Oral presentation

Today I’m going to talk about forensic science. Forensic science is the application of scientific
methods and techniques to investigate crimes and other legal issues. These scientists are
trained professionals who help solve criminal cases by analysing physical evidence, such as
fingerprints and DNA to identify suspects and piece together the events of a crime. Even
though forensic science has many subdivisions, such as criminalistic, forensic psychology,
forensic chemistry, etc.., today I’m going to cover this branch of science and also give some
examples.

Forensic scientists can work in a variety of settings, including labs, law enforcement agencies,
and private firms. The job involves analysing evidence and presenting findings in court, which
can be a high-pressure situation. It requires a strong attention to detail and the ability to work
under tight deadlines.

To become a forensic scientist, you typically need a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such
as biology or chemistry and a strong fundamental background in the natural sciences.
Additionally, a strong analytical and critical thinking and excellent problem-solving skills, strong
communication skills, being able to maintain objectivity in their work when dealing with
confidential information, and the ability to work well under pressure are crucial requirement
to follow this career. Forensic scientists must also be proficient in using scientific instruments
and software programs used in analysis, along with the ability not only to work in a team but
also independently.

Usually, people who apply to this job tend to be very self aware (conscientiousness) and have
social responsibility, meaning that they are methodical and reliable. Additionally, mainly
introverts follow this career since it requires and open mind and eye for detail. Thus, most
earn up to 29k€ per year, even though in Portugal there aren’t many job offers to this field.
Nonetheless, abroad people earn up to 43k€ per year, which is a slight difference considering
the working conditions, by being exposed to dangerous situations and mainly staying in the
laboratory processing evidence.

The history of forensic science can be traced back to ancient times, where the world lacked
standardized forensic practices, which let criminals be able to escape punishment. However,
ancient techniques have lead to many concepts in forensic science, developed centuries later.
The first recorded use of forensic science to prove guilt comes from medieval China, when a
farmer was murdered by a sickle. Investigators gathered around all the sickles; one of them
attracted flies, therefore proving it was used in the murder. However, modern forensic science
as we know it today really began to develop in the late 19th century.

Working conditions for forensic scientists can vary depending on the specific job and setting.
Some forensic scientists work in crime labs, which are typically climate-controlled
environments with regular hours. Others may work in the field, gathering evidence at crime
scenes, which can be physically demanding and emotionally taxing.

Technology has had a significant impact on the evolution of forensic science. Advances in DNA
analysis, for example, have revolutionized criminal investigations by making it possible to
identify suspects with a high degree of accuracy. Other technological advances, such as
improved fingerprint analysis and the use of computerized databases, have also had a major
impact on the field.

In conclusion, forensic science is an important field that plays a critical role in criminal
investigations. It requires a high level of education, specialized training, and a strong set of
skills. The working conditions and salary for forensic scientists can vary widely, but the
opportunity to help solve crimes and bring justice to victims can be rewarding.