone to to say that someone has gone to a place and has not come back yet. We use have been to to say that someone went to a place in the past but has come back now. She has gone to Italy. (She isin Italy now.) She has been to Italy. (She went to Italy but she is back now.) Write sentences. Use the present perfect simple. Put the words in brackets in the correct place. 2 you / hear from / Fred? (lately) Have you heard from Fred lately? 3. she / arrive /in London (just) She's just arrived in London, 4 1/ dean / the living room (already) Ive already cleaned the living room,_ 5 you/ bake / a cake? (ever) Have you ever baked a cake? 6 | / want / to try Mexican food (always) ways wanted to try Mexican f 7 he/use / this program before (never) He's never.used, this program before, 1 it/not stop / raining (yet) 8 I hasn't stopped raining ye we / not see / Sarah (since Monday) We haven't seen Sarah since Monday. x Read and complete. Use the present perfect simple. The Sunset Hotel is opening tomorrow. Mr Hi everything is ready. the hotel manager, wants to check that Mr Hill; 4.435 Cathy put (Cathy / put) clean towels in the bathrooms? Jenny: Yes, she has but we 5 oye, tun out... (run out) of soap. Cathy ©... las gone (go) to the storeroom to get some more. Also, the air conditioning in room 101 7... has broken down, (break down) Mrtitt; *..,.feve youmede (yous make) « sve andy soe the beds? Mr Hill: Yetinew a — (alrea 1one) the technician Jenny: Yes, and1?.....)242 hoovered, acy 1 (hoover) the carpets, too. But | Jenny: OK. I'll finish the flowers and then 2 iaven't filed.” (not fill) the we'll be ready. vases with fresh flowers yet. Good work, Jenny. IEF circle the correct answer, 1 Carol has..... fed the baby. A yet ®already € ever D lately 2 How.....has Mr Carter lived next door to you? A often B muchtime C ong time (©) long 3. We haven't heard from Anna Anever —B always ©lately D ever & Tick (1) the correct sentence. 1 Have you ever gone to Spain? Qo Have you ever been to Spain? 4 2 I've gone here before. | came last week. a I've been here before. | came last week. a 3. Shelley has gone out, She'll be back later. 4 Shelley has been out. She'll be back later. Qo 4 No, Dad isn’t here. He's gone to the library. 4 No, Dad isn’t here. He's been to the library. a _, three people have phoned about the job. @Sofer —_B Solong C Yet D Since lately Steve's... ridden a horse. A yet -B ever @©rnever OD always I've known Vieky..... ten years @for —B since Cin D from We've never gone to that new café. |_| We've never been to that new café. J Rebecca’s gone to bed. She was exhausted. ea) Rebecca's been to bed. She was exhausted. a I've gone to four shops but I haven't found the dress | want. u I've been to four shops but | haven't found the dress | want. 4 They're on holiday. They've gone to France for a week. a They're on holiday. They've been to France for a week. a AE Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in bold. Use no more than five words. 1. This is the first time Eugenius has made acake. never Eugenius 5. before. wade. a cake I've never seen such a boring film before! ever That is the most boring film have ever seant Ilast saw Jenny a month ago. seen | haven't seen Tery for a month. He's never played chess before, first This is the ist tims. his bas (eve") played chess. | met Liz seven years ago. known 1. fave kr, ie for. seven years Ken started working here in 2007. since Ken fias worked here since 2997, x Fiece simple and present perfect simple Past simple We use the past simple to talk about ‘+ something that started and finished in the past, when we zay or know when it happened I read this book two weeks ago. ‘+ something that was true in the past but is not true in the present. They lived in Madrid many years ago. ‘+ something that happened during a period that is finished at the time of speaking. I phoned him four times this morning. (It is not morning now.) Present perfect simple + We use the present perfect simple to talk about: © something that started and finished past, when we do not say or know when it happened I"ve read this book. © something that started in the past and continues in the present. They've lived in Madrid since 2006. © something that happened during a period that is not finished at the time of speaking, I've phoned him four times this moming. It's still morning.) © something that happened in the past and has a result in the present. "ve finished my homework, so I can watch TV now. ‘+ Remember: the past simple tells us about the past. The present perfect simple may also tell us about the present. ® = Ef Girdle the correct answer. 1 You've spent £500 on clothes(@his month 5 Sam and Niki have been very busy Jast last month! week /fatel), 2 | saw this film@ few weeks agoy already. 6 I didn’t check my e-mails(fhis momingy 3 How many goals have they scored since this morning. yesterday (50 Far? 7 Wehaven't had a holiday last year / 4. | didn’t see Nick and Samantha(yesterdayy since Wednesday. 8 My brother sold his car(in Mayy already. % Complete. Use the past simple or present perfect simple. 1 Where... MOE. you at six o’ock = 5ST... 128 f8ad six books since August. on Monday afternoon? (be) (read) 2 1. Jaen pack® my bag yet. (not pack) 6 e isn't here. He ......./8f5......... twenty 3 We.,.,.Went out. yesterday. (go out) minutes ago. (leave) 4 Mum basalteady made the sandwiches for 7! --faVeML $820... Jo lately. (see) be the party. (already / make) BL SMall2S. Tim last night. (e-mail) Beesene perfect continuous Use We use the present perfect continuous to talk about: + something that started in the past and continues until now. ‘She's been working hard all week. + something that has just finished and has a result that we can see in the present. ‘Maria's hair is wet. She's been swimming in the lake. Time expressions We often use the present perfect continuous with these time words and phrast all morning / day / night, for, since, lately, recently, how long, etc. We've been waiting for ages. She's been getting a lot of headaches recently. Ff Read and complete. Use the present perfect continuous. Jinn *.,.38 Peet vein. (study) for his exams all day, so he’s feeling quite tired. His sister Lily ...!'85. 02 playing. (play) with her dolls in her bedroom since this morning. Their mother, Mrs Grey, usually spends a lot of time sending e-mails but today she? .!)350"t Seen using. (not use) her computer. She 4.125 bee" planting (plant) flowers in the garden all morning. Mr Grey > !2="! ee. he'ping. (not help) her, though. He ¢ 135, 22/1 working. (work) hard lately and he’s really tired, so he's taking a nap in the shade of a tree. Fluffy, Jim’s cat, isin the garden, too. He 7 1125, been Watching (watch) a little bird for half an hour now. He hasn‘t ‘caught it yet, though! ee a 38 Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in bold. Use no more than five words. 1 We started using this book in September. 5 We first came to this restaurant years been ago. have We......./t-beenusing this book since We ...tave been coming. to this September. restaurant for years. 2 When did Chloe start learning English? 6 It’s been two hours and we're still has waiting! been How long 2s $ige been learning english? We ave been waiting for two hours! 3 He fell asleep at noon and he hasn't 7 It started snowing two days ago. for woken up yet. sleeping It..23s been snowing for, two days. He been sleseing.... since noon, 8 He started collecting stamps when he 4 She began working at ten o'dock was eight. has since He has been collecting stamps since She .'88 been, working since, ten o'clock he was eight * Firesene perfect simple and present perfect continuous + With the present perfect simple we focus on the result of an action. The action is, complete, She's cleaned her room. She can go out now. + With the present perfect continuous we focus on the action itself (not its result), or ‘on how long something has been going on. The action may or may not be complete. ‘Mum has been cleaning the house all morning. AE circle the correct answer. 1 We have danced i(have been dancing)all 5 simon(fasn’tphonedY hasn‘t been phoning evening, This party is great! since Monday. 2. I'm tired because | have worked / 6 Idon’t want a sandwich. \(iave just hady (have been working)long hours recently. have just been having one. 3 Jodie(has never liedy has never been lying 7 Dad(has finishedy has been finishing tome. painting the kitchen. 4 Jack hos gone (has been goingjto the gym 8 My sister has travelled /(has been travelling allot recently. around Europe since June. Ik complete, Use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. 1 Howlong...4e.10u.bern learning. French? 41. fa¥en't een sleeping. very well lately. (you / learn) (not sleep) 2 Sorry 'm late. .[2¥5.you been, long? 5 Tim, thisis Lee........{12¥8.you.me!. (you / wait) before? (you / meet) 3 1...haven(t finished my Maths project 6 Haye the children had. breakfast yet? yet. (not finish) (the children / have) a Read and complete. Use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. Growing schools: 4 . (not have) lunch yet today but later we are gardening for children going to eat salad made with our own lettuce! ‘Lused to hate vegetables but now I really like Lettuce tastes different when you them,’ Emily Carter told our reporter. So why. have QOMD........ (row) it yourself!” 1 fas mil siared (Emily / start) eating vegetables? The answer is simple. For the last six months, Emily and her classmates # have been taking part (take part) in an ‘Teacher Dominic Murphy began the Growing schools project. ‘At first only a few pupils were interested. But recently more and more children ave been coming (come) to exciting new school project called Growing ya chy They have been werking.- (work) chal really hard in the garden for the last few weeks. ‘We grow potatoes, peas and lettuce,’ Emily _ and the whole school ’.....!!48, 982" eating, be explained. ‘We? haven't had (eat) fresh vegetables and salads all winter!’ Aff Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in bold. Use no more than five words. 1 I've never read such a good book before. 5 best , This is the ...best book Vhave ever ead | saw Kirsty on Friday. since 6 1 haven’ seen Kirsty since Friday. Mum started studying Italian two years ago. been ¥ Mum.....135,9¢2 studying... Italian for ‘two years. | started playing football when | was six. 8 have 1...ave been playin was six, mm football since | This is the funniest story I've ever heard. never Fave, ver NE209.... such a funny story. The rain started at noon and it’s still raining. has it. bean raining since. noon, It’s two weeks since I last phoned Ben. for 1 aver phoned Ben for, two weeks. He started studying for his test at five. been He... has, been studying since five for his test Imagine that you are interviewing your favourite star. Write down the questions that you would ask him / her. hasnt done up to now in his / her Ask about the things he / she has or je and the things he / she has been doing recently. Use the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous. Have you pve, Work with a partner. Ask and answer. Student A: Look at the list below. Ask Student hhas ever done these things and tick (/) or cross (x) the boxes. Student B: Answer Student A’s questions. Now swap roles and do the same. When you h: report to the rest of the class. fly /in a plane eat / Chinese food play /in a football team meet / a famous person have / breakfast in bed stay up / all night DDL) Maria has never flown in a plane Bif he/she Yes, | have. / fi ave finished, No, haven't. but she has .... She hasn't ree Past perfect simple, past perfect continuous Photos uploaded by: . Ginny Lewis, My favourite! Vendor Eugenius after he had seen a spider! Dax's first photo! He had just bought his first camera had been lying on _ the beach all day. TE WEF They hadn't met before. elroy They had met before. Had they met simple before? i See They had been working hard They hadn't been working hard Had they been working hard? Past perfect simple Use We use the past perfect simple to talk about + an action that happened before a particular time in the past. Carla had finished her homework by nine o'clock. ‘+ an action that happened before another action in the past. We use the past perfect simple for the action that happened first and the past simple for the action that happened second. ‘Mrs Philips had left for work by the time her children got up. Time expressions We often use the past perfect simple with these time words and phrases: before, completely extreme <> extremely + Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form. Some adverbs are irregular. goods well fast © fast late = late hard > hard carly > carly high © high '* Be careful: some adjectives form two adverbs with different meanings. Look at these ‘examples: They worked hard. (hard = using great effort) thardly know them. (hardly = almost not) I got up late. (late = after the usual / right time) Have you seen Jack lately? (lately = recently) We flew high above the city. (high = a long way above the ground) He's a highly intelligent boy. (highly = very) Adverbs of manner We use adverbs of manner (quickly, fast, carefully, etc.) to describe how someone or something does something. Adverbs of manner usually come after the verb or after the object, if there is one. She writes carefully. David plays the piono beautifully. Adverbs of place We use adverbs of place (here, outside, etc.) to say where someone or something is, or where something happens. Adverbs of place usually come after the verb or the object. Il wait here, Leave your shoes outside. Adverbs of time We use adverbs of time (now, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.) to say when something happens. Adverbs of time usually come at the beginning or end of the sentence. Yesterday | stayed at home and watched TV. They're leaving tomorrow. Adverbs of degree + We use adverbs of degree to make adjectives or adverbs stronger or weaker. Here ‘are some common adverbs of degree: absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, fairly, incredibly, quite, rather, really, very. + Adverbs of degree usually come: ‘0 before an adjective or adverb, I feel really tired. He ran very fast. ‘o before the main verb. Jeompletely agree with you. © after an auxiliary or modal verb. She didn’t quite understand the situation. Adverbs of frequency ‘+ We use adverbs of frequency (always, usually, never, ete) to say how often something happens. Adverbs of frequency usually come: 0 before the main verb. ‘usually get up at half past seven. © after to be, when it is the main verb in a sentence. He is never late for school. ©. after an auxiliary or modal verb. Idon’t always have cereal for breakfast. Fo Order of adverbs When there is more than one adverb in a sentence, we usually use them in this order: manner © place © time. Jenny played beautifully at the concert yesterday. a Put the adjectives in the correct order. Add a or an. 1 huge, ancient, stone a huge ancient store caste pretty, oval, cotton con ipratty oval cotta. . tablecloth leather, green, horrible smn haere green bag silk, expensive, new seo expensive nee iI. shirt American, red, old snow ol fed American, car ‘tiny, wooden, black sven iy Black wooden. box paper, small, brown ° .

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