Sociology in Modules 4th Edition T Schaefer Test Bank

Sociology in Modules 4th Edition T
Schaefer Test Bank

Visit to Download in Full: https://testbankdeal.com/download/sociology-in-modules-4t
h-edition-t-schaefer-test-bank/
Chapter 08 - Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States
Chapter 08
Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or

power is called
A. socialization.
B. status.
C. social structure.
D. social inequality.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Stratification
2. Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of
people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society?
A. social mobility
B. stratification
C. hypergamy
D. status

Blooms: Remember
8-1
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. An ascribed status is a social position

A. attained by a person largely through his or her own effort.
B. assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique characteristics or talents.
C. based solely on income and wealth.
D. based solely on lifestyle.

Blooms: Remember
4. An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and
is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n)
________ status.
A. ascribed
B. achieved
C. horizontal
D. structural

Blooms: Apply
Question Category: Application-Concept
5. A system of enforced servitude in which people are legally owned by others is known as
A. feudalism.
B. slavery.
C. communism.
D. a caste system.

Blooms: Remember
8-2
6. Which of the following statements about slavery is true?

A. It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality.
B. The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the U.S. and in ancient Greece.
C. Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece.
D. Slavery in the U.S. was considered an achieved status.

Blooms: Remember
Question Category: Information
7. Which of the following terms refers to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed,
immobile, and generally religiously dictated?
A. tenures
B. slavery
C. castes
D. feudalism

Blooms: Remember
8. Some sociologists have suggested that in the southern U.S. in the pre-civil rights era, an
African American individual was born into a status that would always be subordinate to the
status of all of the White members of the community. This is an example of a(n)
A. estate system.
B. class system.
C. caste system.
D. feudal system.

Blooms: Understand
8-3
9. A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them
by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as a(n)
A. estate system.
B. slavery system.
C. caste system.
D. peonage system.

Blooms: Remember
10. A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on

A. age.
B. caste.
C. economic position.
D. religious and ethnic background.

Blooms: Understand
11. A woman is born into a homeless single-parent family. She is very talented, and as an
adult she becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents
which type of stratification system?
A. caste
B. class
C. estate
D. slavery

Blooms: Apply
8-4
12. In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class
contains the smallest portion of the population?
A. lower class
B. lower-middle class
C. working class
D. upper class

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States.
Topic: Class
13. A single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be
considered
A. upper class.
B. middle class.
C. lower middle class.
D. working class.

Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States.
Topic: Class
14. Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on
A. class differentiation.
B. achieved status.
C. the Protestant work ethic.
D. religious factors.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max
Weber.
Topic: Perspectives on stratification
8-5
15. Capitalism is an economic system in which

A. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.
B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of
people's ability to produce.
C. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic
activity is the accumulation of profit.
D. None of these answers is correct.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
16. Which term was used by Karl Marx to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of
production?
A. bourgeoisie
B. proletariat
C. peasantry
D. oligarchy

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
17. In Karl Marx's view of class-conscious workers in revolt, who will guide the working
class in its struggle?
A. bourgeoisie
B. revolutionary leaders
C. proletariat
D. peasantry

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
8-6
18. Karl Marx used the term proletariat to refer to the

A. capitalist class.
B. owners of the means of production.
C. working class.
D. middle class.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
19. In Karl Marx's view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls
the
A. mass media.
B. primary mode of economic production.
C. legislature.
D. most powerful religious organizations.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
20. Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to

A. an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective
position.
B. the reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation.
C. a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests
and the need for collective political action to bring about social change.
D. the respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
8-7
21. Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to an attitude held by members of
a class that does not accurately reflect the class's objective position?
A. false consciousness
B. bourgeoisie consciousness
C. class consciousness
D. proletariat consciousness

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
22. In Karl Marx's view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can
achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed a
A. bourgeoisie consciousness.
B. class consciousness.
C. false consciousness.
D. caste consciousness.

Blooms: Apply
Weber.
23. One shortcoming of Karl Marx's work is that he failed to anticipate the
A. end of feudalism.
B. extent to which political liberties and relative prosperity could contribute to a false
consciousness.
C. effects of alienated labor on the working class.
D. conflict between various capitalist nations.

Blooms: Understand
Weber.
8-8
24. Max Weber uses the term class to refer to people who share a similar level of
A. culture.
B. wealth and income.
C. power.
D. esteem.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
25. Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of
stratification?
A. conformity, deviance, and social control
B. class, status, and power
C. class, caste, and age
D. class, prestige, and esteem

Blooms: Understand
Weber.
26. In Max Weber's view,

A. people hold three distinct ranks in society.
B. our position in a stratification system reflects some combination of class, stigma, and
power.
C. our rank in society is determined by four separate variables.
D. All of these answers are correct.

Blooms: Understand
Weber.
8-9
27. Status group refers to

A. people who share a similar level of wealth and income.
B. people who share the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class position.
C. members of a class who have a subjective awareness regarding their common vested
interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change.
D. a feudal class.

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
28. Every evening at a neighborhood bar, the clientele—construction workers, police officers,
plumbers, and factory workers—watch sports events on the big screen television set and play
pool. The people who hang out in this bar are an example of a
A. status group.
B. power group.
C. class.
D. caste.

Blooms: Apply
Weber.
29. Max Weber defined ________ as the ability to exercise one's will over others.
A. control
B. status
C. class
D. power

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
8-10
30. The owner of a major league baseball team can fire employees for not winning a pennant,
can have the city build him a new ballpark, and can prevent organizations that compete
against his own team from airing advertisements during the team's televised games. In Max
Weber's view, this owner would most likely be considered as having
A. power.
B. class.
C. esteem.
D. status.

Blooms: Apply
Weber.
31. Thorstein Veblen suggested persons at the top of the social hierarchy convert wealth into
conspicuous consumption, while the behavior of the lower classes is often subjected to
ridicule. Veblen's views are from the
A. functionalist perspective.
B. conflict perspective.
C. interactionist perspective.
D. feminist perspective.

Blooms: Understand
Weber.
Topic: Sociological perspectives
8-11
32. What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the
social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for
dinner?
A. consumption flow
B. inconspicuous ridicule
C. conspicuous leisure
D. consumptive frivolity

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
33. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that most talented people
would not go to school for many years to become biochemists if they could make as much
money and gain as much respect working as elevator operators?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification.
34. Which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in
significant political, economic, and social inequality?

Blooms: Understand
8-12
35. Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of
society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need
to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which
perspective?
D. global perspective

Blooms: Understand
36. The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis
of
A. criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence.
B. self-assessment.
C. assessments by friends and colleagues.
D. the neighborhoods in which they reside.

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification.
Topic: Measuring stratification
37. Prestige refers to the

A. reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation.
B. ability to exercise one's will over others.
C. respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society.
D. people who have similar levels of wealth and income.

Blooms: Understand
8-13
38. Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an
occupation?
A. power
B. prestige
C. esteem
D. status

Blooms: Understand
39. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class
have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank,
thereby elevating the status of males?

Blooms: Understand
40. An individual's salary and wages are referred to as

A. wealth.
B. income.
C. prosperity.
D. finances.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States.
Topic: Income and wealth
8-14
41. A panhandler makes $15 to $20 per day on the streets. This is his
A. status.
B. prestige.
C. income.
D. wealth.

Blooms: Apply
42. Wealth is
A. all of a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property.
B. salaries and wages.
C. a term used by Max Weber to refer to people who have a similar level of income and
prestige.
D. a term used by Thorstein Veblen for people who have the same lifestyle, independent of
their class position.

Blooms: Understand
43. A well-known Hollywood actress owns a home in Beverly Hills and another one on the
French Riviera. She also owns her own movie production company, along with a large stock
portfolio. The total of the different things she owns is considered her
A. income.
B. caste.
C. esteem.
D. wealth.

Blooms: Apply
8-15
44. The federal tax policies of the last four decades, especially in the 1980s and in the ten
years from 2001 to 2010, have favored
A. people below the poverty line.
B. lower-class income earners.
C. middle-class income earners.
D. the affluent.

Blooms: Remember
45. The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than
a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that
A. poverty is absolute.
B. poverty is relative.
C. medicine is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries.
D. Americans are ethnocentric.

Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives.
Topic: Poverty
46. Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty?

A. A homeless man in tattered clothing begs in the streets for money and food.
B. A dual-career couple lives in a suburban community and struggles to pay their monthly
bills.
C. A family owns two luxury automobiles, but their friends and neighbors typically own three
such vehicles.
D. None of these answers is correct.

Blooms: Apply
Topic: Poverty
8-16
47. The commonly used "poverty line" measure of poverty, used by the federal government,
measures which type of poverty?
A. relative poverty
B. absolute poverty
C. elementary poverty
D. dramatic poverty

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Poverty
48. Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the
bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole?
A. absolute poverty
B. elementary poverty
C. relative poverty
D. dramatic poverty

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Poverty
49. By 2014, female householders accounted for 54 percent of the poor in the U.S. This
alarming trend is referred to as
A. discriminating poverty.
B. elementary poverty.
C. the feminization of poverty.
D. dramatic poverty.

Blooms: Remember
Topic: Poverty
8-17
50. Which sociological perspective suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single
mothers are due to the difficulty women have in finding affordable child care; to sexual
harassment; and to sex discrimination in the labor market?

Blooms: Understand
Topic: Poverty
51. A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed
many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are
poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities
nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter
are an example of
A. the underclass.
B. structural mobility.
C. an estate.
D. false consciousness.

Blooms: Apply
Topic: Poverty
8-18
52. Which sociologist has identified a number of social, economic, and political functions that
the poor perform for society (e.g., poor people do society's dirty work at low cost; poverty
creates jobs for those in occupations serving the poor; the existence of poor people guarantees
the higher status of the more affluent)?
A. Herbert Gans
B. Émile Durkheim
C. Peter Blau
D. Daniel Rossides

Blooms: Remember
Question Category: Sociologists
Topic: Poverty
53. Which of the following statements about the minimum wage in the U.S. is accurate?
A. Higher-income workers charge that minimum wage workers are often guilty of wage theft.
B. The purchasing power of the minimum wage tends to shrink over time.
C. Proponents of the minimum wage often refer to it as a "living wage" to make it sound more
attractive.
D. Economists are in majority agreement that increases in the minimum wage tend to cause
the economy to shed very large numbers of jobs.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: Poverty
54. Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods,
positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as
A. power.
B. wealth.
C. life chances.
D. status.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification.
Topic: Life chances
8-19
55. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health
and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways?

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification.
Topic: Life chances
56. Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position
of society's stratification system to another?
A. social mobility
B. life chances
C. relative poverty
D. social distribution

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe social mobility.
Topic: Social mobility
57. A stratification system that implies that the position of each individual is influenced by the
person's achieved status is referred to as a(n)
A. open stratification system.
B. closed stratification system.
C. egalitarian class system.
D. fractured class system.

Blooms: Remember
8-20
58. Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people
realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of
our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n)
A. open stratification system.
B. closed stratification system.
C. egalitarian class system.
D. fractured class system.

Blooms: Apply
59. An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets
on the basketball court and engaging in every game that he can play. His skills become
outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play
in the National Basketball Association. This is an example of
A. vertical mobility.
B. ascribed status.
C. horizontal mobility.
D. structural mobility.

Blooms: Apply
60. A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the
U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced
A. structural mobility.
B. horizontal mobility.
C. upward intergenerational mobility.
D. institutional mobility.

Blooms: Apply
8-21
61. Which sociologist first made the distinction between vertical and horizontal mobility?
A. Ferdinand Tönnies
B. Émile Durkheim
C. Pitirim Sorokin
D. Wilbert Moore

Blooms: Remember
Question Category: Sociologists
62. Research concerning the degree of social mobility that exists within the occupational
structure of the U.S. indicates that
A. occupational mobility has been common among males.
B. much of the social mobility in the U.S. covers a very "great distance."
C. occupational mobility among African Americans is no longer sharply limited by racial
discrimination.
D. All of these answers are correct.

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States.
63. Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than
it did in the past?
A. A.A./A.A.S.
B. B.A./B.S.
C. M.A./M.S.
D. Ph.D.

Blooms: Remember
True / False Questions
8-22
64. The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is a caste
system.
FALSE

Blooms: Remember
65. Varnas refers to the major castes in India.

TRUE

Blooms: Remember
66. Peasants being required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military
protection and other services is referred to as a caste system.
FALSE

Blooms: Remember
67. According to Karl Marx, a worker with class consciousness may feel that he or she is
being treated fairly by the bourgeoisie, while a worker with a false consciousness realizes that
all workers are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and have a common stake in revolution.
FALSE

Blooms: Understand
Weber.
8-23
68. Max Weber argued that the actions of individuals and groups can be understood solely in
economic terms.
FALSE

Blooms: Remember
Weber.
69. Stratification is universal, in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality
among members.
TRUE

Blooms: Understand
70. Even if stratification is inevitable, the functionalist explanation for differential rewards
does not explain the wide disparity between the rich and the poor.
TRUE

Blooms: Understand
71. Conflict theorists argue that stratification will inevitably lead to instability and to social
change.
TRUE

Blooms: Understand
8-24
72. The United Nations has valued the unpaid work performed by women in child care,
agriculture, and housework at $11 trillion.
TRUE

Blooms: Remember
73. The concentration of wealth in the U.S. has decreased substantially in the last two
decades.
FALSE

Blooms: Remember
74. A 2013 Federal Reserve Bank study showed that in the United States, the wealth of the
top 3 percent exceeds the collective wealth of the bottom 97 percent.
TRUE

Blooms: Remember
75. Conflict theorists would argue that poverty is functional in the U.S. system.
FALSE

Blooms: Understand
Topic: Poverty
8-25
76. Men are more likely than women to withdraw from the workforce when their skills far
exceed the jobs offered to them.
FALSE

Blooms: Remember
Essay Questions
77. Describe the differences between ascribed status and achieved status. Give examples to
support your answer.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
78. Describe how Lenski's view of stratification can represent a synthesis of the conflict and
functionalist views of stratification and poverty.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
Topic: Poverty
8-26
79. Discuss Karl Marx's views on class differentiation. Define the terms bourgeoisie and
proletariat. Describe what Marx termed a false consciousness, and give an example to support
your answer.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
Weber.
80. Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict views of social stratification. Give
examples of each view to support your answer.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
Weber.
81. Describe the effort of the International Women Count Network to give a monetary value
to women's unpaid work. What are the social and economic implications of this effort?
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
82. Describe the various issues surrounding the definition of poverty. Define the difference
between absolute and relative poverty.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
Topic: Poverty
8-27
83. Analyze the impact of ascriptive characteristics such race, gender, and family background
in the occupational structure of our society.
Answer may vary.
Blooms: Analyze
8-28

Sociology in Modules 4th Edition T Schaefer Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sociology in Modules 4th Edition T Schaefer Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sociology in Modules 4th Edition T

Schaefer Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. An ascribed status is a social position

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. Which of the following statements about slavery is true?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. Capitalism is an economic system in which

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18. Karl Marx used the term proletariat to refer to the

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20. Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26. In Max Weber's view,

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27. Status group refers to

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37. Prestige refers to the

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40. An individual's salary and wages are referred to as

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46. Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation