Synthetic Aviation Turbine

Fuel (SATF) ASTM

Qualification Update
Presented to CAAFI® Biennial General Meeting

Presented by Mark Rumizen, Senior Technical Specialist,

Aviation Fuels
Date June 2, 2022
Agenda
• How are SATFs Approved?
• ASTM D4054 Evaluation Process
• FAA D4054 Clearinghouse & Activity
• D4054 Fast Track
• SATF Pre-Screening
• Synthetic Blend Component (SBC) Blend Limits

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How are SATFs Approved?

New SATF Meets Existing

Operating Limitations,
4 D1655 = D7566
Therefore Approved to ASTM
Use on Virtually All Specification
Existing Aircraft Blend SBC with = Approval
=
Jet Fuel to Make to Fly
Conventional Drop-In
Drop-in SATF
Jet Fuel Spec Jet Fuel Spec

Tested Before
1 3 D7566
Blending with
Drop-In
Conventional
Jet Fuel Spec
Jet Fuel

Then New SAF Annex Added to

Drop-In Fuel Spec Synthetic
Jet A and FAA Approved Operating Blend
Limitations Based on ASTM
Jet A-1 2 D4054 Components
Fuel Specifications
Fuel SAJF Evaluation (SBC)
Process

If New SAF Meets Conventional

Jet Fuel Spec & Properties

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Synthesized Aviation Turbine Fuel Progress
May 24, 2006
CAAFI Established

A1
June 2009
Alternative Commercial Aviation
FT-SPK Annex A1
Jet Fuel Alternative Fuel Initiative
June 2009
Annex (see www.caafi.org)
ASTM D7566 Issued
December 2009
Drop-in Fuel ASTM D4054 Issued
Specification A2 Alternative
July 2011
A3 Jet Fuel
HEFA-SPK Annex A2 June 2014 Evaluation
A4 SIP Annex A3 Process
November 2015 A5
FT-SPK/A Annex A4 April 2016
ATJ-SPK Annex A5
A6 Isobutanol Feedstock Only
December 2019 June 2018
CHJ Annex A6 Ethanol Feedstock Added

May 2020 A7
HC-HEFA Annex A7

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Let’s Look at the ASTM D4054 Evaluation Step

5
D4054 Process Determines “Backwards Compatibility” of SAF

Drop-in
Existing Engines Fuel

New Fuel
1950’s 1970’s 1990’s 2000’s

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ASTM D4054 Evaluation Process
Tier 2
Tier 1
Phase 1
ASTM
Research
Report
OEM Review &
Fit-For-Purpose Tier 3 & 4
Specification
Properties Requirements
Properties

Tier 3 Tier 4
Phase 2
ASTM
Research
Report
OEM Review &
Component/Rig Testing Engine/APU Approval
Testing ASTM ASTM Balloting
Review Process
& Ballot
Accept
ASTM
FAA Review
D7566
Reject Re-Eval
Specification As Required
Annex
ASTM
Specification

7
 FAA D4054 Clearinghouse
Structured as a Coordinates, Manages,
Cost Share and Conducts D4054
FAA Funds Arrangement Evaluation Process
Under ASCENT
Final
Center of Research
Excellence Report Out

University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI)

Candidate
SATF In

UDRI Contact
Dr. Steven Zabarnick
Steven.Zabarnick@udri.udayton.edu
(937) 255-3549

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D4054 Activity Status
Exploratory Discussions
Shell IH2

Forge?
OMV Re-Oil?
Virent SAK
D1655 Co-
Alder Energy? Processing
Vertimass?
Activity
Prometheus? REVO?
Lipids Co-
processing (D1655)

FT Co-
Green Lizard processing
(D1655)

ASTM Task
Forces

Inc Lipids co-

processing
feedstock blend
from 5% to 30%
Indian HFP-HEFA &
CSIR-IIP (Green Diesel) (Ethanol) Annex A6 Co-process
(On Hold) ARA CHJ
pyrolysis oil
Annex A7
ATJ-SKA IHI HC-HEFA from used tires
(Swed Biofuels)
Co-process
Global
BioEnergies
hydroprocessed
ATJ-SPK biomass

9
D4054 Fast Track Annex

Jet A Property and Lite Testing Program For

Compositional Range SATFs with Nominal Jet
Fuel Properties and
Compositions
D4054 Property and
Compositional
Objectives

Limited to a 10% Blend

Fast Track Percentage
Target Values

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SATF Pre-Screening
Pre-Screening Phase
Property/Performance
Predictions
• GCxGC,
• IR absorption, and/or Optimize/Refine
Tier 𝜶𝜶 • NMR ml’s of Conversion
test fuel Process/Composition
Critical Properties
• DCN • Viscosity
• Density • Surface
• Distillation Tension
Tier β Curve
ASTM D4054 Evaluation
Phase

100’s to 1000’s of
gallons of test fuel

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Let’s Take a Closer Look at Synthetic Blend Component (SBC)
Blend Limits

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SBC Composition Compared to Jet A Fuel
Compositional
Compositional Composition
Subset
Subset al Subset
Annex A1 Annex A7
Compositional FT-SPK Naphthalenes HC-HEFA
Subset

Annex A2
Aromatics Fully
HEFA-SPK Isoparaffins Formulated
Annex A6
CHJ
Cycloparaffins
Annex A3
SIP
Normal Paraffins
Compositional
Subset Jet A Fuel
Annex A5
Annex A4 ATJ-SPK
FT-SPK/A
Compositional
Fully Subset
Formulated

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Max Allowable Blend % in Conventional Jet Fuel
50%

10%

50%

10% 50%

50%

50%

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 What Determines the Maximum Blend Percentage?
To Meet Jet
Fuel Property Approved
50%
Requirements Under
Streamlined
“Fast Track”
To Meet Jet Process
Fuel Property
Requirements
Conservatism,
Until Service
Experience
To Meet Jet Gained
Fuel Property
Requirements

To Meet Jet
Conservatism, Fuel Property
Until Service Requirements
Experience
Gained

15
Thank You
Mark Rumizen
Senior Technical Specialist, Aviation Fuels
Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Certification Service
Email: mark.rumizen@faa.gov
Phone: 781-402-4609

Questions?

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