A 3. Acid & Base ‘ute hysrochiorcaci reacts with scstum carbonate souton, 1673/95 2HCI(en) + Na,CO,laq) -> 2NaCt¥ag) + HLOXH) + COxa) {) Explsin why effervescence is seen ding the rection. fa) Dit iti acid behaves as a typical acid in some rections but notin ther reactions (@) Dive nivic acid behaves as a typical acid when reacted with copper) ovids and with ‘copper carbon, Describe what you would see if excess duit nitic acd is added saparaty to Sold samples ‘of copper) carbonate end copper) oxide flowed by warming the modures, copper) carbonate Ni6V2IQ4 copper) oxide i (©) Vinen aiuto nic aia is ecdod to pices of eapfer and heated, 9 reaction takes pace and ‘coppe i) itate formed. (0) Part othe chemical equation for the react between copper and dilute nic acid is stown, Complot the chemical equation by inserting the formula of copper) nitrate anc balancing ths equation LCu(s) + BHNOJaa) >... ag) + 44.09) + 2NOKo) - (i) Hows the reaction of cite nti acid with cope ferent from that ofa typical wth apical aca? - m Tota 7) lat 73. Acid & Base 3. (@) Benylium hyde is amphoteric. eee ‘Berylium hyatoxide reac with adds. The ses formed contain positive berylhum ions. (0) vo tho formutaof the pasitve boryum ion . - = a (i) Wite_a chemical equation for the reactcn between beryl hydroxide and| Iydroctvic acd. . a Ail) Beryfium hycrexde also reacts with alkali. The salts formed contain berate fons, Boos Suggest a chemical equaton for the reaction between berylium hytoxide and) sodium hyroide soluon, - en) 4. (@) Load oxid is insoluble, A stutent adds sob lead) onde to lst nc acid unt the oad) oxide is in excoss. Aqueous lead} nitrate and water are preduced. (0) Whatis meant by the ferm excess? NI6/V3/Q3 = i) (1) How would ho student know hen the lead) oxda is in excess? (ll) Vito a chomiest equation forthe reaction.(9. Sultric ocd reacts wit a hydrecarton called bonzene to produce benzenesufonic ai CH.S0,H. Benzenesuionic acids a tong acid which nis to produce liyarogen tons, H abd henenestffonate ons, yH,SO,- NIGIVQS (0) Whats meant by the term stiong adie? : mee} (i) Describe how to show tata I mol/d soluton of benzenesulfonic acid is a strong adi, 2 (ii) rte _@ chemical equation for the readton between benzenesuonic acid and sodium carbonate, Na,CO,, a ‘Sor dletromate,Aa,Cr,0,, I red insoluble salt. Mi7IQ2 Slvr dichromate can be made by reacting siver rate solution with ammonium sichromat| ‘olution. The chemical equation fr the reaction s shawn, 2AQNO,(aq) + (NHL).CFO,(en) -> 2NH.NO,0q) + AB.C.O4s) (2) Describe how you coul obtain ure dy sobd silver dichromate afer mixing siver nitrate solion and ammonium coma sali 1 (6) ite aqueous sodium hydroxide was added fo he ammonium nitrate solution mo in the ‘eacton. The moure was then warmod and damp Universal Indicator paper was held above ‘he mitre, ‘Stata and explain whet would happen tothe Universal ndiator paper.3. Acid & Base ‘Some oxios of some olamants ar od, sivug2 COCO, NaxO MgO ALO, SO, Py SO, CLO, 0:0, {)Answor the flowing questions using only oxides rom the Ist. Each oxide may be used once, ‘more than once or nota al Give he formula of an oxide (0) hich is tho main cause of acid rain, - (i) which would give solution of p14 whon ado to war, (ii) which s coloured, . (@v) whichis the major impurity in ron ore, (¥)_ whichis amphoteric, (i) whichis nour. : ‘ei (©) Amphoterc oxides and nowt oxides are diferert from each other. (hats meant by tho term anrphoteric axe ny (Whats meant by the ton neutral oxide? uy Tota:‘Acid & Base Magnesium sua and lead) sults aro examples of sats JITIVIQ3 (@) A student prepared magnesium suliate crystals starting fom magnesium carbonate, The ‘Student camied out the exparimertin fur stops. step 1 The student addec excess. magnesium carbonate to a small volume of lle sultricacid unl no more magnesium carbonate would react. step 2. Tho student fitted he mixture. step Tho student heated he filtrate obteined from step 2 uni was saturate. step 4 The student llowod no hot late tc cool to room temperature and then removed the crystals which femed, (0) How oid the student know when the reaction had fished in step 4 (1) tame the residue in step 2 (ai) saturated solution forms in step 3 \What is saturated solution? (iv) Explain wy magnesium suite crystals form during step 4 i" " a m10. © @ 3. Acid & Base ‘Lead sifalo, PbSO,, is insole Describe how you would prepare a pure dry sarple of lead} sifato crystals starting trom solutions of ead} nitrate and sodium suite Include a series of key steps in yeur answer : - 4) ‘Slicondv) oxide is an acidic oxide. When silconV) oxide reac wth alkalis, the salts formed contain the ion SO, ey White a. chemical equation for the reaction botwoon siicon(T¥) oxide and aquoous| sodium hycroxde, : onsen QI Descabe how you would propa a pure ty sample of copper) nite cysts in tho lobolory using te nic na ad sel eopper) carbone pei Ineo a snes of key stps ia your anor 2193 ‘You Souls nude a chorea eqn fre rscton3. Acid & Base 11, (8) Aqueous sodium carbonata Is added to aqueous barium nate JUTIV3IQ6 (0) ito @ chemical equation forthe reaction of aqueous sodium carbonate with aqueous barium raat. — a {1t) Describe how a pure sample of barium carbonate could be obtained ftom the resulting mature. 12. (4) Einaroe acids a weak acid. NIT (han refering to an acd, what is moant by tho term weak? — : : 1 (i) Describe now you could show that ethanol ecid's a weaker acid than hyéroeiorc ac 13, (@ (0. reniton ake totes: 2 an eco soon of tri} suis food sonore ae NITWV3IQ3 atte a chemical equation forte reaction. " (1) Woon ron oxide added ute sulfuric aco, an aqueous Souton of om) suit | [stormed as one of th produas, ‘tite a chemical equation forthe reaction a4 18, 3. Acid & Base (6) Siver conde can be made by reacting aqueous sodium chorde wth aqueous siver nitrate ‘The ahor product of te reactions sogum rao, The chemical equation for he reaction is shown, MIBIQ2 NaCi(ag) + AgNO¥(0q) -» AGCKs) + NaNO,(aq) ‘A studantatiomptod to make the maximum amount of sodium nitrate crystals, The process| involved too steps. step 1 The student added aqueous sodium chloride lo aqueous sivernitrato and tired, Neither reagent wasn excess, step 2. The studont tered the mivture. Thostuont then washod tho residue and added the washings ote fate ‘step 3 The student obtainee sodium nivata crystals ftom te trate (0) Cescrbe what the student observed instep 1 (1) Why was the rescue washedin step 27 ti (Gi) Give the names of the two processes which occured in step 3 4 2 ai ‘Ammonis an important chemical MIsiQ4 (@) Armenia's 0 base. (0 Inchomisty, what is meant bythe term baso? ! in (@)iite a word equation to show ammonia behaving as a base,3. Acid & Base 16. (a) All sodium salts are solubie in water. Al nitrates ae soluble in water. Barium carbonate is insoluble in water. seVO4 Describe how you would make a ure, dry samp of barium carbonate by precipitation, Inet! ‘© De names ofthe stating materials fil practical detais © echemical equation,aw ww wy iy 3. Acid & Base 17, _(€) Dilute sufi acd is usod to make salts known zs sulfates. N18V2IQ3 ‘Amathod consisting of thre stops is used to mace zine sufato from zinc carbonate, ‘step 1 Addan excess fare carbonata ta 20cm of 0 Amatid alate sue acid unt ‘he reaction is comrlote, stop2 Fier tho miro. step 3 Hoat the itato una sturated soliton foms and then allow ito cystalise Name a sual pioce of apparatus for measuring 2c of lo sure ain stop 4 - n Slate two obsorvations whict wei show that he reactions complet instep 1. 1 - a \Wny is timportant to add an 2xcoss of zinc carbonate in step 1? = | Whats meant bythe term sauratod sotutionin step 3? a ‘The equation forthe reactions shown, ZnCOYs) + H,SOKeq) > ZASO{....) + HOM + COM) Complete the equation by inserting the state symbol for zinc sulfate, tH] Name another zine compound which could be used to make zine sutala trom ate suf acd using tis mothod. - m ‘Suggest whi this method would net work to make barium suite fom barium carbenata and alte suture ald, fo)18. 3. Acid & Base {() Ato the tration has been cometed, the corical flask contains an aqueous solution of potassium suifate and some ofthe dissolved indiator. Raa Descibe how o prepare a pure, dy sample of potassium sulfate crystals fom new soluions ‘of cite suunc acd and aqueous polassum hytioxide of he same Concentrations a used in {he tiraon. Include a series of key stops in your answer. : 5 io) (Dito sulturc ec reacts with basos, metals and carbonates, ‘Wie chemical equations for the reaction of alute suture acid with each ofthe follwing (0 agnesium hydroxide (iy ze (i) sodium carbonate3. Acid & Base () How would you show that an aqueous solution of ethancic acid is an acd without using an| ingistor or measuring the pH? Stal the reagent you would use and give tho expectod observations. Whe a chemical equation MI9/Q4 {or te reaction that you descnbe. © mogent “+ expected observations {€) Etmanoic acids a weak acid (0) Whats meant by the term aig? (@)_Winyis ethancic acd described as weak?3. Acid & Base 20, Ethanoicacd is a weak acid ae hydrochloric acd isa strong acid H9WUQd ‘Bot ethencic acid and hyérochionc acid dissacala mv aquaous solution. (2) (Define the term acid. E " {W) The chemical equation shows the changes which occur when the strong acid, Iydrochloe ac, added to water. HOt(09) -» Haq) + Craq) Complete tho chemical equaton fo show the changes which occur when the weak acid, ‘hance acd, is added to war. cH,cooH(aa) a () Astuent does expariments to show that hydrochric acids a strong acid and ethenoic acids {@ weak acid. The studont adds anexcoss of hydrochloric acid and an excess of etanaic acid to separa samples of lumps ofcalcum carbenae, Only e identity ofthe acids changed between te experiments All other contin are kept the Same, (]) State two observations whict would show that hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than| shane acd 1 2 a (1) The student uses the same size container and checks thatthe pressure isthe same for ‘each experiment ‘State three other conditions which must be kept he Same fo ensure fair testing 1 2 Bu a(4) A sudent prepares cystas_ of magnesium chloride by adding an excess of (6) ‘Siver chloride, AgCr is insoluble. ican be made by a precipitation reaction betwean aquoous| 3. Acid & Base ‘magnesium carbonate to 60.00cr¥* of 2. 00mal/en? nydrochloc acd “The student tors the modure and rnsos the restue. (0. Why doos the studont add an excess of magnesium carbonate? . 1] (l)_ Wry does the student ise the residue? . " (ti) Desenbe how the student would obtain pure crystals of magnesium chloride from the frat, - . 7 8 barlum chro and a sutable aqueous siver sa {)_ hatis meant by he term precptate? a (U) Name a suitable siver salt to use to prepare siverehride, Complete the chemical equaton to show the famaton of insoluble siver chlorido from] ‘queaus barium chlenge and he siver salt you have named name ofa suitable sver salt ac, + - +3 Acid & Base 21. () Phosphor, reacts with ot produce phosehonsCV) OHI POs yxgry2icy3 (0) We a chemical equation fr this reaction. (i) shat typo of chemical reaction is this? a] (6) Phosphorus) oxide, PiO. isan acidic cx PPhosohorus(V) oxide, PO. reals wih aqueous scalum hydroxide to form sal containing the phosphate on, PO, Water ithe only athe pout Write a chemical equation forthe reaction beweon phosphorus(¥) oxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide a {6} Phosphine, PH, has a simiar cherical structure lo ammonia, NH, ‘Armenia acts as a base whon it reacts with sufuie ec () Whatis meant by tho term base? 1] |W) tte 2 chemical equation forthe reaction between ammonia and sultric acs3. Acid & Base Coppel sulfate cystals, CuSO, SHO, are hydrated s19/V2195, Copper) sulfate cxystals are made by reacting copper) carbonate with lute sulfuric ac ‘The equaion forthe overall process is shown, CuO, + H,S0, + 4H,0 + C180, 5H,0 + CO, ‘stop 1 Powdered solid copper) catbonate is added lo 50.0em? of O.Smel/dmn? suite aid Lunt the copper carbonates in excess, step 2. The excess of copper) carbonate ts separated fom the aquecus copper sulle step 3. The aqueous copper sulle is heated unil he soln is saturated. step 4 The solution is allowed to coe and enystatise step 5 The crystals are removed and ried (©) tops 1-8 wore done comocy bu the mass of cystals obtained was less than the maximum Expan wy, - 1" {6} Statotwo observations thal would indicate thatthe copper) carbonates in excessin step 4 dee {) Tho sluion of aquoous copper sulate was heat untlt was saturated in step 3 (1) Suggest what is meant by he term saturated soso. (ll) Vibatevidence woud show thatthe solution vas saturated in step 3? (Qi) Vity should the aqueous copper sutate not be heated to drynoss in step 3?23, 25. 3. Acid & Base {€) Soma arbags contain steon(TV) oxide, J19V3/Q3 \Wher the airbag i used sodium exdo is formed, ids canbe assed as acid, amphoteric, basic or nea ‘Classy each of ase oxides: sodium vido sticant) onde. (4) Zinc side is amphoteric. NI9VLIQ3, DDesaibe two simple experimontso show that zine cide is amphotrc "Name the reagents you would use and describe fhe observations you would make, agent = eee cbservation reagent 2 . “This question is about suifiuic acd and substances that canbe made fom sulfuric aid (2) Suture cis tong ac. NIOWV3IQ6 ‘Whatis meant by tho term strong aid? strong 20d ii3. Acid & Base 26, (@) Aluminium exide reacts with acids and with aka. 20/02 (0) What term s used to describe an oxide that eas with cds and with aks? cone EH (i) Ausrinium oxide rac wth te stare acd form a sat Sat he nae and wt the format of tho seit ormed Ferma : ia | (ii) Auminium oxde reacts with dite sodium hyrosie to forma salt end one other product. Name the oer product, s 1 127, (@) Concentated sulturic acids dehydrating agent which can chemicaly remove wate rom aa OVO Both hydrated copper sulfate cystals and sucrose (a eugar), CxO, can be completely dehyerated by concentrated sulare acid Name the Soll produc formed in 2ach case nydraed copper) sulfate crystals a3. Acid & Base 28, (0) Ammonia reacts wih water to form fons OVS Ni + HO 2 NAY + OFF (0) How coes this equation show that ammonia, NH, behaves as base?” (i) Aqueous ammenia is described as a weak bese Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia, oH " | (li) Describe what is seen wien aqueous ammenia is ade to aqueous eopper(l) sufate, Unt further mange i seen a (6) Aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq) is @ song alka that reacts wih ate suture aid ‘exotermicaly, (Winat ype of reaction is his? - nm i) Complete the equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium hysroxide and cue salt ac 2NaOH + H,80, + * a 29, (b) Someacids ae described as weat acids. s20vzen Slate meaning ofthe term weak acs weak cis iai 30. (9 Ammenia is a weak base, N20VUQ3 (0) Explain the meaning of the tem base a (0) Suggest he pH of aqueous armenia3. Acid & Base 31, Solube sale can be made by adding a metal carbonste toa due aca 202102 (a) Gwe he formula ofthe aiute acd which reacts wth a metal carbonate to form a ritate sat : 1 (©) A student wanted to make hydrated ion(l) sulle crystals, eSO,"xH,0, by adding excess ‘ron() carbonate te dutesulturic acid, The student ‘lowed he procedure show | step 1 Add diute suture acid to @ beaker. step 2 Add small amounts of rel) carbonate th dite sulure acid in the seeker unt ‘ne ron carbonate in excess. step 3 Fler the mixture formedin step 2 step 4 Heat the irate unt itis» ssturated solution, Allow to coal ‘step § Once cold, our away the remaining sleion. Dry the crystals between fier papers (i) ry must te ond) carbonate be added inexcess in step 27 | Sate two observations in step 2 that would show that onl) carbonate was in excess. 1 - 2 i (ii) Desenbe what shouldbe doneduring step Ste ensure thereis a maximum yelof estas m (iv). saturated solution is formodin st Dsscribe what a saturated soliton Is, co) (Name a diferent compound tat could be used instead of onl) carbonate to produce hycrated ron) sufate erystls trom dite satu acd 13. Acid & Base (4) Insoluble sats can be made by mixing solitons of two soluble sats, ‘Astusent followed the procedure shown to make slvr bromide, an insoluble salt, ‘step 1 Add aqueous siver nirae to @ beaker. Then add aqueous potassium bromide and se stop 2 Filter the mixture formedin step 1. step Diy the residue (0) Sate the tom used to deseo this method of making salts (i) Give the obsorvaten the student would make during step 122. 3. Acid & Base (6) Zc reacts with cute suri acl to produce aqueous zie sulfate, ——N2O:V3/Q4 Zo(a) + H,82,09) + Z80,aq) + Ho) Hydrated zine sulfate crystals are made from aqueous zine sult, ‘Step 1 Solid zine is addled to tute suture ald unt zine i in excess, ‘Step? Excess zine ie ceparated from aqueous ne sulfate by fitation. Step3_ Aqueous zine sulfate is heated until the olution is saturated Step4 The saturated soluton allowed to coc ard erystalse ‘Step 5 The crystals are removed and dried, (0) ame the rescue in stp 2. (Gi) Instep 3,2 saturated solution is produced Describe what a saturated soution i, (li) Nome two compounds each of which react with due sure acd to produse aquscus| zhesulate, 1 2 m 23. Acid & Base (4 Wen hysrated magnesium suf ersta's,MigS0,°XH,0, are heated they give of wate. MaSO.xH,0(s) + MgSOJs) + xH,0%6) ‘Astusen cares out an experiment te determina the value of xin MaSO,-xH,0. ‘Step 1 Hydrated magnesium sulfate cysals are weighed. ‘Step? Hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals ware heated. Stop3_ The remaining solid was weighed, (1) Describe how the student car enure that allthe water i given oft3. Acid & Base Astucentwantad to make some zine chloride rystals, ‘The student flowed the procedure shown, step 1. Add excess zine power to due hydrochiore acid io form aqueous zine chloe step 2 Remove unreacted 2ne powder from the aqueous zine chide step 3. Heat he solution unt itis saurated. ‘step 4. Allow the saturated solution t» cool and remove te crystals that form, (2) Wrtothe equation forthe reaction instep 1. Include state symbole (©) Explsin why excess zine powcer s addled instep 4 (6) Suggest now untescted zine power is removed n step 2. (@) Asatrated olution stormed in step 3 ‘Suggest whatis meant by he term saturated stvton (6) Explan why crystals form as the saluton cools in step 4 (9. Nametwo zine compounds which react with due hyarochiovie aed to form zine cre fe) r " fo) a (6) excess calcium motal is used instead of excess zine powder in step 1, pure caleum chiorie| erystas do not form, Explain wy. 13. Acid & Base 34, This question about sa, BUVUQS (a) Saisthat are insoluble in water ae made by pesptation, + Least iodide, Pb, is insoluble in water. 3 Alrirates are solute in water + jal Sodium salts are clube in water ‘You ere provided wit sola eae) nitrate, PH(NO,). and soll sodium oad, Nal Descibe how you would make a pure sample of eae) iodide by precipitation Your answer should incluse practical éetas + Schomical equation for he preciptation reaction, 35, The symbols ofthe elements of Period 3 ofthe Peiotlc Table are shown, J24/V27Q1 [=] «[@]°]s[e]~] ‘Answer the folowing questions about hese elements Each element may be used once, moe than once onot at al ‘Write the symbol of an element which (1) oes not form an oxide3. Acid & (h) ferms an amphoteric oxide - | forms a binary compound with hyérogen that sa strong ac "1 36, (b) Sivernivateis a salto siver made by reacting siver oxide wah an cle, J24/V2/Q2. Wirt tho formula ofthe acid which reacts wih sitver oxide to form silver nitrate, "1 37. (@) Ammoniais @ base whic forms aweakyalkaine solution when disslved in water, (0) Cofin the term base 2112198 2 - m (i) Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia 13. Acid & Base 138, Ths question is about sats, JUV3IQS. (2) Salts that are solube in waor canbe made by the reacton between insoluble cartonates and ‘te acios, Zine suet e soluble n water You are provided wih sold zine carbonate, ZnCC,, and dite sultac acid, HS, Deseibe how you would make a pure ssmpleof zine sulfate cysts ‘Your answer should incude practical datas ‘2 how you would make eure thet al the dite suture acid has reacted 1 chemical equation forthe reaction.3. Acid & Base 139, Acids are important abocatory chemicals N2WW2Q2 (2) Some acids completely associate n water to fom ions. (0) State the term applied to acts that completely eissociat in water. " (i) Complete the equation to shew the complete dissociation of sure cid in water. 1,80, + el (it) State the colour of methyl orange in suture ald nm (0) The equation forthe reaction between powdered zine carbonate and cite nie acs shown, ZACOp + HNO oF ZAINOYpoins + HYOvans + Oy (0. Complete the equation by adcing state symbas el (ll) Astudont found that 2.59 of zine carbonate required 20em? of lute nite aid to reset completely Calculate the concentration of ute nic ae using the following steps: “calculate the mass of 1 mle of nC, a ‘© calculate the number of roles of 2nCO, acting on me ‘+ determine the numberof roles of HNO, ‘eactng mole| calculate the concentration of HNO, rmotian’ “4 (ots: 10) 19)40. 3. Acid & Base {@) Dilute suture 2d and aqueous sodium tycroxide can be used to prepare sodium sulfate erstas using a method hat invales ttre N21V31Q5 site sulfur aclé (omen 25.0cm aqueous sodium nycroxide (Suggest why universal ndiogbr isnot sullabe for this tivation, ty] (i) Name an indicator that can be used in his tatien, ty 20.0cm of cue sure acid neutralses 25 Oem? of 1.00mel/d aqueous sodium hydroxide [At the enc ofthe tration the conical flask contains aqueous sosium sulfate wih th cisselved Indeator as an impunity. (6) Desrbe how to prepare a pure simple of sodium sulfate crystals rom the original solitons of due suture acid and aqueous soasum hycronde ofthe same concentrations, ‘You a not required to give details of how to arry out the titration41. 3. Acid & Base () Zincsuifate estas, 2n80,7H,0, are hydrated AWNIQ6 Zinc suitate crystals are made by reacting zinc carbonate with dlute suture a “The equaton forthe vera process is shown 2nCO, + H,60, + 6HO -» 2nS0-7H,0 + CO, step Large pleces of sols zie carbonate ae added to ute eufurie acid unt the zine carbonata isin exces. This forms aqueous ane sulfate, step2 Tho excess zinc carbonates separated fom the aqueous zine sulfate step3 The aqueous ne sia fx heated unt! a saturated eouton i formed. ‘step The salrated soliton i allowed to cael an erystalse, ‘step The cxysals are removed and ered (0) step 4 zinc carbonate is in excess when no more zine carbonate eissoves State one other observation ‘hat indicates te zinc carbonate isin excess in step 4 " (il) Namo a diferent substance, cher than zie carbonate, that ean be added to dite sulfuric acid o produce aquecus zinc sulfatein step 1 _ 1 (ii) stop 4 is repeated using pondered zine crtonete instead of age pieces. ‘A other conltions are kept sare “he ae of reaction neroases. ‘ve. reason why the rate of eaction increases. Expain your answerin terms of particles, (iv) Suggest what is observed whan the solution saturated in step 3 1] (W) The formals of2ine suite enstae fs 2nS0,7H,0. {Give the formula ofthe sold ermal ifthe crystals are heated io cryness in step 2 m2. 3. Acid & Base Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH), is sight soluble in wats. s221V21Q2 {) Calcium hyeroxide can be made bythe reaction of ealeium with water, (0) White the chemical equation fi this reaction. z eB (Name anether substance tha resets with water te fom calcium hydroxide — a (8) When calcium hycroxce cssolvesin water it ssociates into ions and forms a weak akaine solution, (0) Suggest the pi of aqueous eatsiom hysroxi, oT (i) Give the formula ofthe in responsible for making the solution alkane ty} {) Limowater i 2 saturated oluton of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) (a). (0) Name the gas imewater is usod to tot fr 0 (i) Suggest what is meant by tho term saturated solution. a ) Describe how you would makea sample olimewater stating with solid callur hyehonde,3. Acid & Base 43, This question about nitrogen and compounds of nitogen. B221V31Q3 {2} Nitrogen molecules have the forma N, ‘Some propertes of nivogen are siown: meting point of 210°C 2 foling point of 105°C rnon-conductr of eletety wien sold _Inslubie in wate. (i) Name the ype of bonding between the atoms in an N, molecule, : soon (1 (i) Explain, in terms of atracive forces between particles, why nitrogen has @ ow meting pont "1 Esplin why niragen does net conduct elect m (b) Nitogen reacts with hyerogen to frm ammonia, Ul, nthe Haber process. ‘State he essential contions inthe Haber process White an equation forthe chemical reaction | - “4 () Ammenia is made in he laborstrs by heating ammonium chloride with calium hy oxide, Balance the chemical equation forthe reaction, NHC! + Ca(OH, > Ny # CaCl, + HO a3. Acid & Base (4) Hydazine, NAH, 8 another compound thal contensnivogen and hydrogen, Complete the dotand-cross cagram to show ‘he electron arangement in a molecule of hydrazine. Show outer electrons only (e) Ammonia and hyerazine are weak bases, “The chemical equation forthe easton between ane molocule of ammonia and one molecule of wae is shown NH + HO 8 NHL’ + OFF (@) State the meaning ofthe term base, 1 i) Vito a chemical equation forthe reaction behwesn on malecula of hydrazine, NM, and ‘one molecule of water, 0"