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Chapter 08
Designing the Questionnaire
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?
A. They serve as a guide for conducting larger main studies.

B. They are most commonly associated with causal experimental research designs.
C. They are small-scale investigations restricted to 10 to 30 subjects.
D. They are primarily used to design pretests.
E. They are studies that require a minimum of 1,000 respondents.
2. A _____ is a descriptive research activity representing a small-scale investigation of 5 to 30

subjects that are representative of the main study's defined target population but focus on a
specific subcomponent of the main study.
A. median
B. pilot study
C. mode
D. pilot test
E. pretest
3. A firm is examining its data requirements to achieve the objectives of its research study. The
management team determines that in order to get the needed data, it cannot use an observation
method. Instead, it will have to do a mail survey. The team is most likely in which step of the
questionnaire design process?
A. Confirming research objectives

B. Developing questions and data scaling
C. Determining layout and evaluate questionnaire
D. Pretesting, revising, and finalizing questionnaire
E. Selecting appropriate data collection method
4. Which of the following statements is true of unstructured questions?
A. They are ambiguous questions that contain at least two negatives.

B. They are often skipped by the respondents unless the questions are interesting.
C. They are loaded questions that suggest a socially desirable answer or involve an emotionally
charged issue.
D. They are questions with a predetermined list of responses available to aid or limit the
respondent's answers.
E. They include two or more different attributes or issues but allow the respondents to comment
on only a single issue.
5. _____ are open-ended questions that enable respondents to reply in their own words.
A. Double negative questions

B. Loaded questions
C. Double-barreled questions
D. Unstructured questions
E. Leading questions
6. Which of the following is true of structured questions?
A. They are very difficult to code.

B. They are used less often in quantitative surveys in comparison to unstructured questions.
C. They are easier for respondents to answer than are unstructured questions.
D. They are often skipped by respondents.
E. They are open-ended questions that enable respondents to reply in their own words.
7. On a survey, a student comes across a question that asks, "To what extent did you find
marketing and accounting courses useful?" This question is (most closely) an example of a(n):
A. incomprehensible question.
B. unanswerable question.
C. leading question.
D. loaded question.
E. double-barreled question.
8. "Do you have a brother or a sister? If not, please ignore question 6 and proceed." This is an
example of a(n):
A. instructive question.
B. directive question.
C. loaded question.
D. leading question.
E. skip question.
9. Which of the following statements is true of the skip questions used in questionnaires?
A. They are used to screen the respondents of surveys.

B. They are difficult to code due to their closed-ended nature.
C. They appear at the beginning of questionnaires to encourage respondents to complete the
questionnaire.
D. They help ensure that only specifically qualified respondents answer certain items in the
questionnaire.
E. They are difficult to use in online surveys.
10. While filling out a survey, a respondent comes across a statement that reads: "This survey is
almost complete. There are only a few questions left." This statement is an example of a(n):
A. introductory statement.
B. concluding statement.
C. transition phrase.
D. layout phrase.
E. skip phrase.
11. In questionnaires, screening questions are used to:
A. prevent unqualified respondents from being included in the study.

B. provide the respondents with an overview of the research.
C. arrange the sequence of questions from general to more specific based on research
objectives.
D. identify difficult and sensitive questions and place them toward the end of each section.
E. eliminate or at least minimize response order bias.
12. Which of the following is true of respondents' behavior while answering questionnaires?
A. Respondents generally answer the demographic questions early in the survey while they are
still "fresh."
B. Respondents prefer questionnaires with questions that flow from demographic data to more
general information.
C. With numeric alternatives, respondents tend to select central values.
D. Answers that appear at the beginning or the end of a list are rarely selected by respondents.
E. Respondents typically end answering a questionnaire with a thank-you statement.
13. With online surveys, response order bias is not a problem because:
A. the sequence of presentation of questions can be randomized.

B. they are likely to incorporate skip questions.
C. they are not introduced by cover letters.
D. there is no quota associated with them.
E. the introductory section is likely to contain screeners.
14. _____ is present in survey responses when the answers given by respondents to the
independent and dependent variable questions are falsely correlated.
A. Response order bias

B. Random error variance
C. Research question section
D. Comparative rating scale
E. Common methods variance
15. Which of the following statements is true of questionnaires?
A. Questions are asked in a natural specific-to-general order to reduce the potential for sequence
bias.
B. Any sensitive questions are placed later in the questionnaire before the respondent becomes
engaged in the process of answering questions.
C. A well-prepared questionnaire consists of leading and double-barreled questions.
D. The value of a well-constructed questionnaire is difficult to estimate.
E. In good questionnaire design, questions flow from demographic data to more general
information.
16. After preparing a questionnaire but before submitting it to the client for approval, the researcher
should:
A. be aware of the number of attempts to contact respondents and complete a questionnaire.

B. work closely with data collection vendors to identify, target, and request participation from
specific groups so accurate response rates can be calculated.
C. give the client an opportunity to provide suggestions of topics overlooked or to ask any
questions.
D. obtain the final evaluation of the questionnaire from a pretest by asking respondents to pay
attention to words, phrases, instructions, and question sequence.
E. review the document carefully to determine whether each question is necessary and if the
overall length is acceptable.
17. In online surveys, calculating response rates can be a problem due to the:
A. close interaction of researchers with data collection vendors to identify and target participation
from specific groups.
B. inadequate number of individuals in organized panels of respondents.
C. possibility of recruitment of participants outside the official online data collection vendor.
D. ban on use of radio buttons, pull-down menus for responses, and the use of visuals.
E. application of graphics and animation.
18. Which of the following is true of a pretest?
A. The pretest form serves as a blueprint for training people on how to execute the interviewing
process in a standardized fashion.
B. The final version of a questionnaire is evaluated using a pretest.
C. The number of respondents for a pretest is most often between 500 and 700 individuals.
D. A pretest is prepared when the order of the questions, or of the closed-end responses to a
particular question, influences the answer given.
E. For pretests, the survey questionnaire is given to a large group of respondents.
19. Which of the following statements is true of the role of cover letters?
A. They are used by interviewers in qualitative research studies.

B. They are designed to enhance respondents' willingness to complete surveys.
C. They are used to exclude respondents that are representative of the defined target population
of a study.
D. They are used for training interviewers to correctly select a prospective respondent for
inclusion in a study.
E. They serve as a blueprint for training people to complete the interviewing process of a study in
a consistent fashion.
20. A researcher is in the process of putting together a blueprint for training people to complete the
interviewing process in a consistent fashion. The researcher is most likely developing a:
A. supervisor instruction form.

B. respondent instruction form.
C. cover letter.
D. screening form.
E. quota sheet.
21. Equipment and facility requirements are typically mentioned in the:

C. cover letter.
D. screening form.
E. quota sheet.
22. An interviewer asks a person if he has traveled to foreign countries. The interviewee replies that
he has not traveled to foreign countries. Based on this response, the interviewer decides to
exclude him from his study. In this scenario, in order to exclude the interviewee from the study,
the interviewer has used a(n) _____.
A. rating card
B. screening question
C. interviewer instruction
D. quota sheet
E. supervisor instruction
23. Susan meets the necessary requirements for inclusion in a survey. Yet she is not included in the
survey. Which of the following supplemental documents might have been used by the interviewer
to exclude her from the sample?
A. Rating cards
B. Call record sheets
C. Interviewer instructions
D. Quota sheets
E. Supervisor instructions
24. Which of the following statements is true of the role of quotas in surveys?
A. They are used to evaluate the efficiency of interviewers.

B. They are used to increase the response rates for self-administered questionnaires.
C. They are used as blueprints for training people to complete the interviewing process in a
consistent fashion.
D. They are used to ensure that data is collected from the correct respondents.
E. They are primarily used to train interviewers to correctly select a prospective respondent for
25. Call records are used to:
A. gather basic information about an interviewer's performance efficiency.

B. ensure that data is collected from the correct respondents by limiting respondents to a
predefined quota.
C. ensure the respondents included in a study are representative of the defined target population.
D. obtain the respondent's cooperation and willingness to participate in the research project.
E. create double-barreled questions that can be used in an unstructured way.
True / False Questions

26. Despite advances in communication systems, the Internet, and software, the principles behind
designing questionnaires remain essentially unchanged.
True False
27. The first step in the process of designing a questionnaire is to select the appropriate data
collection method.
True False
28. Before beginning the process of designing a questionnaire, the researcher must obtain initial
client approval.
True False
29. In quantitative surveys, unstructured questions are used much more often than structured
questions.
True False
30. Questions related to income are considered sensitive in nature.
True False
31. Asking questions in a natural general-to-specific order reduces the potential for sequence bias.
True False
32. Questionnaires should be designed to eliminate or at least minimize response order bias.
True False
33. It is difficult to use screening questions in computer-assisted surveys.
True False
34. It is easier to calculate response rates for online surveys than for phone surveys.
True False
35. For online questionnaires, the length of answer in open-ended questions is unaffected by the size
of the response box.
True False
36. One should avoid asking questions using a different measurement format in the same section of
the questionnaire.
True False
37. Complex formats or designs can ensure reliable and valid results.
True False
38. If pretesting reveals that respondents have skipped a lot of questions or are circling the same
answer for all questions within a group, it is a sign of possible boredom or tiring on the part of the
respondent.
True False
39. The process of implementing a survey is standard whether the survey is self-administered or
interviewer-completed.
True False
40. A cover letter is typically used with self-administered questionnaires only.
True False
41. Self-administered surveys have very high response rates.
True False
42. A supervisor instruction form serves as a blueprint for training people to complete the interviewing
process in a consistent fashion.
True False
43. The number of interviewers required in a study is typically mentioned in the cover letter.
True False
44. Quotas are used to estimate the efficiency of interviewing.
True False
45. Information gathered from contact records includes length of time of the interview, completions by
quota categories, number of terminated interviews, reasons for termination, and so on.
True False
Essay Questions
46. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of unstructured questions as compared to structured
questions.
47. In what ways can a researcher frame "bad questions"?
48. What are the two functions performed by a transition phrase in a survey?
49. Describe the response order bias and the common methods variance.
50. What is the purpose of pretesting a survey?

Chapter 08 Designing the Questionnaire Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?
A. They serve as a guide for conducting larger main studies.

B. They are most commonly associated with causal experimental research designs.
C. They are small-scale investigations restricted to 10 to 30 subjects.
D. They are primarily used to design pretests.
E. They are studies that require a minimum of 1,000 respondents.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1 Describe the steps in questionnaire design.
2. A _____ is a descriptive research activity representing a small-scale investigation of 5 to 30

subjects that are representative of the main study's defined target population but focus on a
specific subcomponent of the main study.
A. median
B. pilot study
C. mode
D. pilot test
E. pretest

Difficulty: 1 Easy
3. A firm is examining its data requirements to achieve the objectives of its research study. The
management team determines that in order to get the needed data, it cannot use an
observation method. Instead, it will have to do a mail survey. The team is most likely in which
step of the questionnaire design process?
A. Confirming research objectives

B. Developing questions and data scaling
C. Determining layout and evaluate questionnaire
D. Pretesting, revising, and finalizing questionnaire
E. Selecting appropriate data collection method

4. Which of the following statements is true of unstructured questions?
A. They are ambiguous questions that contain at least two negatives.

B. They are often skipped by the respondents unless the questions are interesting.
C. They are loaded questions that suggest a socially desirable answer or involve an
emotionally charged issue.
D. They are questions with a predetermined list of responses available to aid or limit the
respondent's answers.
E. They include two or more different attributes or issues but allow the respondents to
comment on only a single issue.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Discuss the questionnaire development process.
5. _____ are open-ended questions that enable respondents to reply in their own words.
A. Double negative questions

B. Loaded questions
C. Double-barreled questions
D. Unstructured questions
E. Leading questions

6. Which of the following is true of structured questions?
A. They are very difficult to code.

B. They are used less often in quantitative surveys in comparison to unstructured questions.
C. They are easier for respondents to answer than are unstructured questions.
D. They are often skipped by respondents.
E. They are open-ended questions that enable respondents to reply in their own words.

7. On a survey, a student comes across a question that asks, "To what extent did you find
marketing and accounting courses useful?" This question is (most closely) an example of
a(n):
A. incomprehensible question.
B. unanswerable question.
C. leading question.
D. loaded question.
E. double-barreled question.

8. "Do you have a brother or a sister? If not, please ignore question 6 and proceed." This is an
example of a(n):
A. instructive question.
B. directive question.
C. loaded question.
D. leading question.
E. skip question.

9. Which of the following statements is true of the skip questions used in questionnaires?
A. They are used to screen the respondents of surveys.

B. They are difficult to code due to their closed-ended nature.
C. They appear at the beginning of questionnaires to encourage respondents to complete the
questionnaire.
D. They help ensure that only specifically qualified respondents answer certain items in the
questionnaire.
E. They are difficult to use in online surveys.

10. While filling out a survey, a respondent comes across a statement that reads: "This survey is
almost complete. There are only a few questions left." This statement is an example of a(n):
A. introductory statement.
B. concluding statement.
C. transition phrase.
D. layout phrase.
E. skip phrase.

11. In questionnaires, screening questions are used to:
A. prevent unqualified respondents from being included in the study.

B. provide the respondents with an overview of the research.
C. arrange the sequence of questions from general to more specific based on research
objectives.
D. identify difficult and sensitive questions and place them toward the end of each section.
E. eliminate or at least minimize response order bias.

Learning Objective: 8.3 Summarize the characteristics of good questionnaires.
12. Which of the following is true of respondents' behavior while answering questionnaires?
A. Respondents generally answer the demographic questions early in the survey while they
are still "fresh."
B. Respondents prefer questionnaires with questions that flow from demographic data to
more general information.
C. With numeric alternatives, respondents tend to select central values.
D. Answers that appear at the beginning or the end of a list are rarely selected by
respondents.
E. Respondents typically end answering a questionnaire with a thank-you statement.

13. With online surveys, response order bias is not a problem because:
A. the sequence of presentation of questions can be randomized.

B. they are likely to incorporate skip questions.
C. they are not introduced by cover letters.
D. there is no quota associated with them.
E. the introductory section is likely to contain screeners.

14. _____ is present in survey responses when the answers given by respondents to the
independent and dependent variable questions are falsely correlated.
A. Response order bias

B. Random error variance
C. Research question section
D. Comparative rating scale
E. Common methods variance

Difficulty: 1 Easy
15. Which of the following statements is true of questionnaires?
A. Questions are asked in a natural specific-to-general order to reduce the potential for
sequence bias.
B. Any sensitive questions are placed later in the questionnaire before the respondent
becomes engaged in the process of answering questions.
C. A well-prepared questionnaire consists of leading and double-barreled questions.
D. The value of a well-constructed questionnaire is difficult to estimate.
E. In good questionnaire design, questions flow from demographic data to more general
information.

16. After preparing a questionnaire but before submitting it to the client for approval, the
researcher should:
A. be aware of the number of attempts to contact respondents and complete a questionnaire.

B. work closely with data collection vendors to identify, target, and request participation from
specific groups so accurate response rates can be calculated.
C. give the client an opportunity to provide suggestions of topics overlooked or to ask any
questions.
D. obtain the final evaluation of the questionnaire from a pretest by asking respondents to pay
attention to words, phrases, instructions, and question sequence.
E. review the document carefully to determine whether each question is necessary and if the
overall length is acceptable.

17. In online surveys, calculating response rates can be a problem due to the:
A. close interaction of researchers with data collection vendors to identify and target
participation from specific groups.
B. inadequate number of individuals in organized panels of respondents.
C. possibility of recruitment of participants outside the official online data collection vendor.
D. ban on use of radio buttons, pull-down menus for responses, and the use of visuals.
E. application of graphics and animation.

18. Which of the following is true of a pretest?
A. The pretest form serves as a blueprint for training people on how to execute the
interviewing process in a standardized fashion.
B. The final version of a questionnaire is evaluated using a pretest.
C. The number of respondents for a pretest is most often between 500 and 700 individuals.
D. A pretest is prepared when the order of the questions, or of the closed-end responses to a
particular question, influences the answer given.
E. For pretests, the survey questionnaire is given to a large group of respondents.

19. Which of the following statements is true of the role of cover letters?
A. They are used by interviewers in qualitative research studies.

B. They are designed to enhance respondents' willingness to complete surveys.
C. They are used to exclude respondents that are representative of the defined target
population of a study.
D. They are used for training interviewers to correctly select a prospective respondent for
E. They serve as a blueprint for training people to complete the interviewing process of a
study in a consistent fashion.

Learning Objective: 8.4 Understand the role of cover letters.
20. A researcher is in the process of putting together a blueprint for training people to complete
the interviewing process in a consistent fashion. The researcher is most likely developing a:

C. cover letter.
D. screening form.
E. quota sheet.

Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the importance of other documents used with questionnaires.
21. Equipment and facility requirements are typically mentioned in the:

C. cover letter.
D. screening form.
E. quota sheet.

Difficulty: 1 Easy
22. An interviewer asks a person if he has traveled to foreign countries. The interviewee replies
that he has not traveled to foreign countries. Based on this response, the interviewer decides
to exclude him from his study. In this scenario, in order to exclude the interviewee from the
study, the interviewer has used a(n) _____.
A. rating card
B. screening question
C. interviewer instruction
D. quota sheet
E. supervisor instruction

23. Susan meets the necessary requirements for inclusion in a survey. Yet she is not included in
the survey. Which of the following supplemental documents might have been used by the
interviewer to exclude her from the sample?
A. Rating cards
B. Call record sheets
C. Interviewer instructions
D. Quota sheets
E. Supervisor instructions

24. Which of the following statements is true of the role of quotas in surveys?
A. They are used to evaluate the efficiency of interviewers.

B. They are used to increase the response rates for self-administered questionnaires.
C. They are used as blueprints for training people to complete the interviewing process in a
consistent fashion.
D. They are used to ensure that data is collected from the correct respondents.
E. They are primarily used to train interviewers to correctly select a prospective respondent
for inclusion in a study.

25. Call records are used to:
A. gather basic information about an interviewer's performance efficiency.

B. ensure that data is collected from the correct respondents by limiting respondents to a
predefined quota.
C. ensure the respondents included in a study are representative of the defined target
population.
D. obtain the respondent's cooperation and willingness to participate in the research project.
E. create double-barreled questions that can be used in an unstructured way.

True / False Questions

26. Despite advances in communication systems, the Internet, and software, the principles behind
designing questionnaires remain essentially unchanged.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
27. The first step in the process of designing a questionnaire is to select the appropriate data
collection method.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
28. Before beginning the process of designing a questionnaire, the researcher must obtain initial
client approval.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
29. In quantitative surveys, unstructured questions are used much more often than structured
questions.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
30. Questions related to income are considered sensitive in nature.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
31. Asking questions in a natural general-to-specific order reduces the potential for sequence
bias.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
32. Questionnaires should be designed to eliminate or at least minimize response order bias.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
33. It is difficult to use screening questions in computer-assisted surveys.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
34. It is easier to calculate response rates for online surveys than for phone surveys.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
35. For online questionnaires, the length of answer in open-ended questions is unaffected by the
size of the response box.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
36. One should avoid asking questions using a different measurement format in the same section
of the questionnaire.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
37. Complex formats or designs can ensure reliable and valid results.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
38. If pretesting reveals that respondents have skipped a lot of questions or are circling the same
answer for all questions within a group, it is a sign of possible boredom or tiring on the part of
the respondent.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
39. The process of implementing a survey is standard whether the survey is self-administered or
interviewer-completed.
FALSE

40. A cover letter is typically used with self-administered questionnaires only.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
41. Self-administered surveys have very high response rates.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
42. A supervisor instruction form serves as a blueprint for training people to complete the
interviewing process in a consistent fashion.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
43. The number of interviewers required in a study is typically mentioned in the cover letter.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
44. Quotas are used to estimate the efficiency of interviewing.
FALSE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
45. Information gathered from contact records includes length of time of the interview, completions
by quota categories, number of terminated interviews, reasons for termination, and so on.
TRUE

Difficulty: 1 Easy
Essay Questions
46. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of unstructured questions as compared to
structured questions.
Unstructured questions are open-ended questions that enable respondents to reply in their
own words. There is no predetermined list of responses available to aid or limit respondents'
answers. Open-ended questions are more difficult to code for analysis. More importantly,
these questions require more thinking and effort on the part of respondents. As a result, with
quantitative surveys there are generally only a few open-ended questions. Unless the question
is likely to be interesting to respondents, open-ended questions are often skipped.
47. In what ways can a researcher frame "bad questions"?
Bad questions prevent or distort communications between the researcher and the respondent.
Some ways in which questions can be "bad" are framing an unanswerable question because
the respondent does not have easy access to the information or because none of the answer
choices apply to the respondent, asking a leading or loaded question that directs the
respondent to answer in a certain way, and making questions double-barreled by asking the
respondent to address more than one issue at a time.
48. What are the two functions performed by a transition phrase in a survey?
A transition phrase, such as "The survey is almost complete. There are only a few more
questions," serves two purposes. First, when placed before asking demographic questions, it
signals to the respondent that a change in their thinking process is about to take place. They
should now prepare for answering personal questions. Second, it indicates that the task of
completing the survey is almost over.
49. Describe the response order bias and the common methods variance.
Response order bias occurs when the order of the questions, or of the closed-end responses
to a particular question, influences the answer given. Answers that appear at the beginning or
the end of a list tend to be selected most often. With numeric alternatives, respondents tend to
select central values. With online surveys this is not a problem because the order of
presentation can be randomized. It also is less of a problem with mail surveys because the
respondent can see all the possible responses.
Common methods variance (CMV) is biased variance that results from the measurement
method used in a questionnaire instead of the scales used to obtain the data. CMV is present
in survey responses when the answers given by respondents to the independent and
dependent variable questions are falsely correlated. The bias introduced by CMV is most likely
to occur when the same respondent answers at the same time both independent and
dependent variable questions that are perceptual in nature, and the respondent recognizes a
relationship between the two types of variables.
50. What is the purpose of pretesting a survey?
Pretesting a survey allows the researcher to identify any problems so that they can be fixed
before the survey is administered on a large scale. It also helps determine the amount of time
taken to complete the survey.

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Designing the Questionnaire

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?

A. They serve as a guide for conducting larger main studies.

2. A _____ is a descriptive research activity representing a small-scale investigation of 5 to 30

A. Confirming research objectives

A. They are ambiguous questions that contain at least two negatives.

A. Double negative questions

6. Which of the following is true of structured questions?

A. They are very difficult to code.

A. They are used to screen the respondents of surveys.

11. In questionnaires, screening questions are used to:

A. prevent unqualified respondents from being included in the study.

A. the sequence of presentation of questions can be randomized.

A. Response order bias

15. Which of the following statements is true of questionnaires?

A. be aware of the number of attempts to contact respondents and complete a questionnaire.

A. They are used by interviewers in qualitative research studies.

A. supervisor instruction form.

21. Equipment and facility requirements are typically mentioned in the:

A. supervisor instruction form.

A. They are used to evaluate the efficiency of interviewers.

25. Call records are used to:

A. gather basic information about an interviewer's performance efficiency.

True / False Questions

30. Questions related to income are considered sensitive in nature.

33. It is difficult to use screening questions in computer-assisted surveys.

40. A cover letter is typically used with self-administered questionnaires only.

41. Self-administered surveys have very high response rates.

44. Quotas are used to estimate the efficiency of interviewing.

50. What is the purpose of pretesting a survey?

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?

A. They serve as a guide for conducting larger main studies.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. A _____ is a descriptive research activity representing a small-scale investigation of 5 to 30

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. Confirming research objectives

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. They are ambiguous questions that contain at least two negatives.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. Double negative questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. Which of the following is true of structured questions?

A. They are very difficult to code.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. They are used to screen the respondents of surveys.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11. In questionnaires, screening questions are used to:

A. prevent unqualified respondents from being included in the study.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. the sequence of presentation of questions can be randomized.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. Response order bias

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. Which of the following statements is true of questionnaires?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. be aware of the number of attempts to contact respondents and complete a questionnaire.