CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (REPORTED SPEECH)

Câu tường thuật được dùng để tường thuật lại một lời nói của ai đó.
1. Một số lưu ý khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
- Sự chuyển đổi về thì.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
hiện tại đơn  __________________________
 __________________________
hiện tại tiếp diễn  __________________________
hiện tại hoàn thành  __________________________
quá khứ đơn  __________________________
quá khứ tiếp diễn  __________________________
quá khứ hoàn thành  __________________________
can  __________________________
will  __________________________
shall  __________________________
may  __________________________
must  __________________________
- Sự chuyển đổi của các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
today  __________________________
tonight  __________________________
now  __________________________
ago  __________________________
yesterday  __________________________
last week  __________________________
tomorrow  __________________________
this  __________________________
these  __________________________
here  __________________________
 Chú ý: Đa phần các động từ tường thuật đều ở quá khứ. Tuy vậy, đôi khi động từ tường thuật có thể ở
thì hiện tại. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì ta không lùi thì. Ngoài ra ta phải chuyển đổi ngôi
sao cho phù hợp với từng tình huống.
Ví dụ: Tom said “I will go to England tomorrow”.
 Tom said (that) he would go to England the next day.
Ví dụ: Mary says ‘I am from England”.
 Mary says (that) she is from England
2. Các dạng câu tường thuật.
a. Câu khẳng định và phủ định
Động từ tường thuật thường là said/told.
Ví dụ: He said, “I have seen her today.”
 He said (that) he had seen her that day.
Ví dụ: The teacher said to Peter, “The prize was not given to you.”
 The teacher told Peter (that) the prize had not been given to him.
 Chú ý: said to  told
b. Câu hỏi
Động từ tường thuật thường là asked/ wondered/ wanted to know
- Với dạng câu Yes/ No question.

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 Ví dụ: She asked me, “Do you like reading books?”
 She asked me if I liked reading books.
Ví dụ: He said, “Can you speak English, Mary?”
 He asked Mary whether she could speak English.
- Với dạng câu Wh question.
Ví dụ: He said, “What is her name?”
 He asked what her name was.
Ví dụ: She said to him, “Where do you live?”
 She asked him where he lived.
c. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên ...:
Động từ tường thuật thường là told/ asked/ ordered/ commanded, requested
Khẳng định: S + asked/ told + O + to V-inf
Phủ định: S + asked/ told + O + not to V-inf
Ví dụ: The teacher said, “Answer the question, Nam.”
 The teacher told Nam to answer the question.
Ví dụ: Nam said to his friend, “Don’t shut the door.”
 Nam asked his friend not to shut the door.
d. Câu cảm thán (Exclamation)
Câu cảm thán bắt đầu bằng What + (a/an) .../ hoặc How + ...! thường được thuật lại bằng động từ exlaim/
say that.
Ví dụ: What a lovely garden!
 She exclaimed/ said that it was a lovely garden.
Or She exclaimed/ said that the garden was lovely.
b. Tường thuật lời khuyên (Advice) dùng cấu trúc: advise somebody (not) to do something
Lời khuyên: - Had better, ought to, should, must
- Why don’t you + V?
- If I were you, I’d (not) + V…
Eg: “Why don’t you take a course in computer?” my teacher said to me.
 My teacher advised me to take a course in computer.
c. Tường thuật lời mời (Invitation) dùng cấu trúc: invite somebody to do something
Eg: “Would you like to have breakfast with me?” Tom said to me.  Tom invited me to have breakfast with
him.
d. Tường thuật lời cảnh báo (warn) dùng cấu trúc: warn somebody (not) to do something
“Don’t touch the red buttons,” said the mom to the child.  The mom warns the child not to touch the
red buttons
e. Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở (reminders) dùng cấu trúc: remind somebody to do something
“Don’t forget to turn off the lights before leaving,” Sue told me  Sue reminded me to turn off the lights
before leaving
f. Tường thuật lời động viên (encouragement) dùng cấu trúc: encourage / urge somebody to do something
“Go on, take part in the competition,” said my father  My father encouraged me to take part in the
competition
g. Tường thuật lời cấu khẩn dùng cấu trúc: beg/implore somebody to do something
“Do me a favor, please,” said the servant to his master  The servant begged/implored his master to do him a
favor.
h. Tường thuật lời đề nghị , tự nguyện (offers) dùng cấu trúc: offer to do something
Lời đề nghị: - Shall I + V
- Would you like me + to V
- Let me + V
Eg: Mary said to Ann, “Shall I get you a glass of orange juice?”  Mary offered to get Anna a glass of orange
juice.
“Shall I bring you some tea?” He asked  He offered to bring me some tea

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i. Tường thuật lời hứa (Promises) dùng cấu trúc: promise (not) to do something
Eg: “I’ll give the book back to you tomorrow,” he said  He promised to give the book back to me the next
day.
j. Tường thuật lời đe dọa (threat) dùng cấu trúc: threaten to do something.
“I’ll shot if you move,” said the robber  The robber threatened to shoot if I moved

4. Câu tường thuật với “gerund”

Các cấu trúc của câu tường thuật với danh động từ:
S + V + V-ing: admit, deny, suggest…
S + V + preposition + V-ing: apologize for, complain about, confess to, insist on, object to, dream of, think
of…
S + V + O + preposition + V-ing: accuse..of, blame…for, congratulate…on, criticize…for,
warn…about/against, praise…for, thank…for, prevent…from…
Eg: “I’ve always wanted to study abroad,” he said.  He’s dreaming of studying abroad.
“It’s nice of you to give me some fruit. Thanks,” Ann said to Mary Ann thanked Mary for giving her some
fruit
“I’m sorry, I’m late,” Tom said to the teacher.  Tom apologized to the teacher for being late
“Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked  He suggested meeting at the theater.

5. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp

-Khi đổi câu cảm thán(exclaimation) ra câu gián tiếp ta thường dùng các động từ tường thuật sau:
greet(chào); cry out( thet lên); sigh(thở dài); complain(than phiền); remark(nhận xét); exclaim(thet lên vì
đau đớn, giận dữ, ngạc nhiên)… Ta xem các ví dụ dưới đây:
EX1: Direct: She said:” What a lovely house!”
Indirect: She exclaimed that the house was lovely.
Ex2: Direct: He said to me: “Hello!. How is work?”
Indirect: He greeted me and asked me how work was.
Ex3: Direct: The little boy cried out: “Help me! Help me!”
Indirect: The little boy cried out for help.
Ex4: Direct: She said: “ My toothache is getting worse!”
Indirect: She complained that her toothache was getting worse.
What a lovely dress!  She exclaimed that the dress was lovely.
She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely one.
She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.

6. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp
She said, “Can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
 She asked me if I could play the piano and I said that I could not

PHẦN 2. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D that best to complete each of the following sentences.
1. She asked me where I _______ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
2. I asked Martha _______ to enter law school.
A. are you planning B. if she is planning C. was she planning D. if she was planning
3. Nam wanted to know what time _______.
A. the movie began B. the movie begins
C. does the movie begin D. did the movie begin
4. Julia said that she _______ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
5. Paul asked her, “Have you got 20 pounds?”  Paul asked her _______ 20 pounds.
A. if she got B. if she had got C. whether she got D. whether had she got
6. He told me _______ him up at six o'clock.

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 A. please pick B. to pick C. should pick D. I can pick
7. He said that Linda and John _______ married _______.
A. were getting / tomorrow B. are getting / the next day
C. were getting / the next day D. will getting / the day after
8. They asked me when _______.
A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive
9. The farmer said, “I didn’t see her.”  The farmer said _______ her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen
10. I wondered _______ the right thing.
A. if I am doing B. was I doing C. am I doing D. whether I was doing
11. Charlie _______ that his father was in hospital.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. asked me
12. Mr. Brown said, “I watched TV last night.”  Mr. Brown said that he _______ TV the night before.
A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched
13. “I'll never make that mistake again”, Robert said.  Robert promised _______ that mistake again.
A. no making B. not made C. never to make D. never made
14. “I'd like you to tell me the truth,” Lara said.  Lana wanted _______ her the truth. A. I to tell
B. me to tell C. me telling D. me tell
15. “You should quit smoking and eat more vegetable”, said the doctor.
 The doctor advised him _______ more vegetable.
A. to quit smoking and eat B. quit smoking and eat
C. to quit smoking and to eating D. quitting smoking and eating
16. “Please come and join our party tonight”, said Lana.  Lana invited us_______.
A. to come and join our party tonight B. to their party that night
C. to come and join their party that night D. to our party tonight
17. “Be aware of the dog,” said Tom.  Tom warned us _______.
A. to be aware of the dog B. being aware of the dog
C. we should be aware of the dog D. aware of the dog
18. He asked _______ him some money.
A. her to lend B. her lending C. she has lent D. she lends
19. Andrew told me that they _______ fish two_______ days.
A. have not eaten / ago B. had not eaten / previous
C. did not eat / before D. would not eat / last
20. John often says he _______ boxing because it _______ a cruel sport.
A. does not like / is B. did not like / were
C. not liked / had been D. had not liked / was
21. The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee.
A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred
C. did he prefer D. if he prefers
22. The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been B. where he had been
C. where has he been D. where had he been
23. “Please don't tell anyone what happened," Ann said to me.
A. Ann said to me please don't tell anyone what happened.
B. Ann told me didn't tell anyone what had happened.
C. Ann said me not to tell anyone what happened.
D. Ann told me not to tell anyone what had happened.
24. “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
25. “Remember to pick me up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon” she said.

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 A. She told me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
B. She reminded me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the following afternoon.
C. She reminded me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next afternoon.
D. She told me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next day afternoon.
26. “If I were you, I'd tell him the truth,” she said to me.
A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd tell him the truth.
B. She will tell him the truth if she is me.
C. She suggested to tell him the truth if she were me.
D. She advised me to tell him the truth.
27. “I'm really sorry for being late again,” said Ann.
A. I felt sorry for Ann's being late again.
B. Ann was sorry for my being late again.
C. Ann excused for my being late again.
D. Ann apologized for being late again.
28. “How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!” Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
29. “Can I bring a friend to the party?” Nancy wanted to know.
A. Nancy asked me if she could bring a friend to the party.
B. Nancy wanted to ask someone to bring her friend to the party.
C. Nancy knew that bring a friend to the party was good.
D. Nancy wanted to invite her friend out and to the party.
30. She asked me, "How high is the church?"
A. She asked me how high the church was.
B. She asked me how high is the church.
C. She asked me how high the church had been.
D. She asked me how high the church is.

II. Choose the word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting.
31. I asked him how far was it to the station if I went there by taxi.
A B C D
32. They asked me that I could do the shopping for them.
A B C D
33. Her mother ordered her do not go out with him the night before.
A B C D
34. She said that the books in the library would be available tomorrow.
A B C D
35. He advised her thinking about that example again because it needed correcting.
A B C D
36. I (A) asked him how far (B) was it from my school to the post office (C) if I went there (D) by taxi.
37. They asked me (A) that I (B) could do (C) some shopping (D) with them.
38. Her mother (A) told her (B) do not go out with (C) him the day (D) before.
39. She said (A) that the books (B) in the library (C) would be available (D) tomorrow.
40. He (A) asked her (B) thinking about that example (C) again because it needed (D) correcting.