Solar System 9th Edition Seeds Test Bank

Solar System 9th Edition Seeds Test
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Chapter 06 - Light and Telescopes
True / False
1. Red light of the visible light spectrum has longer wavelengths than blue.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 6-1 Radiation: Information from Space
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-1 - What is light?
OTHER: Bloom's: Remember
2. Cosmic rays are made of photons.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 6-6 Nonelectromagnetic Astronomy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-3 - What are the powers and limitations of telescopes?
OTHER: Bloom's: Understand
3. Refracting telescopes use a mirror to gather and focus light.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 6-2 Telescopes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-2 - How do telescopes work?
4. Refracting and reflecting telescopes form an image that is small, inverted, and difficult to observe directly; therefore, an
eyepiece is normally used to magnify the image and make it convenient to view.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. Reflecting telescopes suffer from chromatic aberration because the light must pass through the glass.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. The larger the diameter of a telescope, the more light it will collect.
a. True
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b. False
ANSWER: True
7. Resolving power is measured in nanometers.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. Radio telescopes are often located near populated areas.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 6-3 Observatories on Earth: Optical and Radio
9. All telescopes must be operated on site by an astronomer or a technician.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-4 - What kind of instruments do astronomers use to record and analyze
light gathered by telescopes?
10. Space-based telescopes carrying long-wavelength infrared detectors must carry coolant such as liquid helium to chill
their optics to near absolute zero temperature.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 6-4 Airborne and Space Observatories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-5 - Why are some telescopes located in space?
11. Short-focal-length lenses and mirrors must be strongly curved.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

Multiple Choice
12. Visible light with wavelengths at the long-wavelength end (l= 700 nm) appears as which color?
a. red
b. orange
c. yellow
d. green
e. blue
ANSWER: a
13. What unit is used to measure wavelengths?

a. arc second
b. photons
c. degrees
d. nanometer
e. pixels
ANSWER: d
14. Which type of electromagnetic wave is the shortest?

a. radio
b. X-rays
c. visible light
d. gamma
e. microwave
ANSWER: d
15. Which form of electromagnetic radiation is able to easily reach Earth’s surface through an atmospheric window?
a. microwave
b. radio
c. X-rays
d. gamma
e. ultraviolet
ANSWER: b

16. Why are X-rays and gamma rays considered dangerous forms of light?
a. These forms of light are only produced by large, dangerous machines.
b. There is no form of protection from these forms of light.
c. These forms of light break through Earth’s atmosphere.
d. Photons of these wavelengths have high energy.
e. These forms of light cause sunburn.
ANSWER: d
OTHER: Bloom's: Apply
17. Which part of a telescope is responsible for magnifying an image?

a. eyepiece
b. primary lens
c. primary mirror
d. tube diameter
e. photometer
ANSWER: a
18. What does a refracting telescope use to gather and focus light?
a. eyepiece
b. mirror
c. lens
d. photometer
e. active optics
ANSWER: c
19. What does chromatic aberration separate within refracting telescopes?

a. color
b. lenses
c. images
d. photons
e. focal points
ANSWER: a


20. Which telescope is the largest refracting telescope in the world?

a. Large Binocular Telescope
b. Gemini-North optical telescope
c. Very Large Array
d. Keck telescope
e. Yerkes Observatory refractor telescope
ANSWER: e
Figure 6-7b
21. In the above image, what part of the telescope is represented by the pointer?
a. primary lens
b. primary mirror
c. achromatic lens
d. secondary lens
e. resolving mirror
ANSWER: c
PREFACE NAME: Figure 6-7b
22. What characteristic of a telescope controls the amount of light captured by the telescope?
a. resolving power
b. magnifying power
c. size of eyepiece
d. number of mirrors

e. diameter of tube
ANSWER: e
23. If telescope A is 160 cm in diameter, and telescope B is 32 cm in diameter, how much more light does telescope A
gather than telescope B?
a. 5 times
b. 10 times
c. 20 times
d. 25 times
e. 100 times
ANSWER: d
24. Which power of a telescope reveals fine details within an image?

a. light gathering power
b. resolving power
c. magnifying power
d. focusing power
e. defining power
ANSWER: b
25. Diffraction, optical quality, and atmospheric conditions all contribute to the limitations of what power of a telescope?
a. resolving power
b. magnifying power
c. diffraction power
d. light gathering power
e. focusing power
ANSWER: a
26. Light gathering power and resolving power both depend on what characteristic of a telescope?
a. number of lenses
b. magnification
c. focal length
d. location
e. diameter
ANSWER: e
27. Jenny, who lives on a farm in a rural part of New York, calls her cousin, Karen, in Brooklyn to tell her that she can see
the Milky Way in tonight’s night sky. However, Karen says she can’t see it at all. What is preventing Karen from seeing
the Milky Way in the night sky?
a. Karen does not have a strong enough telescope.
b. Karen lives in an area with light pollution.
c. Karen isn’t in the same hemisphere as Jenny.
d. Karen needs to use a reflecting telescope.
e. Karen isn’t looking in the right direction.
ANSWER: b
28. What is a major selecting factor for astronomers looking to place a telescope atop a mountain?
a. non-turbulent airflow
b. percentage of tree-coverage
c. amount of precipitation
d. the country it is located within
e. the economics of the location
ANSWER: a
29. What telescope instrument is used to counter the eastward rotation of Earth?
a. Newtonian focus
b. sidereal drive
c. active optics
d. Cassegrain focus
e. floppy mirrors
ANSWER: b
30. Which type of focus is most common for larger telescopes?

a. Cassegrain focus
b. Galilean focus
c. Newtonian focus
d. Copernican focus
e. Schmidt-Cassegrain focus
ANSWER: a
31. What is so unique about the mirrors of telescopes such as the Keck Observatory, Gran Telescopio Canaries and the
soon-to-be-built Giant Magellan Telescope?
a. The mirrors are made of a newly designed metallic material.
b. The mirrors can fold up went not in use.
c. The mirrors are inexpensive.
d. The mirrors are segmented.
e. The mirrors are thin.
ANSWER: d
32. What is the shape of the segmented mirrors of twin Keck Observatory telescopes, Gran Telescopio Canarias, and soon
to be launched James Web Space Telescope?
a. spherical
b. hexagonal
c. rectangular
d. triangular
e. octagonal
ANSWER: b
33. What is the function of the receiver antenna of a radio telescope?

a. To absorb the radio energy collected by the dish
b. To collect and focus the radiation
c. To follow a signal
d. To move the telescope
e. To control the shape of the dish
ANSWER: a
34. Where would you most likely find a large radio telescope?
a. in a busy, populated area
b. at the peak of a mountain
c. on top of a tall building
d. in a mountain valley
e. near multiple radio towers
ANSWER: d
35. The ____ of a radio telescope collects and focuses radiation.

a. lens
b. dish
c. mirror
d. antenna
e. computer
ANSWER: b
36. Which is the longest surviving, and most successful, space telescope?
a. SOFIA
b. Chandra
c. Kepler Space Observatory
d. Hubble Space Telescope
e. James Webb Space Telescope
ANSWER: d
37. What type of electromagnetic radiation does Chandra collect?

a. visible light
b. ultraviolet
c. microwave
d. infrared
e. X-ray
ANSWER: e

38. Which telescope will be launched into solar orbit and eventually replace observations made by the Hubble Space
Telescope?
a. Hinode
b. Kepler
c. Chandra
d. JWST
e. Fermi
ANSWER: d
39. What modern-day instrument do astronomers use to record images from telescopes?
a. photometer
b. grating device
c. spectrograph
d. photographic plate
e. charge coupled device
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 6-5 Astronomical Instruments and Techniques
40. CCD images captured from telescopes are often ____ to be stored in a computer’s memory for later analysis.
a. pixilated
b. compounded
c. falsely colored
d. divided into smaller images
e. converted to numerical data
ANSWER: e
41. A spectrograph spreads out light according to ____ to form a spectrum.

a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. interference
d. aberration
e. grating
ANSWER: a

42. What technique often requires the use of a laser guide star?
a. active optics
b. photometry
c. adaptive optics
d. comparison spectrum
e. representational color imaging
ANSWER: c
43. The Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico is an example of the use of which astronomical technique?
a. spectral analysis
b. photometry
c. interferometry
d. resolving power
e. cosmic analysis
ANSWER: c
44. Why aren’t optical or radio telescopes used in particle astronomy, which studies cosmic waves and gravity waves?
a. Cosmic and gravity waves are too dangerous to detect.
b. Particle astronomy can only be studied in deep space.
c. Cosmic and gravity waves are too large of particles for ground-based telescopes.
d. Optical and radio telescopes can only detect electromagnetic radiation.
e. Optical and radio telescopes are not technologically advanced enough to capture these particles.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Non-Electromagnetic Astronomy
45. Which form of radiation has the lowest frequency?

a. gamma
b. microwave
c. ultraviolet
d. infrared
e. visible
ANSWER: b

46. What must be used to maintain the optics and operation of an infrared telescope?
a. filters
b. lasers
c. coolant
d. oxygen
e. tertiary mirrors
ANSWER: c
Matching
Match the name of the telescope to its description.

a. The largest refracting telescope in the world
b. The largest single radio dish in the world
c. An airborne telescope that captures short infrared wavelengths
d. Twin telescopes atop Mauna Kea whose primary mirrors are made of 36 individual hexagonal segments
e. A space-based telescope that detects visible, UV and infrared wavelengths
f. A next generation space telescope that will be placed in a solar orbit
g. Radio interferometers in the desert of New Mexico
h. A space telescope that detects X-rays
6-3 Observatories on Earth: Optical and Radio
6-2 Telescopes
ASTR.SEED.16.6-4 - What kind of instruments do astronomers use to record and analyze
ASTR.SEED.16.6-5 - Why are some telescopes located in space?
47. HST
ANSWER: e
48. Chandra
ANSWER: h
49. Very Large Array

ANSWER: g
50. Arecibo Telescope

ANSWER: b

51. Yerkes Observatory
ANSWER: a
52. SOFIA
ANSWER: c
53. James Webb Space Telescope

ANSWER: f
54. Keck Observatory

ANSWER: d
Completion
55. A lens called the _______________ is typically used to magnify the image and make it convenient to view distant
objects.
ANSWER: eyepiece
56. Large doses of _______________ light can cause sunburn and skin cancers.
ANSWER: ultraviolet
57. A optical distortion of refracting telescopes called _______________ causes a separation of colors, such as when you
focus on one color, the other colors in an image are blurred.
ANSWER: chromatic aberration
58. All large astronomical telescopes built since the start of the 20th century have been _______________ telescopes.
ANSWER: reflecting
59. Optical telescopes are intended for the study of _______________ light.
ANSWER: visible
60. Light-gathering power is proportional to the _______________ of the telescope primary lens or mirror.
ANSWER: area
61. Astronomers no longer build large observatories in populated areas in order to avoid _______________.
ANSWER: light pollution
radio interference
62. It is a common misconception that the purpose of an astronomical telescope is to _______________ images.
ANSWER: magnify
63. Built in 1963, the _______________ telescope in Puerto Rico is the largest single radio dish in the world.
ANSWER: Arecibo
64. Space telescopes carrying long-wavelength infrared detectors must carry _______________ for their optics to avoid
the insides of the telescope and instruments from blinding the detectors.
ANSWER: coolant
liquid helium
65. The Chandra observatory uses ________________ mirrors in which the X-rays reflect at shallow angles from the
polished inside of the mirrors to form images on X-ray detectors.
ANSWER: cylindrical
66. One way to measure and compare the strength of the radio signal at various places in the sky is to produce a(n)
_______________ in which each color marks areas of similar radio intensity.
ANSWER: representational-color image
representational-color map
false-color image
false-color map

OTHER: Blooms: Understand
Subjective Short Answer
67. Why are reflecting telescopes cheaper to build than refracting telescopes?
ANSWER: Mirrors are much less expensive than lenses because light reflects off the front surface;
therefore, only the front surface of a mirror needs to be made with a precise shape. Lenses are
much more difficult to manufacture than a mirror of the same size. The interior of the glass
must be flawless and pure, and must be made of two different kinds of glass requiring four
precisely ground surfaces. Refracting telescopes larger than 1 m would be prohibitively
expensive.
68. Explain the difference between cosmic rays and electromagnetic radiation, and how cosmic particles are captured.
ANSWER: Unlike electromagnetic radiation, which is made up of photons, cosmic rays are subatomic
particles such as electrons and protons traveling at nearly the speed of light, arriving from
mostly unknown cosmic sources.
Almost no cosmic rays reach the ground, but some of them smash into gas atoms in Earth’s
upper atmosphere, and fragments of those atoms shower down to the ground. Huge detectors
must be built to catch and count them. For example, detectors for some kinds of cosmic rays
have been carried on balloons or launched into orbit, while others have been built deep
underground where layers of rock filter out all but the most penetrating particles.
REFERENCES: Non-Electromagnetic Astronomy
69. Name all the forms of radiation within the electromagnetic spectrum in the order from shortest to longest wavelength.
ANSWER: Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves and
radio waves.
70. What are the three factors which can limit the resolving power of a telescope?
ANSWER: diffraction, optical quality, and atmospheric conditions
71. Why have so many optical telescopes been built atop Mauna Kea, Hawai’i?
ANSWER: To avoid light pollution and light scattering caused by water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere.
To get above the clouds to capture more light from faint objects in the sky.
Essay
72. Explain interferometry and provide an example of an observatory that uses this technique.
ANSWER: Astronomers have been able to achieve very high resolution by connecting multiple
telescopes together to work, in a sense, as if they comprised a single, very large telescope.
This method of synthesizing a large “virtual” telescope from two or more smaller telescopes
is known as interferometry. The images from such an interferometric telescope are not
limited by the diffraction fringes of the individual small telescopes but rather by the
diffraction fringes of the much larger virtual telescope.
In an interferometer, light from the separate telescopes must be brought together and
combined carefully. The path that each light beam travels must be controlled so that it is
known to a precision of a small fraction of the light’s wavelength.
Some examples include the Very Large Array in New Mexico, Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array in northern Chile, the European Very Large Telescope in
Chile, and the Large Binocular Telescope in Arizona.
73. What are the advantages of putting telescopes in space? Provide specific examples of three current space telescopes.
ANSWER: The greatest advantage is the lack of “seeing” distortion. A telescope in space is not limited
to Earth’s atmospheric turbulence and transparency. Space-bound telescopes can collect
radiation that is usually absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere.
HST: can detect fine detail, and because it concentrates light into sharp images, can detect
extremely faint objects
JWST (to be launched): avoids interference from Earth’s strong infrared glow
Chandra: operates in an orbit that extends a third of the way to the Moon so that it spends 85
percent of the time above the belts of charged particles surrounding the Earth that would
produce noise in its detectors
OTHER: Bloom's: Analyze
74. Why is magnifying power the least important of the three powers of a telescope?
ANSWER: Because the amount of detail that a telescope can discern is limited generally either by its
resolving power or the seeing conditions, very high magnification does not necessarily show
more detail. A telescope’s power is in its diameter, not its magnification, which can be
adjusted by changing out an eyepiece.
75. Why do large reflecting telescopes, like the Keck Observatories, have segmented mirrors?
ANSWER: Segmented mirrors of large telescopes reduce the weight of the mirror, therefore reducing the
weight of the rest of the telescope, making it stronger and less expensive. Also, segmented
mirrors prevents sagging (and thus breakage) of one, large, heavy mirror.
76. What is a spectrograph and why is it considered an astronomer’s most powerful instrument?
ANSWER: Spectrographs are instruments that analyze light in detail by using prisms or a grating to
spread light out according to wavelength to form a spectrum, revealing hundreds of spectral
lines produced by atoms and molecules in the object being studied. A comparison spectrum,
which contains lines of known wavelengths, allows astronomers to measure the precise
wavelengths of individual spectral lines produced by an astronomical object.
Because scientists understand the details of how light interacts with matter, a spectrum
carries a tremendous amount of information.
OTHER: Bloom's: Analyze

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2. Cosmic rays are made of photons.

3. Refracting telescopes use a mirror to gather and focus light.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

7. Resolving power is measured in nanometers.

8. Radio telescopes are often located near populated areas.

9. All telescopes must be operated on site by an astronomer or a technician.

11. Short-focal-length lenses and mirrors must be strongly curved.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.6-2 - How do telescopes work?

13. What unit is used to measure wavelengths?

14. Which type of electromagnetic wave is the shortest?

REFERENCES: 6-1 Radiation: Information from Space

17. Which part of a telescope is responsible for magnifying an image?

19. What does chromatic aberration separate within refracting telescopes?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

REFERENCES: 6-2 Telescopes

20. Which telescope is the largest refracting telescope in the world?

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24. Which power of a telescope reveals fine details within an image?

30. Which type of focus is most common for larger telescopes?

33. What is the function of the receiver antenna of a radio telescope?

35. The ____ of a radio telescope collects and focuses radiation.

37. What type of electromagnetic radiation does Chandra collect?

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41. A spectrograph spreads out light according to ____ to form a spectrum.

light gathered by telescopes?

45. Which form of radiation has the lowest frequency?

REFERENCES: 6-1 Radiation: Information from Space

Match the name of the telescope to its description.

49. Very Large Array

50. Arecibo Telescope

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53. James Webb Space Telescope

54. Keck Observatory

light gathered by telescopes?

Subjective Short Answer

OTHER: Bloom's: Understand

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