Tenses :

Present simple – past simple – past perfect – past perfect continuous – present continuous – past continuous
– future simple – future perfect – present perfect.

Present simple:
Use:
Habitual actions.
Examples:
- Lara takes the bus to school every day.
- Amine and Khalid take the bus to school every day.
Take : I – you – we – they Verb inf: I – you – we – they
Takes: he – she – it Verb+s : He – she – it

+s: verbs ending with consonants or e (works – describes)

+es: verbs ending with o - s – s – ss – ch – sh – x ( watches – goes)
+ies: verbs ending with consonant+y (studies – cries)
Negative: interrogative
Don’t+ inf: I – you – we – they Do+ Subject+ inf: I – you – we - they
Doesn’t+ inf: he – she – it Does+ Subject + inf: he – she – it
Indications:
Always – often – usually – sometimes – once a week – every . . – generally - on Sundays

Past simple:
Use:
Activities or situations that began and ended in the past.
Examples:
- We visited the museum last Sunday.
- He visited the museum last Sunday.
Visited: All pronouns Verb+ed: all pronouns

+d: verbs ending with e (described)

+ed: verbs ending with consonants (worked )
+ied: verbs ending with consonant + y (studied)
Negative: interrogative
Didn’t+ inf: with all pronouns Did+ Subject+ inf: with all pronouns

Indications:
Yesterday – last. . . – in 2010 – two years ago . . . – by 1900

Past perfect:
Use:
 Two past actions; one before another. The first action is in the past perfect and second is in the past
simple.
Examples:
- He had had a shower before he went out.
- I had had a shower before I went out.
Had had: all pronouns. Had+ past participle: all pronouns

Negative: interrogative
Hadn’t+ Past Participle: all pronouns had+ S+past participle: with all pronouns

Indications:
Before – after – when

Past perfect continuous:

Usge:
The same use of past perfect + a duration of time in mentioned.
Examples:
- The police had been looking for the criminal for six months before they caught him.
- A detective had been looking for the criminal for six months before he caught him.
Had been looking: All pronouns had been +gerund: all pronouns

Negative: interrogative
Hadn’t been+ gerund: all pronouns had+ S+ been +gerund: all pronouns

Indications:
Same indications of past perfect + for - all day - all morning
Present continuous:
Use:
Actions in progress right now.
Examples:
- Sara is writing a letter at the moment.
- I am writing a letter at the moment.
- They are writing a letter at the moment.
Am writing: I am + gerund: I
Is writing: He – she – it Is + gerund: he – she - it
Are writing: you – we – they are + gerund: you – we – they

Negative: interrogative
Am not+ gerund: I Are+ Subject+ gerund: you – we - they
Isn’t+ gerund: he – she – it Is+ Subject + gerund: he – she – it
Aren’t+gerund: you- we- they
Indications:
Now – right now – at the moment – listen – look – currently

Past continuous:
Uses:
1. An action that was in progress at a given time in the past.
2. Long action in the past that was interrupted by a short one.
3. Two actions were in progress in the past at the same time.
Examples:
- I was doing my homework for two hours yesterday.
- When I was reading the newspaper last night, the telephone rang.
- While they were reading the newspaper last night, their kids were playing hide and seek.
Was reading: I – He – she – it was + gerund: I – he – she - it
Were reading: you – we – they were + gerund: you – we – they

Negative: interrogative
Wasn’t+ gerund: I – he – she – it was+ Subject+ gerund: I – he – she - it
Weren’t+ gerund: we – you – they were+ Subject + gerund: we – they - you

Indications:
When – while – for + time in the past

Future simple:
Use:
Future actions.
Examples:
- I will travel tomorrow.
- He will travel tomorrow.
Will travel: all pronouns will + infinitive : all pronouns

Negative: interrogative
won’t+ inf: All pronouns Will+ Subject+ inf: all pronouns
will not = won’t

Indications:
Tomorrow – next. . . – this afternoon – tonight – soon – in 2050 – in two weeks. . .

Future perfect:
Use:
A completed action before a time in the future.
Examples:
- By the end of June, we will have finished the exams.
- By the end of June, he will have finished the exams.
Will have finished: All pronouns will have + past participle: All pronouns

Negative: interrogative
Won’t have+ P.P: all pronouns will+ Subject+ have+P.P: all pronouns
P.P= past participle

Indications:
By + time in the future

Present perfect:
Use:
Actions which started in the past and continuous to the present time.
Actions that have just finished
Unfinished actions
Examples:
- We have lived here since 2005.
- He has lived here for 2 years.
- I haven’t finished my work yet.
- We have just arrived there.
Have lived: I – we – they – you have + past participle: I- we – you - they
Has lived: he – she – it has + past participle: he – she – it

Negative: interrogative
Haven’t+ P.P: I – you – we – they Have+ Subject+ P.P: I – you – we - they
Hasn’t+ P.P: he – she – it Has+ Subject + P.P: he – she – it

Indications:
Since – for – yet – just – so far – recently – already –( ever) – (never)

Exercise 1:
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1. Look! The children (swim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the lake.
2. She generally (do). . . . . . . . . . . . all the housework by herself.
3. Anna usually (cycle) . . . . . . . . . . . . .to school.
4. We (see). . . . . . . . . . . . . . an accident when we (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . home yesterday afternoon.
5. I (receive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a postcard from Jane yesterday.
6. It (start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to rain while we (drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to the forest.
7. Nabil (run) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .when he (fall) . . . . . . . . . . . . . down and (break) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his
leg.
8. It (snow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when the plane (take off) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yesterday.
9. We (watch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV when the doorbell (ring). . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. I (not/ have) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a good time at the concert last Sunday. I (be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bored.
11. By 1960, most of Britain colonies (become) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . independent.
12. I (be) . . . . . . . late for the exam yesterday. The teacher (already/ hand out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. the exam paper when I (get) . . . . . . . . . . . . . to class.
13. She (never/ see) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .any of Picasso’s paintings before she (visit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the art gallery last week.
14. We (wait) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for David for nearly two hours before he finally (arrive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. yesterday.
15. Jack and Sam (play) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . football next weekend.
16. By the end of this month, I (send) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more than 200 emails to my friends.
17. This time next week, I (fly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to New York.
18. Paul and Linda have been married for a long time. By their next anniversary, they (be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . married for fifty years.
19. (go/you) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to your friend’s party last night?
20. I wanted to buy the tablet but they (already/ sell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it yesterday.

Exercise2:
Taken from previous exams
1. When he (finish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his studies in Europe, Kamal returned to Morocco. Now, he (work). . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . as a teacher at a university. He (just/ publish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a book on study
skills.
2. While I (watch). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a film the other day, I (hear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my neighbour
quarrelling with a stranger.
3. Last Monday, while firemen (try). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to put out the fire in the forest, two helicopters
(join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . them. Unfortunately, most of trees were destroyed. We hope that by the end of
2018, the local authorities (replant). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the forest.
4. Noura (not/be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sure when she was going to have the internet at home.
Yesterday, she (have). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a very pleasant surprise. When she got home, her father
(already/connect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her computer to the Internet.
5. In a press conference, the president of Al Amal association said:’’ Last October, we (start). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . a project to fight illiteracy. We (work) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with the ministry of
education on the same project since then. I guess by the year 2016, we (achieve). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . our goals.
6. Bob and David enjoy (watch). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . science fiction films. Yesterday, they (go) . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. . to the cinema, but when they arrived, they found that the film (already/start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. So, they decided to have a walk along the coast.
7. After Karim (get). . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . his visa last month, he (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to France to start an new
business. His wife (join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . him as soon as she gets her visa.
8. Hans: Were you still living with your parents when you (get). . . . . . . . . your bac?
 Salim: No, I (join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a boarding school in Casablanca three years before that.
Hans: Did you enjoy your stay there?
Salim: Not at all. I wish I (be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with my parents.
9. After Nabil (retire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . from work, he moved to the countryside.
10. I was too late for the music concert because I (not/ take) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the first bus.
11. Moncef Selaoui (graduate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .from the Free university of Brussles in 1983 before
he joined Harvard Medical School.