Teaching Unit 6 The Modal Verb Be to For Study To be to as a modal verb is used to talk about formal or official arrangements, formal instructions or to give orders. It is particularly common in news reports to talk about future events. To be to is used in the Present and Past Indefinite Tense forms and expresses: 1. An_ obligation arising out of an arrangement or plan. It is found in statements and questions. The West German Chancellor és to visit France. The European Parliament is to introduce a new law on safety at work We are to get a 10 per cent wage rise in June. When am I to come? Who is to be the first? Tfelt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. Twas to meet Mother at the dentist's at U1. The last two sentences, in which 40 be fo is used in the Past Indefinite. do not indicate whether the action did or did not take place. On the other hand it is the only way to indicate a fulfilled future in the past. Twas to meet Mother at 11 (and I did). NOTET: To be to is used to talk about things that can be controlled by people: We are to complete this work by tomorrow. But: We don’t know where the meteorite is going to land (not: is to land). I suppose we will all die eventually(not: we are to die). To emphasize that the action Indefinite of the verb fo be to. Iwas to have started work last week, but I changed my mind, Iwas to have come (but I failed to do so). She was to have graduated in June, but unfortunately fell ill. not take place the Perfect Infinitive is used after the Past 2. Astrict order given either by the speaker or (more usually) by some official authority You are to stay here until I return (tell you to...) You are to do your homework before you watch TV. You are to do it exactly the way you are told. 3. An instruction applying to some rules and directions. In this meaning the passive Infinitive is more common. This cover is not to be removed. To be taken three times a day after meals (on a medicine bottle). A strict prohibition (only in the negative form). ‘She can go to the party, but she is not to be back late. You are not to tell anybody about it. We are not to leave the place until we are told to. Children are not to be left unsupervised in the museum. 5. A purpose, a plan. A knife is to cut with, 104The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries 6. Possibility due to an arrangement or an order (co/1acho pacnosioxkeHMio, nopastxy). In this meaning f0 be to is used in all kinds of sentences in the present and past tenses and is followed by the Passive Infinitive. He was not to be seen anywhere. Nothing was to be done under the circumstances. Where és this book to be found? Her father was ofien to be seen in the bar of the Hotel Metropole. 7. Unreal possibility due to an arrangement or an order, To be fo in the Subjunctive Mood form followed by the Indefinite Infinitive is found in conditional clauses where it is structurally dependent, I he were to come again I should not receive him. 8 Something that is destined to happen or is unavoidable. it corresponds to the Russian cyaiedeno, npedcmoum. I didn't know at that time that she was to be my wife (amo eit cyotcdeno Geno cmamp moet weno). As a young man he didn't know that he was to become a famous scientist (emy Npedcmonno cman IHamenumoLM yuenbLM). He was never to see her again (emy Gonoue nuKozda He cyacdeno Go.10 ee yeudems) It was not to be (smomy ue cyscdeno Gou10 cayeumscn). This structure is also common in if-clauses, when the main clause expresses a precondition- something that must happen first (in the main clause) before something else can take place (in the sf-clause), Such sentences are often translated by the Russian verb xomemp, If we are to get there by lunchtime we had better hurry up (ecau st: xomus yenemb k o6edy). He knew he would have to work hard if he was to pass his exam (ecau on xomes cdame 9x3amen). Ifwe are to be neighbours for life we should be on friendly terms (eenu wast npedcmoum 6c1o seus» Geum» cocedaMu...). NOTE2: Compare the use of to be to + Infinitive and the Present Indefinite for the future in if- clause: Jones needs to improve his technique if he is to win gold at the next Olympi. ‘and: Jones has said that he will retire from athletics if he wins gold at the next Olympics. “NOTE3: Note the difference between 10 be to and fo have to: Soldiers have to salute their officers (such is customary obligation, the general rule). All junior officers are to report to the colonel at once (an order). Remember the following set phrases with the verb fo be to: Where am Ito go? Kyoa ace ame desambes? Kyda oie ane udmu? What am Ito do? Ymo sue deramy? Kax ane Gems? What is to become of me? ‘Imo co mnoit 6yoem? Who is to begin? Koay nawuname? Who is to blame? Kmo eunoeam? You are to be congratulated, Bac 1ado noxdpasume tis to be hoped. 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