tech © Landscape Photography For BeginnersPhotoshop Lol ={=r-4) alae) bal [of tT) a LOL Computing For Beginners For Beginners Photography FRITZ!Box For Beginners Lael =a) Ce a att) For Beginners i=]E Te ea atid Photography For Beginners Coding C++ & Python For Beginners Persea inet Google For Beginners Landscape Photography old {tla edtech Landscape Photography For Beginners Sterol na eke a eee Pre eM se Kea UTR Celta UR Col ge Ween aU hol Meecha Tel celts Cen ig nel ele er eee OA aceon) acu esata Lee eer) See Tice ea a el eae LE Pon Ruri lasc Ul ama Mu UR SotC od WTEC cok oN eM eee lh cd ol Leconte rama NAS Ua Ll work?”. “What do you mean it doesn’t do that?”. “HELP!”. At the Sct ane meee Uoa AEs ed a bn aCe M URL Mn eR cokie- Ute fl =Ci(e (MeO lI) OM R etext RR aoe ny a1 Le) Soe ET acre ee Mocha ety oleae AW MMT EU eM OEIC eC Roll ala) -#-l ec yla cy lanceolata ol nasa ces) ce EUs le) Coie gos lea A0 (s(-M nl MeO D ole |e AoW crea nce) 0) A Te euler L nA RE el eer Keele (cm Etec) ares ee Over the page our journey begins. We would wish you luck but we're sure with our support you won't need it.SSCL UCSC VOU Ura Rie 13 photography and hopefully help you toenjoy using your camera and take Weg Tk LU eeeContents INTRODUCTION TO LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY. 10 _Typesoflandscape photography 12 _Inspirationalimages GEAR UP FOR LANDSCAPES 18 Camerasfor landscapes 20 _Lensesfor landscapes 22, Thetripod 24 Filtersand iter systems GETMORE FROM YOUR LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY Understanding your camera The exposuretriangle Whatisan Fstop? ISO. aperture andshutterspeed Understanding hyperfocal distance Software and apps ‘Top 30 landscape photography tips Inspirational images RESSSess LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY PROJECTS: 58 60 64 68. R 6 82 88 Inspirational images Sunrise andsunset The blue hour and nighttime Filters forlandscape photography Daytime long exposure Ruralandnaturallandseapes Coastal and seaside landscapes ‘The urbanlandscape Vistusat maw bsmpubleationscom fF FalowusonFacsbock BOMPubieatons Landscape Photography For Beginners. 6thEdtion sen s7menore47211 Publishedby:PapercutLimited Digital eistributionby: Readly AB, Zinio, Magater,Cateyn PocketMags © 2021Paparcut med Alig reserved Nopartt ‘ns publeaton may bereoroduedinany om, tren retro sytemor erated ary ae publeaton database or commerce pograms without {hoes urtenpermesn the pubis Un creurstnces shout Dispubeaton ands ‘ones bores ean or sod fry way ‘repre carseheson het tthe ‘ston we provide Papercut Lintedresees te ‘area be ea esprsbie fer ary mistakes ar Inacuraes urd mete of th puceston Due totneratu of eter nat te pubener canet guarantee that al ops ard sofware wl work ‘sey version of device remains the purchasers ae ‘esponsy to determine he stay t= book nd {scontent for water purpose Any =povrages Ces purposes oredr ot regresaisiveofcontet Wess petra bers to check sing pir fo [reise represrtatve cf he pubs oan of Slates. Therefore th uberis a responsi Inregadtoetoralopnien and content. Tiss anindpendentpuleaton ard as such des rot recesaiyrefet he mewsor oper ote Prokees of poser products conan win. This Pitheston's 100% unacal copes. respectne companies te shnoniedeed Reet (amie maou epee th courtesy of arc rt Products, Addons mages contaredwtinhs fubleston are reproduced unde tencetrom ‘Suttestck, Frees, tematoal aval ates tes and contant are sec change [lima wo orca tne of pubieston Same Cee ay have beer rei pLolhed nother ‘elumes or ties Popercuttitea epsterd Egan Was No 4908513 Frat averting and promt opportunites plese contact enqunesSemeuocatons com Fallowuson Twitter 28 MusINTRODUCTION TO LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY rity essenceat he scene vithautheneedfo dtl Heierearded {yranyasthefater impressions andinstrumentalingiingpresigeto landscapepaning WittsmTurersisinete stylet ‘manylandicapeimogestody ‘Thesumi-inkpainingsarea veryprestjcusfrmofartinIntroduction to landscape photography DS Sey aie aval eT) Cee esa uN uae ieee BCE eae ie aR aaa Cod RT ee ceca eet en cue Ce urease a Cae eee ae teiag Te eeu ed ae scp Rec ieee anes ea Ae) cnet ei OEE Ee Cs ae Bares eute so NV EUNICe eel ue cee role at seu (enor eects Tesi ase eae anne ate be an untouched and pure depiction of nature. For others the Renee meur sce eect cteu coun clones Pe ere ee ee (eae cc Cua eeene Cenc mee eee ieee and man-made art installations can all be considered landscapes eter secre lags ute Meee omnes Reena ene enc testa cams eee ee eet Eee cg luce Ml ene aeons econ Mere creer acon gee emery eee ee ene forms of art around the world would show very little that could be Conn ac eee iener ROMA MRI eae enor horizon line and perhaps trees and mountains are all you would be Tecnu cll muee enc ented ere og eee te nce cssee scacmert is Pee soma ce ctueca ccs ose eee corals rake tsa gay East Asia the landscape painting was probably one of the most PCS e |Types of landscape photography There's more toa landscape than you might imagine the word 'landscape'isthoughtto landscape where only thelighting, framing _berecognisable as anactuallandscape haveenteredthe Englishlanguage _andcompostionoftheimagearethemain _photograph, Abstraction occurs when you aroundthe 7th centuryastheword _siylingfactors lokat something thatis devoid of context, “Tandskip'andis derived fromthe Dutch Nextwrehavetheimpressionistie style Itisfarfrom beingaliteralrepresentation ‘Tandschap’.Itwas orginally used asa Like the works ofartthat preceded them, ofthe sceneitsel.Itismore theessence generaltermfor any workofart.Withthe _paintedbythelikesofCezanneandMonet, _ofthescene. the dea communicatedby passing oftime,iteventually became a impressionisticlandscape imageshave only showingpartofthe whole. Theimage termtodescribeasceneas.usedinpostry | amuchgreatersense ofthe unreal and canbeexpressedjustby its shape, colour. ‘and then as aterm for real views. ambiguity. Thelandseapeispresentinthe _textureandproximity.toftenbecomesonly Interms oftypesflandscape shotsoyoustilhaveaconnectiontoitbut about the feel ofitandis moretodo withan photography,.thereareseveralmainstyles. _isnotnecessarlythemainfocus. Shape, _emational connection thana teal one. Thefirstisknownasrepresentational.also _colourandtexture,forinstance. maybecome _Soastunning sunrise, abeautifulrock- called descriptive style. These typesare theimportantfactorswithintheimageand _strewnriveroraleafyautumnal woodland, ‘the mostnaturallookingofallthevarious realismisnot akey consideration. Post: Alltheseimagesandsomanymore, are typesoflandscape photography Thereare _productiontechniquescanalsocomeinto _out there waiting forthe photographer to ‘noadaltionalunwantedcomponentsor playaswelltecompletethephotographer’s capture. ver thefollawing pages wehopeto artificial elements. Thereisalsovery litle impression of the originallandscape. introduce you tothe beauty, exciternent and Inthe way of post-processingto sully the Finally wecometoabstractlandscapes. _creatiitythatlandscape photography has finalresult. Realism sthe key. [tisa pure ‘Anabstractandseape may actually not totter “Over the following pages we hope to introduce youto the beauty, excitement and creativity that landscape photography has to offer.” Paul Cézanne popular exponontt post Impressions paednewayloratwe ow consdermedemact,‘TYPES OF LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY Ae cere ee ZO eeeINSPIRATIONAL IMAGESINSPIRATIONAL IMAGESGEAR UP FOR LANDSCAPES!Gear up for landscapes! hoosinga camera system, lenses or accessories ( for landscape photography may seem daunting at first because there is so much choice out there. Manufacturers inundate us with features and gadgets that they tell us make their camera so much better than everyone else's. Beneath all the marketing babble, there is a wealth of choice available for every budget and skill level. With a little research and keeping a budget in mind, there is some great photography gear to be had out there. The following pages will give youa head start on where to begin and what to keep in mind as you search for your gear. It's worth noting as well that the cost of the camerais secondary to the skill and creativity of the photographer. An expensive camera does not automatically make youa better photographer. Many extraordinary images are taken with modest cameras, so don't get too bogged down with price tags. Although there are many new cameras on the market stuffed to the gills with all the latest tech, there are also large number of older models out ‘there that still offer amazing performance and could well be a secondhand bargain. =Camerasfor | landscapes Looking fora camera to shoot landscapes? landscapecamera? The answerisgoing tohave tobeno.I'shardtoimagine thattheresasinelecameracut there thatisperfectfor one specific purpose. Certainly some camerasaremore suited tolandscape photography than others and there area few key factors that are worth mentioning Sensorsizeisnot ecessaniyapime consdertionas youaremostikely goingto demandas much dept ofteldas posse inyourshets anyway Mesh ae's alsonotamajerconcernunessyouare ping tobe producing enéimousrints ieee ats [seecten perfect Photoshop Thefeara" contol youreanseriand 7 ng Bote lightand st ae SP See hatis weatirseated agai ~ dhistand mossture. thes = “issoichingtobear intl oul ~ hat youwovtabeikinglone stapes Ultimately echisca quality larger sensor formats wilruleth® roost. 35mm fl ‘frame DSLRs offergreat quality buteven they ‘have strugdiled to match the medium format cgitalcamerassucnastheHasselbiad H5D- SOwithapricetagup oten times thecostof apeofessional DSLR. They are geltingclose though. Cameras tke the Nikon DBOO with its36MP sensor andthe Canon SOSR with a50MP sensorarestatingtochallenge the ‘medium formatheavyneiehts. Lets take alook atfourmainareas ot camera designandtrytopickouta fewof the ‘maincontenders Point and Shoot Cameras Point and shoot cameras are relatively cheap.smallandlight, measuring around 10cml6hg with sbuiltn zoom lens. They tend tobe geared more towards their ‘automatic shooting ability but more and. more models offer full anual control and Raw shooting capability. Sensor sizes can range from about 12MP to 20MP Ifyou arelooking at producing large professional prints then this may notfitthe bill Keep in. mind the main considerations of meganixel land sensor size, the foal length ofits builtin Zoomers. battery lféand cost Highend models suchas the Sony DSC: RXIOOM3.at £526and the moremodest. ‘Canon PowerShot S110 af £250 fi intoatis arlicular category Mirrortess Interchangeable lens Cameras developmentin camera technology. They were designed from thé outset tobe intended purely for eigita, Unlike the mirror syste buitintoDSLRS,incominglight passes directy through the lens and hits the sensor Inthat way itis much ike apoint and shoot camera. The space saved_y not havinga bulky prism and mirror setup ithat you caninstallalarger sensor within 2 relatively compact body. You can purchase a number of gitent lenses that you can swap out eoendia on your ieeds, One ting tonote gift lenses, particularly wide angle lenses, Peenvoe qute.expensive Topotine range devices ine tne Ul “Ame 36MP Sony A7R at £850 and theme yudlget coneeous Clymptis OM DE-NaO wit a bantake tens at £475: _oaroimnye taEntry level DSLRs Digital SLRS are bigger cameras with larger APS-C sensors and a wide range of interchangeable lenses. They offer ful manual and creative control, These cameras alsocommand higher prices and many are quite heavy and bulky. That said theta have Complete control over shutter speed, ‘pertufé andIS0, means you have avery hands on experience and can learn much ‘bout your camera's capabiltes (end your ‘on by using tin fullmanual mode. They take pro level images with great detalland colour but they do require youto be on your. -gamein terms of your tectnical abit The 24.2MP Nikon D?200 with an 18-105 lens is anexcélent allrounder at £775 as is jing’24.2MP Canon EOS 7500 with 18135, lens 19r8740, Professional level DSLRs ne ofthe main diferences between, ‘anentryleveland professional DSLRis ‘the sensor size. Pro DSLRs have larger full-frame sensors that ae equivalent to ‘original 35mm film and measure 36mm, x 2mm, The larger sensors alow you toresolvegreater detallin yourimages thatiscritcalif you ae intending to shoot landscapes. Costs alimiting factor. these are not cheap, I'yauTare moving toone of these ater usingapoint and shoot, then ‘expecta steefilearning curve as wel. Be preparedto putin some time to get uses tothe camera. Also be aware that good ameras need good glass, You wll have topput your hand deep in your pockets for lenses. The Ganon EOS SDSrhas ahuge SOMP sensor and costs £2900 whilethe Niko? BIO hasan impressive 36M sensor and ‘Gosts $1800. Mare cost etfective models tnelude the £950 20,2 Canon EOS 6D ‘anid the Nikon 0750 with a 24 2MP sensor ‘oshig £1500, CAMERAS FOR LANDSCAPEStisanaccepted act thatifthereis ‘one ens that sinextricably inked tolandseape photography, tis the wwide-anglelens. tis often saidthat the lensinfluences the shot not the camera. “Thatis particularly true ofthe wide-angle lensinlandscape photography. As he name implies, a wide-angle lens captures ‘avery wide feld of view. Thisis ideal for ‘capturing the broad expanse ofthe scene the photographerisin.Italsodrawsin the viewer ofthe finalimagein ways that ‘azoomed narrow angle image does not. Good wide-angle lenses are also sharp and, ‘capture great detail Withthe adventof cigitalcameras.and theirvarious sensor systems, pinning down what awide-anglelensiscan betricy.f westickwithfl-frame photography (a sensor size of 36x24mmto match the old filmnegatve size thenagoodwideangle primelensstarts at around l4mm, capturing 114" feldof ew; a versatile wide angle zoorlens ives youarange of16-35mm, capturing around 98" fied view at the wide eed en Eines eee oi enter ee aes pees ‘end, However alatotcamerasystemsuse different sensor sizes andthismeansyou havetobearin mind whatisknownas the trop factor What thismeansisthata16-35mmlens designedto work on a36x24mm full-frame ‘sensor willproject animage thats too large foran APS-Gcamerawithasensorsizeot Just 22.2114 8mm (acrop factor of1.6) “The APS-C ensoriscapturing mage data ‘romasmaller area theremainingimage has ben ‘cropped by the smaller sensor ‘The 16-35mm lens will appear to workasifit were a25.6x56mmlens. Thesame ens on micro four thirds camera would appear tobe 229.4464 6mmlens, Becauseoflens mount systems, thereareoniyafew lensesthat ccanbeusedon diferent cameratypes, For instance youcan mounta Canon full-4rame EFlens onone oftheir APS-CDSLRcameras butyoucannot mountaCanon APS-CEFS lens ona Canon ful-frame camera, Ipurchasingacompact camera with anon-removablelens, your choices for shooting wide angle maybe limited, Alot cof compacts focus more ontheitzoom capabilties rather than their wide-angle ablity. Most compactcameras offernomore than about a28mm equivalent wide angle Imagequalitysalsoafactor,asthelenses ‘oncompact camerasare try incomparison tothe DSLR counterpartsandthis its themaximum quality youcanglean from thecamera.ltsnotuntilyoumoveuptothe Compact System Camerabracket that you ateabletoswaplenses fromarange that offer socalled pancake lensesaroundthe equivalent 20mmmarkas wellaslonger telephotolenses Although the often stated golden rule forlandscapesis wideris better, tdoesn't ‘mean you shouidn'tconsider other focal lengths for yourlandscapes. Telephato lenses by contrast offer small gimpses of thegreater whole. Parts falandscapecan be viewedinisolation,withagreater sense ofdstancebetwieen the viewer and the nthe photo whenusing focallengths Uparoundthe 100mm, 200mmandeven 400mmmark, subjeLENSES FORLANDSCAPES Papeete eae) ec remanent aire eee Teentaal eerste ee eg en eerens | See enna | Reet ae =~ Po ee)The tripod esse eee O RU Eee en OO Eee Coc ee ea) Cee a See ee preerte tein een pee ert when using long exposures, powerful ee eed eas Ded Ecc Pree eee) ec ae ete ert See eae cost hundreds of pounds. They comeinall Pee eae eee ee eee ees Met eee ect oe and Seen pCa) plasticheads and hinaluminiumlegsaretoo Seg ee Se ee as Seen ee aca es eee eee Cite eter? cs TLE See Es Tog eee ferro Teter aed ae ee aie) er er oe Cesare Ce Ca te eo eC ers eC ary See tae) ree erg) rein ets workasatriped. ean peste wrienits Eee ratd Ero eens Se eee Sea per oeed Pees‘THE TRIPODters have been an essential part F cetccesensretcre beginnings. Used creatively they ccanimproveahard:-to-capture scene, ‘add an extra artistic element to an image crjust provide bit of fun. Modern digital photo editing has provided an almost too easy method toaddfiter eects to animageafterithas been taken; some cffectsare better when applied by actual physical filters fitted to the camerawhen ‘the photois taken and this is particularly ‘rue with black and white photography. Let's take alook at some of thedlferent types of filter andhow they canhelp to Improve your photos. 1. UV filter ‘Thisscrev-on iter was used originally toblock UV light romhitting the fimin old ‘cameras. Modern digitalcamerashave UV ‘and InfraRed protection ontheirsensors now. s0 aU iter isemployedasa method of protection against scratchesand dust getting “onthefrantlenselement, Optionallyyoucanjust useagood quality clear lassfiterinstead. The higher the qualty of slassthebetter soasto ‘avoidghostingandtlare inyourshots.2. Circular polarizing filter Circular poarizersareidealfordigitalcameras. Wher correctly aligned thefitercanrenderlue skies dsrke with righter, white clouds, They canalso increase saturation andreduce reflections onshinysu.r‘ace= ‘andwataraswellasredueehaze, Polaris work nest when the camera sabout0°either site ofthe sun. The Polariserhastoberototeduntithe maximum effect ' aghieved, blocking certain ight waves. Thesefiters ccomisinbatiserew-on andfiterholder varieties, 3. Neutral density filter ND fiters imitthe amount of ight thats abletofalion the sensor andthereforerequiremuchlongershutter duration, They are made from darkened materials that ‘redesigned tobeopticallyneutral soasnot create acolourcast. Thedarkerthefiterthelonger your ‘exposures canbe. NDfiters canrange roma2-stop filter to10-stops of ight reduction. They are exceller usein daytime to create mation blurinwater andelouds, 4, Graduated neutral density filter ND grads wark similar to standard NO ters but insteadot being one solid dark material. theflte fades ‘rom darkto clear. They are usefulinhigh contrast Situations suchas bright sky versusa dark foreground where youcan use the iter todarken the sky enought balancetthe overall exposureinthe scene. Serewontiter Rectanguarfiter FILTERS AND FILTER SYSTEMS Filter types 1. Circular SoreWon fitesarethe mostcommontype that ts dec onyourlensfitetiread.Theyeomen diferentinicknesses. the thikestofwhichcan potenti cause vgnetingtoyour shots, Utrathin ‘Mmersgetaroundttisbut canbe more expensie, 2, Squaretiters are popular withlandscape photographers. Aholder designed to house the filters diteetly attaches tothe ens fiter thread and Ceanhold several fiters, Generally they range insize rom around 75mm to150mm 3.Rectangular fiers are another popular choice among landscape photographers. These are mountedin the samefashionas thelr square counterparts, themaindliference is because they are rectangular; they hhavemore scopetomove upand down within the holder. 4 Filterholders are plastic anctmetalmounting devices that screw contothe fiter thread of yourlens, They have everalslats moulded into themtoaccammodateseveralfitersatonce. Themost popular fiter systemmanufacturers are Cokinand LeeandHitech,GET MORE FROM YOUR LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY coGet more from your landscape photography Desc paca cus | are stepping up from a modest point and shoot camera SRA e A eeu Teo od for the beginner when faced with getting to grips with the Pores crue unten Pee ieee auc coon eet uci’ Seale teeter ui ue oe RAE Ce veneer icone yecieen eureka ecg UCL OR RCN MoTsacul i you need to have an understanding of the relationships between Peed emcee Eur sete murs eet a Cena te nee og meC ec Peace tte anes cu ta cuaeatemec ih ca i ree RM aC cent eee at basics will make sense to you. The more you shoot and experiment, Pees amass une na you do it's important that you are able to learn how exactly it went wrong. That way you are primed to go out and do it right next time. agement ae meee ee eager aero Pee ace et tee eee eee ee AU Se contre raNena eae hare Re cu es nee eee ue aI Pretec eluant net sine reenact) Preise crie apy See ee ee een Maeno h ol uel h Cl Peete nc alo iene Cleese Cee IAeU incurs Maou tueyyccs Rice Man Eee tem orecemmsres PNAC NAR eA ae] elke eon Mas sce Fee} erence |Understanding your camera oR OREM e LaCie CeCe eee Re eed Pes ete) eee esate aaa) Ree eer ee State) Pee eeente rid looks ether too overexposed or vceversa.It Se mmnc ca) 2:stops ofexposureinformation before the ere er ity Poccn nnd Pesaro st pee eae ae een reat eet er se e eee High $0 values resuitinhigh levels ofimage Poe eet Ty Ser Your camerato Aperture Prony (AV) is poe ereamntir Beriterreencet ra ieremenervertirrsone Esenperiraen ante eel eee enn Se ee eet See res ccd Oy -e aioe Ree ete eed baal etary UTE Uy Pee Tees) ee eet i Ege ey Sree sere ee cen ereaT may thinkitisoktofocusontheimmediate eee ne eet rc eee ee rar Sere ee ee eae eto wes) the scene. isa roughguidebut itworks wll ‘Another thing you tind ourelyonisthe Auto ec ee ccanpost-process theimageas you wish. The ee cea eee eee eens a ae eee tet yr) ete ot bebatchprocessed consistently tee ae eer ec ee et Se RU a nee ons Dem Seca aa Ee eer Bear thatinmind and rynot touse too eet eaUNDERSTANDING YOUR CAMERA Votes Send eee teensy er ere ean Fae terete eh perenne terete eee tee anemene Papenteper ice ts remueaeen monterey ee ete! ed Pot a ee te as ere eeNa ADC Laeee a providing you various content: WE brand new books, trending movies, ee Ey eae eae ecm Unlimited satisfaction one low price Cheap constant access to piping hot media Protect your downloadings from Big brother Safer, than torrent-trackers 18 years of seamless operation and our users' satisfaction PTR Ey tert Ie Tama Amel e Le oleic AvaxHome - Your End Place We have everything for all of your needs. Just open https://avxlive.icuThe exposure triangle Don't get lost in the triangle cttobconised thie Bomuda Nitsessstciieacte mcteoste those osrenew topttoggiy iterators ees Jourcreintyandhammoe soothe natret pstogapy then yu need tSoadarngandtaayeu arora ast tuaututcmce andere thesis terdtorahoatngn ad Mineyeuchoo yma ovat boonies hehteptaybtreeeech chyeurcamerss manctings of 80 Sertreand ater pee "econ angecopopda inated comet ecranvarables Grape Suter pet en Srratestentatgorteraoko Sarina Payee tangs “rarer denmiswhenyoucapure chimes Orcyauimeynconcareiy Srahatsosaovrabecpocetgveyes Stance ant osseonsyevadsane ote te ateastaneiecbersastabe sastedviere marian desta Srectyounrecteinbeshot Yvert oniyaltering the exposure butalsothequalty andappearance of theimage, Welltryandsum itupinatheoretcal ‘example. youare shootingalandscapein broaddayiight. with yourcamerain manual ‘mode ths isimportanttokeep ining. youwillneedtobalanceyourISO. aperture ‘and shutterspeedtogieyouawellexposed image. Theparameters you choose are ‘downto yourpersonal choice of course Inourtheoreticalexamplethe settings wereas follows: 180100, aperturet/4 and shutter speed 1/500 ofa second. allwelland 2004. youdecide however, that youneed ‘greater depth of fila, youmight change your camera's aperturetof/8,makingthe ‘diameter oftheaperture smaller blocking ‘morelight but increasing depth of fil. you takethe shot now.yourimage willhavemore depthoffieldbutitwillbevery underexposed ‘What happened? Because you arein manual mode, youhavecurrentlalteredonly one side ofthe exposure triangle. Youwouldneed toatteratleast oneottheother twoinorderto bring your image ackto ts proper exposure. Hyouwant tokeepthe!SOat 100 because youwantas little magenoise as possible, youwillhave toalter the shutter speed. If youincrease the duration that the shutter isopen, youcanallow thecameratogather light for an extended period of time. In thiscase, because wechangedtromt/4 tof/8, whichis2-stops, weneed tallow for2-stops more ight gathering fromthe shutterspeedweuse. 1/500 fa second would needto become 1/125 of asecond toallow forthe 2-stop alteration youmade totheaperture withthe!S0 remaining Unchanged. A basicruleofthumoto keepin your mindisthata -stop alteration sequal tocitherahalvingordoubingofparticular parameter. Inthis case the2-stopalteration toour theoretical shutter duration means 1/500 of asecondisdoubled to1/250 and thendoubledasecondtimeto1/125, Over the next few pages, wewllexpand Upon these concepts togive yousome guidance andhelp you understandthe ‘mainconcepts ofthe exposuretriangle andmore.m‘THE EXPOSURE TRIANGLE H Uc Eco EXPOSURE TRIANGLE 0—— ISO Less exposure Clean imageWHATIS AN F-STOP? FULL STOPS 1/2 STOPS 113 STOPS Li: LiKE ey SIs d AP by Poke Slo = = = 1 | ey ry ES o & ay, Sy, AY Aw AD ase Ge Ge Ge Ge — == Pome ee AEE Len emmy 1314 40 Hidad ¥aLVaeD ——- LPR: LKR Le LER) #10 cial ak) iat} iat} #120 £122 LEAS) ciakl tak} cat} at) 774 ial} bir % us ZN, lr q SSS NUS asCN ee ceISO, aperture and shutter speed — Our ata glance guide “We've laid out, ina more visual form, the basic effect of wide and narrow apertures, slow or fast shutter speeds and high or low SO settings.”ISO, APERTURE AND SHUTTER SPEED Less light required = OUR EN 7 10 = 4/15 6400 EN KR Iso 1130 3200 EY KR Iso 1600 EX KR Iso 11125 goo EN F liso 1/250 Bon EN F liso 1/500 200 EX Fi iso 1/1000 co More light requiredExample 1- 16mm lens (@f/16 Teas H= ———— =S5lan (0.55In) AST ReE) este coe UNDERSTANDING HYPERFOCAL DISTANCE etching enon Full frame 16mm lens Ane SU TCP CUMC UAL) CE en =5387mm (5.387m) £/\6 x0.023 ete et end Pee Cry Full frame ‘50mm lens A168Software and apps Helpful and essential, the software you need er it's something to calculate hyperfocal distance or ahandy app that can control your ‘cameralike anintervalometer, there area vast number of apps out there toad the landscape photographer whilethey are outinthe field. FromiPad toiPhone,and Android phones and tablets, youare well catered for whenitcomestothenexthandy application tomakeyourjob of capturing the perfect landscape that. ‘much easier. ‘weather Androie Trackand view weather forecasts ‘andcurrentconcitionsto getreal time updates wherever yougo, or ‘add ary location youchoose. Accuweather Platinum i0S/Androia Detailed currentocal weather Conditions that areupdated every 15minutes. Comprehensive forecasts with day and night conditions and Weather Alarms. Dark Sky ios State-ofthe-arttechnologyis Usedtopredictweatherpattems, | rightdowntotheminite, whereveryoumaybe Exposure Calculator Android Input anexposureandthen recalculate equivalentexposures vihenyouatteranyofthe various parameters, Youcanalzospecily ND itersupto30-stops £/8 DOF Calculator ios Get perfect depth of field with this hhyperfocaldistance calculator. Enteryourlens infoandithe app willdothe rest Golden Hour Calculator Android Golden Hour Calculator allows Users calculated moment when Golden and BlueHours happens atsunviseand sunset O worme o— o— @=HyperFocal Pro Android Agreat companion or on-the-spotcalculations othe optimum ypertocal distance. tprovides intuitive, graphical representations of the info youneed, Long Exposure Calculator ios. Longexposure calculators are very usefulfor working out exposuremadticatlonwhen shooting wth ND titers or long exposures aright. Star Walk 2 iOs/Androia Learnthe exact postionofstars planets, constellations, comets, star clusters, nebulae and meteor showersinthe night sky Sun Surveyor iosrandroia Youcanview thepostons ofthe sunandmooninay location atany time, Tereisalsoan augmentedreaityfunctonto visualise sceneinrealtime. SOFTWARE AND APPS ‘Sunseeker iOs/Android With flatview compass anda aDaugmentedrealty camera view. plan yourshotsand predict the pathot the sun for ‘every daylighthour The Photographer's Ephemeris iO android Great for planning landscape andurbanscenes.isamap centred Sun, Maonand ik Wayealeulatr for anylocation ontheplanet My Tide Times % i0s/androia E {deal for predictinghighand , low watertimes for allot your 3 coastalphoto shoots. 9000 > tidalpoints across 25 countries toe aresupported <5 Trigger Trap ' ios /Androia Connect upyourcameraand usethis creative appereative various sensorsinelding sound andvibration modes.‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS EN Cec TMC NSU EIUE PL} ECM Cream Uy TW RS CS eei TOPTIPS Research your location Take time toresearch your possible shooting destination f youhavenotbeen there before. Just Googling the location youwantto shoat willcallupallsortsof information. Most ofit may be useless tayoubut you canguarantee that there willbe examples of ather photographs taken there. The experiences of other photographersin thislocation will give youtheheads-upastowhetheritisan easy ordificultplace toreach, Theremay be tips concerninglocal by-lawsand the best nearby parking spotsetc There's an app for that There are appsavallable that cantell youwherethe sunwilleatany point on any given day. These anpscan overlay information onamap ofyour given destination, showing where the sun wilriseand alland where itil track through the sky onwhichever day you choose, Thisis great for working out TF) whattimeistest foryoutoshootinthe location youareresearching, Sunseeker fori0S andSun Surveyor for Android are twogreat examples of these types of apo. Make sure yousress forthe conditions youare shootingin.Ityou_re goingtobe fon rough terrain, then sturdy shoes are essential. Asprained anklemiles trom anywhere, couldbe very unpleasant Travellignt if possible and thepurchase of agood quality rucksackor roughterrain ‘camera bag willstand you in good stead foryour journey. Makesure someone knows youare out there and that you i hhaveyour phone with you ataltimes. You never know.‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS Visualise the shots Before takingany photos. scanyour surroundings andy t visualise where the best shots maybe taken from. In factitis sometimes good practice go toalocation inadvanceof taking any actualshotsandjust walkthrough thelandscape,takingnoteof the best positions, anglesand viewpoints for futurereference. Createalist that you ake the canreference when youarrive shotsinearnest. Don’t lose it Ahandheld GPS unit may beabitofa luxury buf youare out wandering the hillsand valleys and happenupon some quietunseenbeauty spat, aGPS device canmarkitsco-ordinates taenable youtofinditagainif youwishto return toshoot more images. Manufacturers such as Garmin have arange of devices starting atreasonable prices; useful yougetlost too Get motivated Hyouwantthe best shots, then you need to berotivatedto goout and get them, Remember. in summer, the sunis rising around Sam. Even for ela beauty spots, factor in thentimetowalkto thelocation, youare probably starting your journey at 3am, Thisisthe time youdiscover you want to. rollover andgo backto sleep. I'youcan overcome thisand venture out, therewards are extraordinary. Teaming up with other photographers isa big motivational ney times andTOPTIPS Light fantastic Inphotography younay hea referenceto ‘the pldenhour’ For gorgeous landscapes youcannot do better than to shoot a sunrise ar hour orsoaftertati ora sun hour orsobeforeitsets. Thelighthas a luminous warm glow, shadows arelong andshowoffthe contours of theland. The sky gnitesinpink, orange andredhues andif youcatchasunrise or sunset with aninteresting stof cloud formations, thenallthe better, Blue hour Theres also whatisreferred toas the bluehour’ This isthe twilight period youexperience at either endof theday when the sun isafairdistancebelow the horizon butitsinfluencee thesky.Itisidealforctyseapes where youcan apture the city lights against ‘adeep, inky blue sky. The windowot opportunity is relatively small before esun risesand lghtsthe sky orit sinks and en itusually lasts about 45 minutesafterthesunhas setorbetoreitrises Stable conditions Atripodisa mustforlandscape work. Youmay beworking inlow light conditionsandhandheld shots arenot goingto yield sharp images. You might also want longer exposure'times er soft and misty or show clouds moving inthe shat over anumber of seconds for addeddrama, There are plenty of strong. lightweight tripods to choose fromthat won'tbe achoreto carry with youon your shoot; couple a cable release withitand youareset. =‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS. Agoldenrule Itean'thestressedenough,i'you want the best from your shots, you reed to suitchto Raw shooting mode, Most modern cameras now allow you tacaptureyourimagesin Rav format Rawasthename suggestsisthe Uuncampressedand unpracessedimage datastraight from thecamera's sensor. The files are much bigger than their peg counterpart but they give much greater latitude when itcomestoprocessing your finalimage. Filter systems Think about investingin some ters Acircularpolariseris very useful. can boost the contrastin biue skies andis very usetulfor reducing or even eliminatingreflections in waterjust be aware that polarsers work best when the sunis2t90" to you. Ifyouare shostinga scene where thereisalarge-differencein the tonal values between yourland anda brightsky. an ND grad wil helpstop those skies from burning out, Offinthe distance Don'tak landscape has lensyouhave, Sometimes longer focal lengthis great forpicking out distant tails thata wide anglelens couldnot. Zoom lensesare also a good choiceas they allow youto zoom inandout. allowing youto cropyour shots andalterthe composition without having tomovelargedistances. LLensesin the 24mm-105mmrangeare {00d intermediate wide angle zooms whi ays assume that your be shat with the widest ve you alotof framing choices,TOPTIPS Framing & composition Compositionisavery subjective thing, What looks oad to your eye may look odd to someone else fnothing ese, keep the rule thirds a compositionaltool, Imagine thatyour frameis spitby lines into thirds, both vertically and horizontally, Placingan object of interest atone ofthe points where these lines would intersect means youare adhering otherule and this will help bring balancetto your shot. Rules can bebroken though soit’s up toyou. Stay sharp Photographers wil want their scene tabeassharpaspossiblefrom front to back. Thisiswhere depth offieldcomes intoplay.Atlargepertures suchas £/28, theareaot sharp focus in front andbehind thepointof focus willbe relatively small Using amuch smaller aperture such asf/1l that ‘zone’ of sharp focusis much greater. Asarough guide, focusanapointabout one third ofthe distance into your scene togive yourself thebest chance of maximising the depth of field available. Maximum exposure Consider using longer exposures in yourlandscape shots. Photographers often employ exposures thatlast seconds or even tensof seconds, toshow louds streakingacrossthesky rather than looking static and putty, Scenes sho withamuch longer exposure wilturn the water to amisty. milky fog. tis safeto say thatyour tripodis thekey tothe suc ofthese shots. Ae ~ i a Z\ Ce SCENT INS 6 oe‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS. Take control you are relatively now to DSLR photography. younay tillbeusing your ‘camera's autoor semi-auto functions itwilldecideon the best settingsto Useineither Shutter Priority or A Priority. Aslongasitisinauto itil keepmaking decisions for youandyou willend up with shots that don't match your expectations. In manualmode you candecideon how the scene is exposed. Make the creative decisions: don'tleaveit toyourcamera Testing, tes! nay ny Don'tbe afraid to shoot a number oftest shotshandheld, Turning up atalocation, stickingyour camera straight ontothe tripodand shooting at head height may not be the most deal viewingangle. Try shooting anumber offrameswhere you experiment with sitferent angles and high viewpoints, low totheground, portratandlandscape orientations. Moveto different spotsand try out various approaches before you decidetosettleand take theinal shot Lock itup For extratripod stabiity,alotot photographers hang their camera bag Underneath the head thetripodto-act asacounterweight, helping oimmobilse the tripod. Inaddition, eventhe movement cof your camera's mirror flipping upand ‘down with each shot can create vibrations thatatfecta shots sharpness. fyouset up. itwilfip the micror out ofthe way long before the shutter opens totake the shot. giving time for any vibrations to cease. ——TOPTPS Don’t fear the histogram aed Ahistogramisagraphic representation of the tonalvalues in your shot andhow they redistributed. the Lv) 1 23,8MB Adobe RGB es EAT Ee Pa Hy Canon Leave only footprints While the great outdoors is mostly free for youto explore and photograph tayourheart ectather proper crops, always close farm gates behing you and don'tleavelttr lying about. leaveonly footprint, satter afew erecmedtath help with and Adobe Brig‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS Out of the shadows le abrightsummer day may seem like the perfect time totake photos, at midday every scene willappear lat and featureless with shadows siting rectly graphy isa brightday witha few white clouds te help clffuse the light and take the edge off the shadows. Theperfect time's around sunrise andsunset withlong shadows defining thecontoursof theland, w your images Alwaysreview your shotsafter youtake them. Itcanbe very disheartening totake whatyouthinkisawonderfulshat, only togethome, process the shot and see thatitis outof focus or badly framed. U yourcameras LCD screen tozoominto your shots andeheck them for sharpness and detailand confirm the composition is looking how youimagined, Bearin mind thatnotallcameras show you 100% ofthe frameinthe optical or electronic viewfinder, so reviewing imagesonthe isimportant SE Hot weather Hotweathercanalsocause some problems, withcondensationand igh humidity being atthe topof thelist. Keep a couple ot bagsofslicaglin your camera bagtoabsorb any stray moistureand wipe off any surface condensationas soonas| itforms, toavoidit seepinginside your camera and messing up the electronics. ;pyoulens clean too, toavoid the problem offungal blooms growinginside thelens barrelCold weather Cold weather cancause afew riers fx your agit caer te ‘main one beingitsetfect onbatteries You'lfind that in wintery concitions your battery willonly last halfaslong, so keep aspareinawarminside pocket andswap them out when thefirstrunsout. When youtake your cameraback indoors, keep itina sealed plasticbaguntilit's warmed Up, te avoid condensation problems Wet weather wetweather make sureit's properly protected. Keep your camerainarain proof bag or case untilyouneedtouse it rain getson the lens, wipeit off wth asoftlens cloth. your camera does getwet, take the battery out, dry t thoroughly usingpaper towelsforthe body andsoft cloth for thelens; then leaveit somewhere warm and dry for 24 hours beforetrying itagain, ime of day & time of year Photographyisallaboutlightandhow youmake the most the light thats available toyou. Shooting your landscape atthe right time of day important butsois thetimeof year. Morningand evening light, during the summer months isdeemedmore colourful, as wellas being softer with longer shadowsgiving defintionand depth to your landscapes.Persistence pays off The great outdoors is unpredictable tosay the east. The weather has ahabit of doing exact the op youwant, whenyou least wantitto. Thiscanbeabig tur offformanynew ta photography, Dor'tlet below par weather put yout. Sometimes have tobe brave and get out the be preparedia sitand watt. You! be rewarded by abreakint thatreveals some sublime lighting that rmakesitallworthwhile Depth cueing photograph oniy has two dimensions y indication of depthina raphis purely optical. One of the sstoadddepthistouse leadinglines ke the curve of sandona imager raivay Ines converging rds the hor making sndwithless tonal contrast st part of ashot because ime you should be including details scene, Now and: rthhavinga goatthepr -ground The unforegroundreterstothe partot thescene,closestin proximity tothe camera that contains no detalsoitisnat distraction othe viewer. Anunusual but often striking landscape trick ‘TOP 30 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS.Daytime long exposure eure ores Cre eet eect {ractionsof seconds, you canachieve eet a eee soe Doe eee Cerrina . ey ee emitsINSPIRATIONAL IMAGESPT Oey Piper enrner ray ep tener nner tosoftenmoving elementsin your shots such ene ee tl See cores eee een Ctr eet os Cee er ee) Peete er neon) eee ees) shosty shadows.INSPIRATIONAL IMAGESINSPIRATIONAL IMAGESLANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY PROJECTS.Landscape photography projects Eee ate aa ere rea cass Lis PR cael ae eee ieee eee er au cua ee Rese er Pee car aes Meee ander nec nae drawing and painting the world around them since prehistoric times. A walk Pete mea ateette te creerer te emeasic crs RI ene see ee ctor keene our er eee eigenen aime a ycng Pee ene cet ee eeu eS Steen ent remem eeesna gel accel Mieco ene ea cetera ts Neen a | iad that will improve your photography. Gree Mee Mcgee nen Mace TIDY Pee gentoo aa ec atm te cee tee ee eee em nen of Ansel Adams (1902-84). His large format photographs of Yosemite Dee eer ee ate noc Sues eee ree Fen eure a neue eet acral een calc, Geog seater ieee eames sen eee ce eee moe in Meee eae gam teers cet ue cia) Petes eet feito coerulea eae ce tc There is an old sayingin photography that you must shoot the kinds of images that you want to see, not someone else. Thats quitea true statement but ifa landscape image is well thought out, with care given to adhere to the main creative aspects of composition, framing, lighting and Pome n leer ea oe utero Orem com tee Caer ra me cer one Tne atm l ure cart emma we presented inthe first part of this bookazine. From shooting landscapes pee een een ee esc ae projects, some conventional, others not quite so conventional hopefully they will wll fire up your imagination and get you inspired. m fiSunrise and sunset Capturing images during the golden hour on ‘Sounds like a plan ‘We've mentionedittefore but we willsayit ‘again Plan ahead. Research thelocation you willbe visting. Apre-shoot scouting expedition \salwaysagoodidea, Useapps that tell you \whattime unset or sunriseisand how much | goldenhour lights available for thelocation andtimeot year. Using filters \Wnenshooting the gldenhou lighting canbealitie tricky anditisrecommended that you usea tripod asamatter ofcourse. Theproblemisthatfyou exposefor the foreground the sky willbe overexposed, if youexpose for thebright sky, then your foreground wil betoo darkby comparison Youhavetheostion toshoot witha sgraduatedND fier (a2or3-stop grad vwllwork wel) positioned toreduce the brightness ofthe sky inorder to balancethe exposurewiththe foreground, Bracketing your shots Asanatternative,ifyoudon'thavefiters, ccabracketed sequence of 3shots where youshoot one average exposure, then set thecameratooverexpose the shot by1to 2stopsand athirdone tounderexpose the seene by thesame amount. This way youcan blend the bestonesin Photoshop toarriveat balanced finalimage.SUNRISE AND SUNSETThink thirds CO eee Lees Pee ec ene Sen ees ene eee een ae Cu oad pees erat ees Cee eet oe eet ‘ntoporentTornearthevilage loriousmorning.Shotattéthe ‘Starburst and lens flare eee enn) Pee ee Ciccacne Beene es ere eee Rete cet ol eee Eee lens fare eur ti) COCA Ub d cena te meet vateriscalm enough, youput thehorizon dead eel eres Cent as Cree eet cee’ aed re,don'tbeafraidtoSUNRISE AND SUNSET RETO) As the sunrises away rom thehorizon thelightwilbecore more intense ant Peo ana ? eae Peet ec a eee eee Pont er eras Pater neta stg Pearce teeta See Ce eel = landscapesinthe goldenhdur itbecomes Seo Soe = er eae een ee es i, eterThe blue hour and night time Make the most of the different phases of light: ere ee eed sunis below the horizon. This Spa aumueteloa ‘photographer: neither day or night but ‘something quite etherealin between ae Se eer Ce ancy Pree ears ‘of promise asthe new day begins, or Cee eer nt ee ed cee eno | Pe ccieeoatuntatemoiod Pee etre Dee Core ean Cre eae Rete ee aed Seren el eure DeesTHE BLUE HOUR AND NIGHT TIME Poca teetad oe erat Se enc Coane Deu ld ener Tee a ie eee eee et) Coot MCRAE LOSE toe We Cn Re ea Teor eter ae eee nen sean eet eee tees te Seg Ce et Gee aay _and pracessit any numberof creative wayson-destructvely. Youcanhappilyalter white balance Se ee eee ee eee ee eee ean Te ee er ee iu eS eae as Re ete een eet cnc!eats eer etary Sanit ee eee Tones THE BLUE HOUR AND NIGHT TIME nee nearer ‘Canon SOMi2-EF 1smmfisheye 2.8 rreteeecarad ete eer errno Ree eer! Or eee Se eee) Teen eg eects Cee eure) Cot tees Cerca eusee Cn e Cee ot ret CTC Pierre ‘shutter speed youcan use innormal Ce er er Ree ee epee Peetu ete eae eet ei eae See See eed esr Ce nce Since most modern cameras offer very Dee ae cd Se econ See eee eee eee ee om ea Peer gee ees renee et ee rere roid BU re ly Reco tenant youthat forthe aperture you areusing. a pe eee esc ear) ‘exposure. Now divide your high ISO number by Creat nea) Cet ors hightSO shutter speed value tive Seconds) ae ese Ce cn ee ecru a ene een combination of EV, ISO. F-stopand exposure cee Se eee es Ce en ee Poneto oc Oreiee eric aFilters for landscape photography Using filters in your landscape shots ee ree eee Ignestorentarar iat cnyechie ge apace nie Ee ee eee ea on ee peat eran eaten ret PETE ge Ba aor ee arent eer oer Serie gc asec eee neh eae ea Seg oes ce coerced) pee eam ere poe eyeseemeeerte eet eee teeta ernie are) Pee ee eset eterna eter ter sae Me ns ee st, et ener ee Ree ete eee eee rete ares Ce aerate men hacer et oer ee ean peor rt aaa net cena Ger swt ie ves G ond)FILTERS FOR LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHYi i 4 A iB HFILTERS FOR LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY Aword about filters. [ND grad iters come invariaus types. The mainonesarehard andsott grads. This ‘meansthatahardgrad fier isquite abruptia the wayittransitons fromits darkest portion the grad tolightest. The: thedarkandlight se step gradismuchmé uch mar tanceonthefiter, Filter density ratings NDZ (NDO.3)=1F-stapreduction Noa 24 stopreduction Nog NoI6 ND: ND64 (NDA) NDI28 (NDZ, images where the horizon of yoursceneis ery flat ration ns aremoreofachallenge when the soft gradas there are certainissues that comeinto play Uneven horizons ‘landscape scene thatas prominent reuttingoutofthehorizon line suchas trees of rock formations willbe affected by the sraduated iter and look oddly dark compared totherestoth wwherethetiter effectisreduced. Youcouldmovethegrad renthe light thehorizon level overexposed againandlose thebenefitothaving the grad herein the place. Themainruleof tiumb hereistotake test shots with diferentplacementsof the ssbest toyour eye. Bear inmindthatas youstop your ameradown, oachieve greater depth of field, the grad’s approach may be inorder. For most general rough. an ND gradisaworthwhile ppurchaseif youcan afford, Nothingismore worthwhile than image that you gotig esorttopostworkalternatives.mPeat inant) long exposure Overcome the limitations of fast shutter speeds in daylight Sn eens Coa eee Ree eign Cee ee eee dealingwithdeliberatlylong exposures rte eae een seo er Broce tg cae ees Nee Ct ae aed Cee cee St nue Cee mee oT ene cats renege en ey See eet te Ce a at Noe ceca Used welder'smask giassas ND filter: eon eis See teers ee ee placein aholder which screwstothefrontThewater around Babbacombe Harbors sna 20secondexpocire. anon DSMK9-EF16-96mmi/28Compose yourself Forlongexposuresindayightyouneedto beworkingeroundtneND1O2¢area. isal0-stopreductonallowingonly ofavalable ight toenter the camera. Soyou serewon your itr and pint yourearera atte scene youvanttocaptureandof you 0. Well not exactly. Forstartersifyou look through your viewfinder you'renotgoingto seemuch. Theten-stopfiterhastaken care ofthat. You willprettymuchbe taringata black image. Meteringascene with sucha dense iter as this ean cause problems! Yourcamerais probably going tostrugal {inca useable meter reading. lyoustop y fowmtot/Lorevent/16,you rerangeanyway. The b takeot the fiteforamomentand compose the scenehow youwantit. with the ISO and lure settings dalled inasrequiredtor the {inal shot and ust see wat shutter speedyou get. Take some test shots tomake sure youre hhappy with thecomposition. Atthispoint youneedtomake anoteofthe shutterspeed you'regetting wthoutthe ten-stopfiter on yourler The mathematical bit OK. thereis some maths involved butit's rnottoo scary. Before youaddedtheten-stop fiter,your camera wasteling you that for setting of $0.50 withan aperture of 16 yournormalmeterreadingrequied: speedaf1/100thatasecond, Younowhave ‘tosiow your shutter speed downby tops. nthis case tyoudoublethe shutter ‘duration value tentimes you willarriveat the final shutterspeedthatyouneedtouse with thefiterinplace (we areusing shutter trounded upand ownin places for easier numericvaluesto remember), ple, a5 riginaly meteredtor ashutter speedof1/100thot ‘asecondhastobealtered toBseconds Your shot shouldnaw be correctly exposed allowing for theft youve used Vike many, yourenotsohotonthe thereare apps or your DAYTIME LONG EXPOSURE Rocksonthelsandot Bryer es ofSltyare tathedinaseaturnedtomis.Teclous hichwore moving qutefastaralsoreduodtosefttreaks. ‘Conon sDMK2-£F24-0Smmtl {iteb0secs-1S050 i0Sor Android phone, which cancaleuatethe correct exposure setting youor example Exposure Calculator (above) ‘or Expositor, Onething tobe aware of whenusingsuch dense fitersis the issue ofcolourcast. themost tral fier cansutferfromsome formofcolourshift when using si-stopfiters or higher. The m ‘common issue's amagentacast caused by Infraredight stil getting througheven though ‘thevisibilignt spectrumhas been reduced Forthebest possibieresult, always shootin camera's lonestiSO-satting, fr experimentationisthe key. Just 1ureyes open for some familar daytime 1gobjectthat could look petty surreal utter speed. been employedtotiatten rough seas tomillpondflatness and magically ‘empty city streetsofbustingpeopleand cars byusingverystrongND fiers. I'supto youand your imaginationnow that you kn daylight can be modifiedtogiveyounore