o CollegeBoard SAT March ,2019 US IMPORTANT REMINDERS Ci 2) eee gue Sure ee aur cc’ Eee ac eu ee ms aio and Fairness policies and may result Nt Cnt hea This cover is representative of what you'll see on test day. THIS TEST BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM. UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR USE OF ANY PART OF THIS TEST BOOK IS PROHIBITED. {© 2015 The Cokege Board Cage Board, AT andthe aco loge are reseed trademarks ofthe Calege doaMath Test - No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section, psn For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet, For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet, Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1, The use ofa calculator is not permitted, 2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. Allfigures lie ina plane unless otherwise indicated, 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which fe) isa real number. poe t p : of Sn OH, Pre bh oe 3 ¥ PG . Aztw A=bh Special Right Triangles g 4 lhe V=twh v=arh darth ‘The number of degrees of arc ina circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2a. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. Unsure ong ores fay ptt spaniel u Kr[3 ‘Tony spends $80 per month on public transportation. A 10-ride pass costs $12.50, and a single-ride pass costs $1.50. Ifg represents the number of 10-ride passes ‘Tony buys in a month and ¢ represents the number of single-ride passes Tony buys in a month, which of the following equations best represents the relationship between gand f? A) g+t=80 B) g+t=1.50+12.50 ©) 1.50g+12.50¢=80 D) 12.50g-+1.50¢=80 T=1,000+18h In the equation above, T represents Brittany's total take-home pay, in dollars, for her first week of work, ‘where ht represents the number of hours she worked that week and 1,000 represents a sign-on bonus. If Brittany's total take-home pay was $1,576, for how many hours was Brittany paid for her first week of work? A) 16 B) 32 © 55 D) 88 [Unauthorized copying or reuse of any partof this page i Mega 3 ol A dlothing store is having a sale on shirts and pants, During the sale, the cost of each shirt is $15 and the cost of each pair of pants is $25. Geoff can spend at ‘most $120 atthe store. If Geoff buys s shirts and p pairs of pants, which of the following must be true? A) 155425ps120 B) 15s+25p>120 ©) 255415psi20 D) 28s+15p2120 FE pastes a(e_sje-aee? A) ou a 3 oO 9 D) -19 353 a f(s)=x +32 —6x-1 For the function f defined above, what is the value of Fay? A) -n B) 7 oO 7 Dou gw ‘Triangle ABC and triangle DEF are similar triangles, where AB and DE are corresponding sides. If DE=2AB and the perimeter of triangle ABC is 20, what is he perimeter of triangle DEF? A) 10 B) 40 Cc) 80 D) 120 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part ofthis page Baga pA 3 @ ‘There were no jackrabbits in Australia before 1788 when 24 jackrabbits were introduced, By 1920 the * population of jackrabbits had reached 10 billion. Ifthe population had grown exponentially, this would correspond to a 16.2% increase, on average, in the population each year. Which of the following functions best models the population p(t) of jackrabbits ¢ years after 1788? A) p(t)=1.162(24)) B) p(t)=24(2)"™ © p(t)=24(1.162) D) p(t) =(24-1.162)' 36ny 3 ‘Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of 3x'42x? and Ax‘+72°? A) 16x B) 7x" +9x¢ ©) 12x +142" D) 7x*49x7 oO ‘The function fis defined by f(x)=x", and the function gis defined by ¢(x)=x" +3. Which of the following translations ofthe graph of fin the 2y-plane results in the graph of g? A) A translation 3 units downward B) A translation 3 units upward ©) A translation 3 units to the left D) A translation 3 units to the right LUnauthorlzed copying or reuse of ary partof this page gal, A E Note: Figure not drawn to sale. In the figure above, segments AE and BD are parallel. If angle BDC measures 58° and angle ACE measures 62°, what is the measure of angle CAR? A) 58° B) 60" ©) D) 120° 37|\f3 a ‘An oceanographer uses the equation ede to model the speed s, in knots, ofan ocean wave, where p represents the period of the wave, in seconds, Which of the following represents the period of the wave in terms of the speed of the wave? a) p-2 B) UF Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part ofthis pages legal Ons ‘Which of the following could be an equation for the ‘graph shown in the xy-plane above? A) yonBeee Seta 2 ©) ya-}at4 D) Ages 36 ax tby=b In the equation above, a and b are constants and’ 00? A) (x+4)t B) (x+4)* © (x+4) D) D) (x+ayt Unauthortzed copying or reuse of ary patof this page's legal 3913 & 3] I answer: — ta = For questions 16-20, solve the problem and srwer” | 7 2 enter your answer in the grid,as described in boxes, |< fzction below, on the answer sheet. _ |< Decimal ele ea 1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1} | | you write your answer in the boxes at the top. fo) ry 2) of the columns to help you fillin the circles Grid in | |@) a 2) accurately. You will receive credit only ifthe _Fesult.4 |) | 2 rela are ilesin const Sse 4 2. Marko more than one iden ary column Salsa gy 3. No question nasa negative answer Sissi s 2. Some problems may have more tan one esse q comrecanawer Insichcaves only one Sisiols S| 5, Mixed numbers such as 31 must be gridded Acceptable ways to grid 3 are: 1 s3sor72.0 Bal alsenedinothe aisisl (.lelel elal7 ayttwillbeitepretedas not 4 3 Le! PI2e| laa : aii IDSC) leldicld leldicia 6. Decimal nswers:fyou obtain a decins! Qe Pee eK smeared fan cn BIg) M2) kee sccommodnte maybe eer oandedor QA |BIae, aie troncated butt ru il te ene gd BlezI2 |g2212) ego A@@| |@@@/@) |@@@@| AO|O| |Q|O|@/O} |O|o/|@o| ®@OO|O@| |oee| \O}@|@|O| DBQ| |M|@| e| Answer 201 ~ ether postion sconec NOTE: You 4] [2|o[a| | maysoryour sip) eves ay 12 ium pace 6 \doee sin ©) | |@lO|O} columns you ©) QD D/@lO| don'tneedto. 2! \elale} use should be 2} IRISISIS| ean ur3 gE 3 If t>0 and (31)'—5(5t)14=0, what isthe value of ? . xte=9 ‘What value of x satisfies the equation given? A(x)=x +ax! +be+e ‘The function his defined above, where a, b, and c are integer constants. Ifthe zeros ofthe function are -5, 6, and 7, what is the value of c? 3 ‘What is the solution to the equation above? 2x+3y=31 3x-y=30 If (xy) isthe solution to the system of equations above, ‘what isthe value of 100x+40y2 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any othersection. [continue 9 LUnauthortzed copying or reuse of any partfthis page egal a4 be, 4 Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS ‘Tum to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. DIESE For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fil n the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answerin the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use. any available space in your test booklet for scratch work, 1. The use ofa calculator is permitted. 2. Allvariables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided inthis test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4, Allfigures lena plane unless otherwise indicated. 5, Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function is the set of all veal numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. 2x, oF 0° 45 3 . Special Right Triangles V=twh Vemh The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. ‘The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. Unutaeed oping ree fay patti ag ep 2 [ conTiNuE 44 ‘Makayla is planning an event in a 5,400-square-foot room. If there should be at least 8 square feet per person, what is the maximum number of people that could attend this event? A) 588 B) 675 ©) 15,274 D) 43,200 ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale, In the figure, three lines intersect at point P. Ifx=65 and y=75,what is the value of 2? A) 140 B) 80 Cc) 40 D) 20 Unauthorled copying or reuse of any partofthispage's egal. -x=1, what is the value of x? ‘The scatterplot above shows eight data points in the -ay-plane. A line of best fit is also shown for the data, If each data point is shifted 3 units upward and a new line of best fit forthe shifted points is drawn, how will the value of the y-intercept ofthe new line compare with that of the line shown? A) Itwill increase, B) Iwill decrease. ©) _Itwill remain the same. D) There will no longer bea y-intercept.4 B 4 Gerardo has 3 blue shirts and w white shirts in his closet, and these are the only shirts in his closet. If Gerardo selects a shirt at random from his closet, which of the following gives the probability that ‘Gerardo will select a white shirt? ” 4” aw 3 B » 3+w oF Lines ¢ and k in the xy-plane above are the graphs of 3 the equations in a system. How many solutions does 3 p 2 the system of equations have? . ” A) None B) One Cc) Two D) More than two ‘Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany partofthis page egal4 J (z)==0.001160(x-251.5)' +7337 ‘The vertical height, in meters, ofthe upper arch of the Harbor Bridge in Sydney, Australia, above the roadway of the bridge can be modeled by the function above, where x is the horizontal distance along the roadway, in meters, from the entry to the bridge. The ‘graph of y=f(x) is shown in the xy-plane below. ? zatryto u roo | % a L " we | ye zie { zy I x 109 200 300 00 500. 600 Distance from entry to bridge (meters) In the graph, the point (0, 0) represents the entry to the bridge. Which of the following points represents the exit from the bridge on the opposite end? A) (0, 73.37) B) (0,503.0) © (7337.0) D) (503.0, 0) Unauthorized copying or rewe of any part ofthis page Iga. 4 gi ‘The graph of y=jtx) isa line in the xy-plane that passes through the point (0, 2) and has a slope of 5. ‘Which of the following equations could define the function f? A) 4514 Citrus Production in China (2006-2014) 40 351] __ Citrus Production (millions of metric tons) | }tt | 6 2 4 6 8 Years since 2006 ‘The scatterplot above shows the citrus production, in millions of metric tons, in China from 2006 through 2014. Which of the following could be the slope of a line of best fit for these data? A) 22 B) 525 ©) 7.80 D) 1029 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any par ofthis page leg. 4 F(x)=(x+4)(2-1)22-3) ‘The function fis defined above. Which of the following is NOT an x-intercept of the graph of the function in the xy-plane?In 4 Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following Information ct) 85 I BS 16 The length C(t), in inches, of channel catfish in an Towa river t years after the first year of life can be approximated by the linear function C, Some values of C(t) ate given in the table above, F(t)=3te4 ‘The length F(t), in inches, ofa flathead catfish in the same lowa river t years after the first year of life can be approximated by the linear function F, defined by the equation above. buy ‘According to the model, which of the following is closest to the expected age, to the nearest whole year, of a flathead catfish that is 31 inches long? A) 10 years old B) 13 years old ©) 98 years old D) 106 years old Unauthorized copying or reuse of any partof this page ifega. a7 4 Which ofthe following equations could define Casa function of ? A) C(t)=25t+6 B) Clt)=Ze+as O ce)=25e+85 D) c(t)=2t+814 i 4 Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following information, ‘Type of Contact Lens Fittings WH percent refitings EEL_percent new ftings Country | Total itings | Mean age _ Canada 336 He 08 France 1470 HO 0% Netherlands 8 350 oe New Zealand 72 363 Sweden 36 363 ue Taiwan 1374 266 on ‘The results of an international survey of contact lens fittings during a given time period are summarized in the table and bar graph above. The table shows the number of total fittings and the mean age, in years, of the patients who were fitted for contact lenses during the time period. The total fittings consisted of new contact lens fittings and refittings. The bar graph shows the percent of the patients who received new fittings and the percent who received refittings. ‘What is the range, in years, of the mean ages of the patients surveyed who had contact lens fittings in the countries shown? A) 80 B) 84 ©) 97 D) 103 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any par of this pages egal Of the following, which best approximates the number ‘of patients surveyed who received refittings in New Zealand? A) 274 B) 358 ©) 447 D) 585[4 8 4 ‘A park ranger asked a random sample of visitors how far Observed Matings among Fruit Fies they hiked during their visit, Based on the responses, the : estimated mean was found to be 4.5 miles, with an Female fruit fly group associated margin of error of 0.5 miles. Which of the Female [Fema ead following is the best conclusion from these data? raised on on | Tor lowing is condlusio e i " a ‘A)+ Itis likely that all visitors hiked between 4 and 5 ‘Male miles. raisedon | 22 9 31 Male | starch B) _Itis likely that most visitors hiked exactly 4.5 miles. fruit fly oie group | ©) _Itis not possible that any visitor hiked less than 3 raised on 8 20 28 : maltose miles, | Total 30 2 59 D)_Itis plausible that the mean distance hiked for all visitors is between 4 and 5 miles. ‘The table above shows the observed mating frequencies among group of fruit flies raised on either astarch ‘medium or a maltose medium, What fraction of the observed matings were between fruit flies that were raised on the same medium? A) = ns o #2 » 2 Unauthorized copying or ruse of any part ofthis page legal.03 six-pointed | needles 5 fand pointed $0 - plates For : 00 2 0} 02030 ‘Temperature (*F) ‘The figure above shows a graph with six regions that correspond to temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), ‘and humidity conditions, in grams of water vipor per cubic meter of air (gin), that will result in different snow crystal shapes when the crystals are grown in a laboratory. Based on the graph, which of the following is ¢ combination of temperature and humidity at which prisms will be formed? A) S*Fand0.15 gin? B) 15°F and 0.18 gim* ©) 20°F and 0.02 gim* D) 30°F and 0.08 g/m? Unauthorized copying or reuse of any par ofthis pages Mega 4 WA sample of 40 fourth-grade students was selected at random from a certain school The 40 students, completed a survey about the morning announcements, and 32 thought the ennouncements were helpful. Which of the following isthe largest population to which the results of the survey can be applied? A) The 40 students who were surveyed B) All fourth-grade students at the school ©) All students at the school D) All fourth-grade students in the county in which the school is located4 Questions 19 and 20 refer to the following information Ryan is comparing five different hay balers (machines that make bales of hay). The bales made are all in the shape of a cylinder, as shown below. ‘The price of each hay baler and the dimensions of the bales of hay it makes are shown in the table below. Hay | Bale diameter | Bale Price baler range width A 32-51in | 46in | $19,800 B 35-60in_| 46in | $27,900 c 35-72in | 46in | $32,000 D 35-65in | 62in | $37,500 E 32-72in__| 62in | $46,900 Of the following, which ratio is closest to the width of bales made by hay baler A to the width of bales made by hay baler D? A) 0741 B) 1351 ©) L741 D) 174 UUnauthortzed copying of euse of any part ofthis page leg 4| 1 20 | Which of the following is closest to the percent by ‘which the price of hay baler F exceeds the price of hay baler @ A) 189% B) 31.8% ©) 40.5% D) 46.6%[4 a 4 Ina right triangle, the tangent of one of the two acute B ay xtysx angles is angle? ‘What isthe tangent of the other acute ‘Which ordered pair isa solution to the system of equations above? A(t “ A) BD (Bo B) © (55 *) c) D) (V5,-1+08) D) a “The graph of the exponential function gin the 2] xy-plane passes through the points (0,, 1), (1,4), and In the xy-plane, lineé hasa slope of 2. Ifline kis (2, 16). Which ofthe following is NOT true? perpendicular to line ¢, which ofthe following could A) Aline can be drawn that does not intersect the bean equation of line K? graph of A) -10x~sy=20 B) Aline can be drawn that intersects the graph of ¢ at exactly one point. |B) ax-6y=14 ©) Aline can be drawn that intersects the graph of g ©) ax-2ya17 at exactly two points. D) Aline can be drawn that intersects the graph of g D) 6x+12y=36 at exactly three points. ‘Unauthorized copying orreuse of any part ofthis pages legal 52‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale. ‘The diagram above represents Edward T, Hall's concept of space surrounding a person defined by four nonoverlapping regions. Intimate space isthe region inside a circle of radius 1 foot. Personal space isthe region within a circle of radins 4 feet but outside intimate space. Social space is the region within a circle of radius 12 feet but outside personal space. Public space is the region within a circle of radius 25 feet but outside social space. What isthe area, in square fet, of the shaded region representing a person's social space? A) 127" B) 128% ©) iin D) 625" Unauthortzed copying or reuse of any partofthispage gal 4 ‘Anita created a batch of green paint by mixing 2 ounces of blue paint with 3 ounces of yellow paint. She ‘must mixa second batch using the same ratio of blue and yellow paint as the first batch, Ifshe uses 5 ounces of blue paint for the second batch, how much yellow paint should Anita use? A). Exactly 5 ounces B) 3 ounces more than the amount of yellow paint ‘used in the fist batch ©) 1.5 times the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch D) _L.Stimes the amount of blue paint used in the second batch In the equation above, a isa constant, For what value of 4 does the equation have infinitely many solutions? A) -8 B) 2 Qo 2 D) 8 53‘The wholesale price of a kilogram of lentils decreased by 1% from the previous month for six consecutive months. Ifx is the number of months since the price began to drop and y isthe cost ofa kilogram of lentil, which of the following equations could mode! the cost of lentils over this time period? A) y=0.99x+1.65 B) 1x +1.65, ©) y=1.65(0.99)* D) y=1.65(1.01)* Unauthorized copylng or reuse of any pat ofthis pages Mega et x45 (#-2)(x+5) ‘The equation above is trueforallx>2, where rand are positive constants. What is the value of rt? A) -20 B) 15 ©) 20 D) 60 If ax-+-a=3, where a isa nonzero constant, which of the following must be equal to x+1? a) 3 B) a ©) 3a D)14 For queitions 21-26 se the problem and ine yersaien apa ected Belowontneaawer sheet, Although not required its suggested that you write your answer in the boxes atthe top ‘of the columns to help you fil in the circles, accurately. You will receive credit only ifthe circles are filled in correctiy Mark no more than one circle in any column, No question has a negative answer, Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one Mixed numbers suchas 3 must be gridded 535 or 7/2.(IF 3 not 34 9Fid,it will be interpreted as 3!,not 34) is entered into the Decimal answers: Ifyou obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fil the entire grid. answer Z Answer 25 mower |Z 14 |2 lal .|5 inboxes. / PATS |Dig| < Fraction | eae WOO) vecimar ooo E{ojo}o} Pot Ojo\eo Da|o\o| 2\a|a/e| 2\e/2\2) Gin | O}O|@/@) a|a/a|o) Mt] I@IG|@ a\a/a\a) a|a|@/a) ler olo/@\o) |O/@|o) leja|a\a) @\a/a\a) B|@|@/o) @\@/a\e) aloloo) a0)0|0) Acceptable woysto ghd 2a ) OS|o See; |= | 3 . |6|6|7) DO 1O) WOO) OO /O}O| DQIO|@| DIDID|O} D@|2/2) D|@|2}a| a@je|\e @DI@|Q!Q} @@@|@ a) DIS|O|@ SOO) Q|Oj|O|O OQ}@/@\o) aaa) DID|Qe@| either position is correct NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting, Columns you don't need to use should be left blank. Unauthorized copying or ruse of any part ofthis page Isilega En»4 4 mt : devia | Tfaisthe mean and bis the median of nine [consecutive integers, what is the value of Ja—bl? ‘What value of x satisfies the equation above? Boat A ya-ler? +641 +80 | | [The equation above gives the height of an object above Boat B {the ground, y, in feet, t seconds after it is launched [| from a platform. How many seconds after itis | launched does the object reach the ground? 0 1 2% 3 4 50 6 7 ‘Number of fish caught ‘The box plots above summarize the distribution of the ‘number of fish caught each day on two commercial fishing boats for a season. By how many fish does the ‘median number of fish caught each day on Boat B ‘exceed the median number on Boat A? ‘Unauthorized copying or reuse of ary part ofthis page legal 564 B 4 135) : aa {Ina science classroom, when labs are performed, R students are seated at lab tables. If the teacher assigns 2 ‘The formula above is Ohm's law for an electric circuit students to each lab table, 4 additional lab tables will be with current I, in amperes, potential difference V, in needed to seat all of the students. Ifthe teacher assigns volts, and resistance R, in ohms. A circuit has a 4 students to each lab table, 4 lab tables will not be used. resistance 500 ohms, ands potential difference wll iow many students ae inthe science clas? be generated by n six-volt batteries that produce a total potential difference of 6n volts. Ifthe circuit is to have a current of no more than 0.25 ampere, what is the greatest number, n, of six-volt batteries that can be used? ‘The number y is 20% greater than the number x.'The ‘number zis 20% less than y. ‘The number zis how many times x? In the xy-plane, line k intersects the y-axisat the point i (0,6) and passes through the point (2,2). Ifthe i point (20, w) lies on line k, what is the value of w2 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. [CONTINUE 57 Unauthorized copying or ruse of any part ofthis page egalNo Test Material On This PageeG CollegeBoard. SAT’ March 2019 US DIRECTIONS REMINDERS The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively — Donot write your essay in you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay this booklet. Only what you analyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate write on the lined pages of that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and your answer booklet will be logical analysis, and use language precisely. evaluated. Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer — An off-topic essay will not booklet; except for the Planning Page of the answer booklet, be evaluated. you will receive no other paper on which to write, You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size, Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. ‘You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet. ‘THIS TEST BOOKLET MUST NOT BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM, UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR USE OF ANY PART OF THIS TEST BOOKLET IS PROHIBITED. {©2015 The College Board College Boar, SAT and the com ogo. tered ademas of he Coleg Boor‘As you read the passage below, consider how authors uses © evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims. © reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence. © stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, toadd power to the ideas expressed. Adapted from Lawrence Norden and Christopher Famighetti, “Aging Voting Machines Are a Threat to Democracy” ©2016 by huffingtonpost.com. Originally published September 28, 2016. i should not be difficult to rally our elected leaders to remedy an eminently fixable problem threatening our democracy: the looming crisis resulting from our nation’s, ‘outdated voting machines. In the vast majority of states, aging voting machines are approaching the end of their useful lives. To continue to use this equipment past its projected lifespan could be disastrous. After years of wear-and-tear, machine parts like motherboards, memory cards, and touch screens begin to fail. When this happens ‘on Election Day, machines must be taken out of service. Voters can be forced to wait in line—sometimes for hours—while repairs are mace or machines substituted. ‘This can only shake confidence in the electoral process, and in worst case scenarios ‘can impact election results. In the 2012 election, according a study by political scientists from Harvard and MIT, between 500,000 and 700,000 votes were lost nationally because of long lines. Absent action to replace or upgrade machines, this problem will only grow worse. A little history is in order. After the 2000 presidential election debacle, involving “hanging chads” on paper ballots in Florida, Congress passed a law allocating more than $2 billion to the states to replace obsolete voting equipment. By 2006, the vast ‘majority of election jurisdictions had deployed new machines. ‘Voting system experts agree that most machines purchased since 2000 have a projected lifespan of between 10 and 15 years. Today, 43 states are using systems that will be at least 10 yeats old in 2016; 14 are using machines that will be atleast 15 years old. No one expects a laptop computer to last for 10 years. Its wrong to ‘expect these electronic voting machines, many of which use laptop technology from the 1990s, to last much longer. For a high-profile example of what can go wrong with antiquated machines consider Virginia's 2014 election. Following reports of machines crashing or registering votes incorrectly, the state Board of Elections commissioned an expert review to look at 27 malfunctioning touch screen machines. In 26 of them, they found the glue holding the touch screens in place had degraded, knocking them out of alignment so votes were not recorded properly. That problem may not be limited to Virginia, The same model ofthis antiquated machine is still used in 20 states.0 R a Security is another problem with older machines. In a related investigation, looking. ata different machine, Virginia investigators found wireless cerds that could allow “an external party to access the [machine] and modify the data without notice from a nearby location.” In the years since those machines were purchased, much has been learned about how to design voting systems that are more user friendly and accessible to all. We have developed techniques that can audit the count of paper ballots, to ensure that the software on new machines is correctly tallying votes. AAs it is, maintaining the outdated machines used today is often a struggle. As voting systems age, the parts necessary to support them go out of production. Some election officials have to resort to finding parts on eBay. It is too late for most jurisdictions to acquire new voting machines in time for the 2016 election. But that does not mean there is time to waste. To ensure new ‘machines are in place before 2018 or even 2020, planning and budgeting must begin immediately. Even in the absence of new machines, there are important steps that states and counties can take in the next several months to reduce failures or minimize their impact on voting next November. Officials should test every voting machine before Election Day to catch problems ahead of time. Training poll workers on how to deal with machine problems is also critical, Poll workers who know what to do in case of ‘machine problems can make the difference between @ major Election Day fiasco and abrief delay. Of course, the fragile state of voting machines is no secret to those election officals ‘who need to replace them. What too many lack is the money to do so. Congress has a role to play. As it did 13 years ago, Washington should provide an infusion of money to help purchase new machines. But today, few in Congress of either party are talking about this problem. Realistically, given how soon action needs to be taken, states are going to have to provide the majority of funds. Ata moment of intense budget pressures, replacing all ofthe aging machines will not be cheap—the total cost could easily reach $1 billion nationwide. But even in tough ‘budget times, this is an essential investment. The mechanics of democracy are too important to rely on outdated systems that are increasingly prone to failure. Write an essay in which you explain how authors build an argument to persuade her audience that the outdated US. voting machines should be replaced. In your essay, analyze how Lawrence Norden and Christopher Famighetti use one or more ofthe features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the mostrelevant features ofthe passage. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with authors’ claims, but rather explain how authors builds an argument to persuade their audience,YOUR NAME (PRINT)..... last first Mw TEST CENTER .... NUMBER NAME OF TEST CENTER RooM NUMBER The SAT GENERAL DIRECTIONS = You may work on only one section ata time, test book. = After time has been called, you may not transfer answers from your test book to your answer sheet or fill circles. = You may not fold or rernove pages or pottions of a page from this book or take the book or answer sheet from the testing room. ~ Ifyou finisha section before time is called, check The codes below are unique to your test book. your work on that section. You may NOT tur to any Copy them on your answer sheet in boxes 8 and 9 and fill other section, in the corresponding circles exactly as shown. MARKING ANSWERS TESTO ~ Be sure tomark your answer sheet properly. js COMPLETE MARK @ EXAMPLES OF Q8e6 INCOMPLETE MARKS @ BEB) ~ You must use a No.2 pencil FORM CODE ~ Carefully mark only one answer for each question, Comegene ~ Make sure you fil the entire circle darkly and completely. L = Donot make any stray marks on your answer sheet. 3 3 3 ie ~ Ifyou erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may lo o } be scored as intended answers, dlolalo ~ Use only the answer spaces that correspond to the © |Q}O/@ question numbers. Q/Q|® © |@)9|@ = You may use the test book for scratch work, but you 2]o/o]o will not receive credit for anything that you write in your 8 Be SCORING ~ For each correct answer, you receive one point. = You do not lose poirts for wrong answers; therefore, you should try to answer every question even if you are not sure of the correct answer. Goleman aac Cues enn sa) Neg caine RO ear Test) QOODOOOOHHOOHOHOHHOOGHHHOOOSO| ©99HLH9OGHHHOHHHHSHOHOSHOOHHOSH| QOOOHOHOGHOGOOHHHOHOHOHOOOGO) ©0990990800E Ideas contained in passages for this test, some of which ae excerpted or adapted from BNSA32 published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board, prea e Mee ea R eee ol heel Teese)CURVE EPC CLS) NO CALC 3/9/2019 SAT QAS READING ]s/9]3/4]2[5]2]9] a] 53]9]3/3]4]2] 5/2] a] 8] 4/2] 9]3]4]9|5] 2] a] 9] 219] 2]3