[A Guide to the Endodontic Literature (Success & Failure: isto Se Ensodonolony (1096 1 A land the conure of te POL Be noma (Rae Gray Remrance ‘idainee [Silectives of WSRGT = nonsurgical root canal Westnet) Provent adores sigs or eymplons Remove RC contnte ‘teas raciogrepic appearance of wel obtuse RC system Promote heaing andrpar of perradicuar tissues, Provnt ther breakdown paneer shes aaa Age ttre AP = pte aden “PAL case ney yb RCs Sua TE Klee 15; Mae {ita mcr aos we rece olor rt ead yes, en Hoh ers re ae see yAvOmT7Sen Best cocunented resus for canal econ are chamomecharical debierent with Ca(OMi2 for atleast tweek (Sogn 1881) Mechanica nstunentaionaehe (CBS) reduces bates by 100-1000 le. But nly 20-43% of eases chow conplata enti Bysbom 198; Byam & Sunceit 108) DO CAS enc add 0 5H NSO produces complete sifecon In 40-60% of cases (Bytom 1885) Do CAS wih0.5% NaOCl and ade one wook Ca(OH: ge compete dnecon fs 80-100% of cases (Bysom 1985; Siogren 1861) ams withthe Wane } Koons posltes carot be apple oestshlshing a bateral eign af AP (since poymicbial—Boumgerrr) [+ awa rigsos hot response conor eg: Steshen's PE slectn kneckou mice seal showed igraaed AP dv to Datei (bus ‘ages leukocytes abo miimize AP ia protecton agaist micogrlens; moles hos dofoeca regu he developer of AP) |. Whats the cia sigfcanc of noncatvale™ RC somple when ogarioms ca prose in <125? [> pletion: he "manta focused on what the clnilen can aecompish wh ctvent methods og. reduction lsupton a bec aspen). ‘ont provides goeral guidance for developing beta hrapeute methods, nd cannot red! cll sucess eaoss where immunocompetance ater. |» Ghen a ptmicrbia ecogy ant a cxesse-modvng hot capac, tis (pobebiy ove simpli o correlate one bug with given is | “Smsoms, [Reval Sunder (1982) Uses odes rato anaes &cancudod ta acter paling m rosie RC systems are norco, Sut Sppeat tobe aue fo forces such as ectogelcomrancalen, Snce pangs conocer, colina analyse bekween bugs and signe symptoms maybe enfounded if one bg is ore easly culvable fan ano, eT ST FAN GP, Sis PARL at man Spay reve a by Sao TaeTeN TAL -COaT Pig By Sa Wn To (end se wore) er Ti cadavers wih ays te 20 upper ors. Even though any eoaraDhs appeared roms, CoTee is say was pero sical hoalg efter NSRCT onced i ony 790 cases. Thus, adoapiesuices Joss cate wh halukgesl Sues Si Asie he Edney 24 Pa(seen, Wan, 107 Trae ava, (Canpared radograpte frdngs of NSRCT wo Renlagcal aml human cadaver: TH: afhe Gat yah normal adlaprapve ndings showed NO Intmmaton. 20% wah o normal prspx redographcaty showed hstoagc sgn of ntanenatien, Tne rece othe sty 0 nl ares wah see [Bynot in1967 who ound ingame nthe mary ofthe ety hahaa recelved rol cans ea [THe ead was dane to evaluatewosted endosont caven sd datrrna leaf auacess. S8.ATH oTROTE PA fat of susan. Te greta ene oft wo nerpete 0 beaut (but may aso be pote CAS) Fe TE FTO OH ores, rota 1070 (Earned 858 plane weal by underaduala Suen Hand rerureriaion wih ramers and Hedton! fos was paoraed EDTA and SR lstoramine-T wos used ta kgaton Lal condonslon wih gut orcha pos coated win KiowporkaN-O. Real ia perada resolucncies foro tose showes beter eo han tose wth rackiueencos, No iference in soacess bates vl ana nese pup, on tat th Hore {oe rng Adequate eal and th ala] iva ft rot ing ware sao car forthe sucesso. (eraemna ara [Retrcspeave sido Wot wth Waura ad lel Cow aNd NOETGNG pips. 6A had mifoorgaions esa 17 FEN IESTaTEEY [avian Hassolron sse6 [prosenes o's pre-operatie ison, ony 625% toch were doomed a suzzees. 212 flow va [Tet win papal aciousences hed ar heaing ates PN EGE wiht a esa ooh eng ato, OT. GW war judged SaCeSOTE, RS] TRadgraic oar TOTO epSSTonay Waste 2 esord wha prmanentrestanton_ The aul ofthe coronal restoaton was Saray | reat ante usiy ote endadonteveatmant for he presence of em peradoite [args Peta TRO JEsslogiptieevtiaion of reearpion of ZOE wale prea aried ins paola’ Wsuss, Te aa of Gaappearance cha ata Gat tern te presanea oe sbeance tradouscenleslors, type at ZOE sexer used, cburabon ectriue. no case ed ah frevese lesen develop [hes eater was euprestad. Endod mateol dot paver radgaphe opal radacortosone. [PSE MaRS: Shorten Comparison Peksute (1981) Compared postoperative pa alr siglo onc mulpewvist NSRCT, 1 shot = mtopt (bath had 16% pln wth pln at ta) |- Oct (1083 Compared 1 sto tomul-opptNSRCT (n=380). When pn ozcured postop, pial prossriod win th rt 24 hours hare wae ‘no difrence Sotwee | shot mut-apt fo vd ve neva ceses. Als, ne dfoance in heang at 18 months. ference hating wae ‘Sheard when compara ths gusty fe cturaton eagle visit rie est Teeth hat were overiled showed lees Hein tan hate lo 6 rjt shart of sage a + Roane, Drydon & Grimes (1962) Compared 1 stop te ast tep NSRCT (00) No diferences npn ferent atomic groupings or pul status (ocr v via) Pam ae ep wor abou ono. ol pin afer mul apptNSRCT ‘+ Munem ana Patenon (1392) sap NERCTs does not nreace postop pain ‘Square & Rooney (36: The ale sony supprts he poston tat top NSRCT fn scepatle method Yea an abscssed ooh. Oat 18 patients nad exacerbations sweting er pal allowing reser. €9% fs wih AAA wer contacted 2¢rs post NAT wih IND. and al ‘aperted no or reduced pan: Conpleteeeoluon of wel reson 2.7 Gays 38% selves year and al ware asymptamade and ‘Showed recogrohi srs of heaing, + arord Bazar (1898) eospcive sy: Flares: ep (4) <2step (8: <0). 120% congactve neste 8 2° mls with 1 stp fal 9% re-up ve 0-201 cogectve necro 2” molars bh Zoe (ned molaceylceat) had BN fave up (p< {enaaein comeaen ent 'Siap vs MultStap:Long-trm Compacon [+ Otet (18835: Compared 1 stop to mulrepet NSRCT (380), When pin occured postop, cay preceriod win he fee 24 hours; thre was ro itaronca batoon | sel ve mul-opt or fora ve neta eases, Aso ro dierence in hesing at 18 monte. Aroncoin healing was Sbserved won conperng ta ually a hs gotraon in single vealed foth, Teh that wore oer showed lsShoren $7 [+ Pekrubn (1986): Evahiaed faire with tstops(n=825 @ 4 yr). Tho overalfalure rato wat 5.2%. Moet ofthe faiures hed preening apical peroconbta 2% of hees had symtoms, Revostment cates has te highest ea of fur at 12%. Te ath ih step showed mes the {allure rate a those previculy opened or emergeny eset. The higher failure ates of those wath presenting with apial pelogontte |. Byerom & Sundvst (18e-Gnestpe do ot move bacterin necrotic ates. CX(OH)is the bestinerappl medicament sical baci. Simple mechanical debierent ih saline emoutlcant to remove al baci (alhough cous rcs tage by 100-1000) |= Shore (1607): Toet with negate baclaral euros proto fl haa 4% succes rate heron oot wi postive cies Nad G83 soos rt Also damonetsted st cov not ela oblain neat clues ar ut one spc. Cer have als epted a sy creas propos When cblurate coals win negate cute: Engatom (195) and Oi (105), | Fredman a Troe (1995 JO p86) n=378 eva Ketn-Endo foc NSRCT. Mapp NSRCTe vith Ca(OMJ modiaman tnd (26% 8 76% Den) tare tater sonasSnd ewe lures hen ones 618m low-up. + rope Ortavic 1099 JO): Randomized conical il evtting top v stp wih orwthout Ca(OH)2 wh tye folowp, CXOH)2 hed 74% heating > ep (4%; NS dference) > Zep wit no med (4 alg) + Ketabeadah & Troe (1906 JOE) Dog stay nfs tet wit AP wh mfolonevp: CRS to az 4S: tweak ‘ter Gm than stop wth LCRats. elves beer thon no NSRCT (= open cana = postive conta) + Weter,Ananvemar& Lest (1808 EDT}. Onestpe tended (p03) produce poorer healing tan malstps sing Ca(OH over 18 month orl. oes Goxrogssion anal frou cata rem Lost t (1065; 676) anal showed fat ul one-leps ended ip, Wo prosice Poorer Faalng than mult-tops ug Ca(OH2 ver 18 meth pois (OH med gave beter PA neaing [Studios eying year Racal Je ek (1907 Best rect ea one year. Ato rca anny fe nim of 4 year (esp in questionable cases) [Rd Areearen (1972) F PAR healed mt # year thon ok I: tic (106) “76% of ape! peedonis lslana devon post. are sean wihin year, Therefor, tr follow-up prs ong tern aoceee Fearn 108 Chapin Essential Endoconsiogy isa par saease ue silos For NSRCT: Ase potadonla succes ia formal petradeler tase (85-10%). NSACT Rexaf tooth wih AP = 85-84% hosing Fava Wan NSRET pata aah wil [ovPnFon! Orfavic” Rovowed 2? studs (rom Sinabory 1636 to Oxve 1066) 7% of sides demons lad> 10% reduction i succes [ora TR Prope eof PA (pT nea RHE GEER Dy COMPETEON © ANGE PAGES TES» Vb Dave kom TTT [lnesel Toei Wat wre Ty Tana, Bt Wad ea fhe Sop apex aa ang. ALSO: SEY a Bander TOES EBT fran Sad monkey std wi hang eve t'3 month over = prs’ nfenmaton ‘Sparen 000 [CRITICAL STUDY_Necois ti wihau AP Tava UEW aecese, fut nasote wih AP have only 65% cuentas. Gan eisceesDnecioe case wih lpelperaaonite are when fe auraton endewthin -2 mm of raiograple apex = 4%) under re en success (8% when ea > 2am or and overil areas succest 76%), reat tetn wth AP have low acess (62). Regul se stro Davi & Joseph (1671) iar "Sarena XT PRRLET rox come, actrit ecton is primary eause [Lin &Pascon (19%): Cheung (996), |. PooR PAST: (Comp 1679) P-pecoration; O-bluraon; Cover R-reotcanal misc; P-peredonal esas; A-anatia eth; Spl; T= |: Petites rerio fect (Nai 100‘agen 1057) raced eaaase whe Barora are preset ding Oburaton (HE vs BHR) tort (1082) nected donna ubuos ‘Osta (180) Efeccale& Srp argu grow 3004004m into dentinal ibs ae 14.21 days Enierococcus focal n 39% ated NSRCTe Molander 1908 i) 60% lsed eases poe by Sen (1897) ‘Aetnomyeoals real ound so case eps of ised NSRCT. Had tobe eiminaad by Sx Sung 198 O20) |. Poison! Extraraicuarnfectn, soe Seno review on POP for genera info and nes |; Nar (1s) Actress ierea Ale reported by Happonen (1985) 61% sarees consined actnomyees, 2% cntaad ararelea | Sogren (188) Proprenibacerum propnicam eka Arete popntca} [> weyran (1982) omluted 58 NERC fares in eso wth NO oral communication 98 had bug nin! (20% ha Bug in _lesion wh ‘ral eormunicaten). Smo (1900 rope of 6s aso having ulate buns |. Kero (100) tuna fected comanium. Also Torsad (109) reported baer aque ove pica ramen [> otand(13oy ect drial chips exressed no priapex. Aso reperioa by Yusut (1682) |+ oven body react (Na 1050). Smal partes of GP ate extrney tearm (jooren (1295) | cyte esp ru ests (alr 25, 1066 (org 100 [sucess afi combines wid eo axe 24% igen ardor aaTe ‘Speiaatv Ganeratst [Az oetined ONLY by radar, succes oT NIRCTe 69-01% (Granan F984 gl TSE cea Wale and 7TH (a Coen TER, Ecker ise) sparc side. The cine al areset optimal bby poddats o wel-supervced cuca, wheteas he epdesioge sles reeort gnets paces (from Eaioen Easel Enddonlgy 158), (Caan 1978 [fn arweaian) Tesi wih reser prevalence for alc ptadoTie wo max alta, ax plomalos and mand Wat ROI ‘Weer, Remar Konar ad Revened prado of sczats of NERCT Fa sasicalparspecne. Baad on mnt, poSaiiy of PARL heal afer NGRCT win Sr Leet E67 1 1958, losr-0s. Used Gaxrogcion asi fneaing than multiops vag Caf fra data fom Loat a (105, no) analysis showed thal onetape ane (9013) ross poorer 'Suales showing redueed succove of WSRCT with apiealpaiodonie N ‘uses 00 NePARLPARL 1 Maver & ie (1966) 91H ad 2a? 2 Arerlom,asssigron (1688) 08% bate os 8 Soren (860) ose ae are i Pan (198), coe co he NSRCT succor ale Tor neero Taha We] appears equivocal [Sri (1063) repre redueed aueces wah ocr soe Kerokes 6 Tronse (1070) ope same sess Stinderg (185) epot arened sues wah nero cases oceans of RT No PAR: 69-00% Pars Ser |soucas even & Hale 1988; Sjogren 1990 and Fridman 109 (= 5). J+ _besgenhote 1879 Scan JOR): Classic on e-b. Group beng re-b frpost nding att nes 6 tre ate“Ris (085 JOEY Cisse Raspes aay 1300 cases. Ge euccese TOR uncarain NGRGT Re-ibaia aasass Wan (TSN ve ST) Shon (1690) osx woth wh AB has 62% sense ate. Brags & Seat (1987 Re-spofrtle ovr ondo ex Cavidance basa” arly). bitch & Trop (198) Ro-biorferabs over encase Apease eo eT Aiea! Se 80% 4 Scure:Fearan's alsin Essential Endo, (ric itl meta-analysis approach) 1+ Darn Garner (1000 106} Retrospective sty intwo endo ofices(noncandemzes, ee): Succes Super EBA 96%: RM 1% and amazon re + Rubenstola& Kim (1009 JOE): CRITICAL: Using scope, lt ‘icra a 32m folowtap wi mean eaing of 72m eet ‘moto heal lstnuees mere found in 25% of th cao rics and Super EBA: nd cases (2/8 posta 13 snes 87% reciogopie restoration of ania Sra). 65% gran ad 15% cys wih no rene + Tester (000 1950): n=302speas (181 lst) wth ye fotowup standard adegrphs wth 2cbeerer BS complete nest with tran pe and cuper-£BA st 4. versus 66% completa Rosng for lary miceranaploco Wen amalgam. Sab feauced success on had oor ornoprr NSRCT (eee Dain blow) + Dann 1089 000}: endo sx nozrot cases winout any NSRCT. 50% moe-compete sucess at 1 (but usd bur and glass lonamar fo tendo s), Bu a of herecares had clvable bacon Canals. important point cases may show adegaphe success ter Sx even wth acini cana 1+ edo (1988 C00): defines sx succse as 1) absence of symptoms; 2) absence of weling, sinus tac, ns of fection 3) elographic ‘evidence of haing: 4) consnued norma tunetening of he toth. Summared qelos of nial oo-end leg malta: Necompelaay, ‘pea! seutly anc handing chreconeica 1 Bigge Scot (1697); Rete ie prferabe ver endo sx Ceidence base” ansivel), zo, Moieeviuen & Trope 1098. 1 Lint t006 3) Discuesoe poral cutage. Remove fr vey. NEED NOT REVOVE ALL GRANULATION TISSUE FOR HEALING TO TAKE PLACE! oieivich& Troe (988 O00}: x shoud not be considered primary when ners ee or evan SCT fof io} canbe done ALSO: Ogre & Seo 1667) mela sais I | Swceees Taare Relplanaton is Grossman (1962 7o¥e sucess a yr 2 Kater (1080) sre sucess ': Bender 4 Rossman (1005) 61% sues | Koons (188 a=192 Keep ou of socket Sin, do nat ouch ok Keep cet mini! sping _dumshe & Gumenn(Compendism 695) rvs cna gudainss ‘Suceas wih Separated harass + Sindor (1858) found 19% higher niece ore wih separate insures Grum & Nain (1970) No torece fale ate wi sparse Ievumarts, Location of nstunent le inporant 1 Tamge& Kat (1987 eu}: Proposed ung separated esto cburate a canal, Covsier his ony ater acer ecnigies have been evakated asimposstiepane naa [eth wit negative Batol cokes por fi had Ii sucsese rats wheres oth wih poatvecafureshad 69% sueoee ate (= 00)_ Ao [Semacetatad that ea ot rally obtain nega culture frat one app (on 40% caeee wore non culvabl or bape) Inf healing cas, Iaetnomyees was toand in the RC systems, Stuy was on soot cals nih yr flowap. Men! mporart pln The suena at of NSRCT i 205 Ean TT vance of apical pardons nereases wih a. Saaqarre {CLASSIC Apical pardons canary bo Glacind Tah wh bala prevantn canal oylans. Neots bul aie Vaumatzed ah have no ar lo PARL. incortest pect an nfacled teh showed PARLs. Aco, probably pan hereaced wit # acl spacs (esp en 'sugoosl fboteral norm 6 Inport vrtnce face. [History and Rationale aceon Gree wih peorning some of ie feat NGRCT (etaraied wih gl ne US (eo Daria Cosmos) Pree Discssad use of elgrapy a pavarring NSRCT and evaatng Sisaa= Taare [reduc ecient cals wit a Tosi SURE peTGRs TSG 65 WET Hs Haas oh DOPE Tlng Nee OTs TOT CAL [ramen TAT Fa adcated contrarian faerie te Walle of canal Ho al Gtorined HEIGIaly, a op was posse ath ool apo aynay 180 is ng, ator ofered te ral conchalons: 1) degonsralveproceass acid Tot ena do rl aways dene earacion, 2] many lee, par romp tas lace afr reatnen! ae slays heath fr years and) eo canal tosment il oly sucoeed when the procter fing to nda mais Sdond win he ti aces valved, [aise POP 1900 ny Blain Wel erdadoniepacioe waa Bogun ih TO2B {53 th ANE wes formed in Cen 1863 te ADA racgezed endodontic a apace of det. Kae Kross ccsine m 104 ‘Wie Roentgen iscoverd xrays andi 1096 the fst dnl apparatus was bul by Rips Hal patted (1647) gua paren a cna Mg mato (nas namog Hale Sepp), Emer Jasper n 1890 ceceed lhe Ue of ser pos ‘The rubber dam was fst uses in 1862 an 20 yous ate he est st of etaners were bom Bownan and Aten in (873 developed the he nite dam frcen6 Coat 1070 noduced NBO endodentes Nygors-Oshy 1087 oaiced EDTA lo Erode Hermann 1990s inasoced C3{OH|? as inbaeanalmedeamen fo nero aah(Rees Dion OST regard atl and Palo needa hTbIG. Te mor Devos tal when ho no Oe pp Rae Bean CRSTayad, NnST DS MIBSIO ovo lend norco prevent efor Taclero to ing stil mst sore my conc wh te suroundng va aoe Te fing mata ust be lolertes byte teaoe(oocompaies Th aubers ase concdedihsthoiom bes welenackrales by te body ana therfore rox aa can not sees sor othe apex = noon ibe” thar =e aa tha the by canola an unered canal” D'SPROVED BY. Tomek (187) [GLASSIC" ispoved the low tbe thro wih raring sare halow needles sr eens muna asus Yesonee [Focal Infection & Systemic Responses to Oral Infection wae 100 “Tosa he GEST Tin OTT a Te TTT (Ory Brose BY WO” Nara TORY Fan Tae (Zonas of Flah= cay attempt to oprove Tosa iteation theory Ie" Zoneofinecten temas! zone whi necrotic pd conti acto canta of abscess) |. Zine et contrat (cok dessin is evident abscess wal; existe) |. Zono ofits (conan ontaccst and Nate grenoratos 2) |. Zone of stration (eneseulaton) |concuson -aten wool + bugs ipletadinogunes pi manos 4-40 dys, Infect rmalnes localized egarsss the duration or viene of Ine oan Used PE Salsin ost mice (P/E Rae nck ling asin of PRE avd ACRE eTGCRaTUNT Saw dgnealy Rove PA bone GOST (1898 rmuneaogy_lintos, Thus, phegooytc eckoets PMNs andor macrophages) oie! agaist bcterel doce PA bos desuctonn mouse model of AP (SarsauTfoo man Foose mech for rl Baca (aga a uancn det sies oT eciSnUPS ely From fl ig] dow gual E-aaCnaapeaHon [reset ncotnsimn. Get eausionnlaukocy apes at alan shee etecion Te selec miiton by Daca LPS coud ana he rlaive Iabctintanmaton and pan sesorines wih pvodofl pockets and rot cane tat hafbr large numbers of tact" quo rom Bergman, bow) [Proposed tat bis ea poste mechaniam of oa ifecton Haase rad planted wo camibos sein the RL Nan: oe coated Ecol adel eae Teco) andthe her contained star [inhale (ora econ model) or ShanvSham. Chore ansraton of Pg delayed te time tor 50% recon, deughing) of Es chambers (25 vo doy). potty tn reverse was nt tue, Ec net cela te or 9 rect). Thus, fl Mlreogansins may aller infcon at tant tes Psst aunt Danau machanam of slein auspressan [arr TOOT rae BETEE IEpidnvciog way welch ComeneaaspasvecOraafonbalwean erOUSA HTSHETS ane Te dance of he. “Talos ew ancome gordi ie ale untested paral hoc” Nara cent lendodertops [The concopt focal infections bull ud fe patioiogial eods oT baci, However, The aifcance of Bie Popeen we weakened bythe |atseweton hat bactoronsis found in haat palertsuncerpeing eine tomtrwehingoHosing wihaut avers ots [se lo: Eaumgane 77; [Root Canal AnatomyVeruca Te" ‘zt 196363) rarinod 2400 ast 22-00 avo have trl carale fightin 2 promalare ana WB canals of aC ONR) 'Succen narowing of RC sytem on adogrphi exami gaed nleaton Seana biureston iplomaar 62% TypolV (canals), 18% Type (2-1 canal), (6% have 2 canals at apes) zPremoar ‘46% Type I(t canal, 22% Type 4 canals), 1% TypelV (cara) ‘olor MB 4536 Type (0 anal 37% Type I(t canals), [1% have Zeal tapes) (anal Toi Type (4 cana), 22% Type (1-2 canals) tater 75% Type (1 cara) 18 Type I (1-2 sana) ‘egnve "ex Foe tt cana ‘eremoie 708 Type (1 cna) 2u'Premcar 20% Type (tcana, * {25 Type (1 carl) 22% Type (1-24 cance) 438 Type lV (2 cant) ‘*Wtar: Diets! 70% Typo {t canal, 15 Typo (2-1 canoe), 8% Typo V (1-2 sana) Rationale or hatamontng 0: in Sha o he TRIOGTOBRIE ap Kats (1988) Examined apices of exractod tnt stance fom DC: to raograpic apex 0.5mm (young ps) to 0.6mm (ldo is. Buren & len (172) ound spel eraman 0.59 mm short of adogrophie pox ‘omee & Lire (1968) opel foramen wee postoned Gm onthe poe oot Stein Corman (1890) und apa fren 0.72 rn shat of eoprapNe apex and wh of CD «0.8mm BUT Gan &Viuslan (1099 105) cused apical canal lamatr max" rola. At 2mm om apex, alta syst ore 6% csr and 30% ‘vcs rogarse of ag. At 2m fom apex MB yslmsafe 500% fat, sbben, tor shaped) and 20% ova (to eo cut ge oft Intrestngy 08 syste 30-50 creer Probl shat sCBS fo Net caral stm fr fe ong melon coud per in narow amersion dung Inetumention Pub PA Pattooay Susis: + Fiat, Wilco 8 Johnson (1906): SEM of tees wt varying external spiel et resorton (n= 40). Ape! espn: pupa necrose> norms lp reerable pupils orineversblepulpas. Tea wth propia leans has slgliary more apical resort than five whet ‘adgephialy evden propia lens. Therefor, he sats of he pulp and petplcal estas shoud be corded when determining length {or preparation ane eturatn rank (1990) Ako repre hs ding (racket tne show more api tesrpon} ‘roped Chnion (1064) propete thet CD et oxemen very hn somo case, absent) ~ exposing mineralzad dont tthe osopive clastic oie, J Slesten (1960): Cutomes study: Best sucess or necrotic cases wth apis pants are when he ctution ends wie O2 am of fadogrphi apex (=) unde areas utceae (0% when fled» rm om ape) ane vee ae ess evecsshd (70%). |. Dave & Joseph (1974) Claase Teeth tat were fly nsrumeriog, bt Med stort othe aegrph spex ad best hein. ALSO: Salter & Bender i089 25 (aman an mney sy wth hening el a3 monte ver = persistent itraton) |- cue! 10581): Rovio arte an 00 cose roport sales. Conde thal bet etl sto oburaa at apical consticlon wich ranges 02mm shot of edopreshic apex [+ Beran & Dowson (174) This astogrphle study pacas he ncdene of 2 canals in andlor at 41%, gnerly merging inthe apt fron. The valves ighorthan Vote uty (= 1.22%),[Vora (084 TOTO 1 canal and T62PH Zcanae [= Mauger, Sehindlor 8 War (198) Determine ti pretence of wo canes sd an itu a mansbulat incisors. A ets was presetin 20% ‘tthe cath he trem ve 30% 2m, an 85% Stren. The with easements nets tan! aia pep Sze endl» 29 4abige most mandinclsr. An istwrus may make teu o deve wh ery wsments lone who the ik ot poration rosa Nolo that Benjamin & Dowson (1874) poled 4vsIredenceo2 canal, bute ussd’ fee snd i secon o oak ates |. Neyeshaa (197) evaluated 1.085 mand inSaere and recommended £40 MAP. S59 singe canals wih 8 forsnnawihin Iv reduce chan cesar sxrusian dua eld etn ne anaibaar WoaTe 1" Gooke & Cox (1978: Mandible 2 8.3" molars can have "shape 8% of ene. MB jin D cana canbe dicta debe and shape. {‘Smere & Somdel 1871: When te masa tot of mand +! more conan 2 cana, they are 40% Wemneype(2 canal, oan} and 60% iat pel cana? foramina) When he distal rot contains 2 canals (29% othe ota they can be ated s Weine ype G03 ane ian ye 40% of he ue + Varios (1084) Mela 12% Type (1 cant, 28 Type Il (1.2.1 canal) 9% Typ V (2 casi) Vere (198) 1" Nelo: Distl_—_70% Type I(T ean, 18H Type (2-1 cana), 8 Type V (1-2 ena) {ea (1906 JOE}: Reporte 7 can! mand et maar HBY82, M182, D8. DDL Ured CalON Sealer er B canals del age apical openings to asiny Premios 1 Gams & Shamor (1973): Met ingorant pon: 86% max 1 promcar have 2 canals. Max ts premelrs showed ve diterent meroaic atogores of combination fers, carla, ard forarina: (W222 (87%). 122 (8k 124 (2M A.B) and 3.89 OH). Remember IGoktor weer ItD wath at CEas a proctor ofa canal romclr. 1 Venuea (1084) Max 1 Promolar eos nave 2 canal tape (Bellz (1985): 90% have 2 canale {Vertes (1084) Max 2nd Premalar Ec nave canal at spex (Bellen! (186) S0% hove ? canal + rls Pete 1905 Max Moa: enc of nd ea nM elt a 2nd ar 6 nd hs cna ge 1 2m tngualto he NE cana 1+ Giles Reade (1990: Found 90% Max 1" moar have ME2 and 70% max" mas. ML cana enithe root an average of 2m short of he ‘nator apr in ft molars and | 6mm in ecard mola. ‘+ Fog! ana Palket 1094): Examined 208 Mex" molar MS rt 20% Type (1 canal, 39% Type I (2 ean), 3% Typ il (12-1 cant) THEREORE 71% OF MAX 1 MOLARS HAVE TREATABLE U2 This au tplte adores tetwesn Whe (3s iden of M82: CLASSIC: 1080 sty) and Kul & Peters (5% when sectoned etn 1080 sha) '+ Bone & Moule (198) The eid shows thatthe pital roo of ha nila mol should vay be setume to curve. 85% of examin plata tools Gepayed curtura> 10%, We neod to bear islam when patontang ret cal eapy sn when cteating es! space, rival & Bole OE pv ninco canal casos (asossod by past obrab Tin) ie much ower an ws anaonical Sula Far eagle, max T™ la Oy 0% had 4 canal syste obtrated, [Secor a05 705) {Gant Harwor & Galina canca sore opar naaang Wa WET was ound wi nioscopis pam Ass) ake seeeas nave PANO, lnttrgaa Uso cones messy inclines MBS To est or MEME? communica, pace paper porn ME and welch ul leet in MB. Usual (ound 2 mez tlie cnnecing M1 to pals caal Eva 7.275 ook anal BH local curaluro ound nhs ea Wid Te SOL. Faria tie Wha Saal WS ee OnE[aso i a Va EIT Sha concn sorting a Glance S173 ra Proves can sou canvas ante adiogRPh ahaa TOT is ivssipalonderansiais tal he rally ial aes havea igh ondoey To acetals (BER). and ie auld ba vl he Inesenes of ture. a Walon 38 ung Bass owned bth romeo Tal pu amber Corte eT ew 7 [Reaves eanical aps oer canal oc Gg access apo erhanca Sai Soto an, Ba Paou —|Tfapurpoe ose was darn, redngrapweay, he WeiGence paler acess cals he coer and dee rs Oe os oF were friar. em tis sta 395 of a the leds ha seeosory canis (65% rk and 63% ran), therfore, one shu nl aes al Weal loins 6 of sell ology Catired by Buch (1074) who repertd tht 78 of mols have acossery cans athe ean area rapa A Ee TS [Peo Sr Gar RS OX TGeNES OT Canale [7 TOOTH ER ROTTS (Dental Anomalies ‘Sabla, Banenat, Nea 004 indy dard fa alabve Tac Bai] Rep sara Brenton, Cape fated vOOG) OF We BET unos or abovart lions 60:28 wor bist. Aberatoneeccrng lors han 15 of he in were 90% bialara Hf dra aberaons ae presen vouble {an maybe waged cute evelaton of th contra toh Desai inane (Demat ee a Tels ppor the hype hal sphopanoas of vaghalad ooh ocars ss an acive splay arecedpraaation of aralGass ora 6 ol ‘etardatn ote ne ene! opel, hough my one cco was ceen to havea poseblecennecienSeweon be pu an alien fle etupion fs wea of Gong natn tna become aw solvers baci us” coud Oca [Rann STE "Review" Done agai do oiling Saris papa Garg devclaprant_ NOK oninawn, buco ndloge ow prose tha ach bacag rama omen, estan, Vous, sen a re tooth gorms. Cisal seas dep lig of enmel and deh ma exter dep oh oot. et (953) proposed daslicten ype enanlined ner frm: Type lt enamel nec form that Inve ost ats nd sa Type Il Invades ret and Ios 2eraman opening. 1 masters etn ‘peg anaped bates. Frequery resus up acrl NSRCT act duo comgion lnstony. Ft deecbo by Plouat 1764 na whales tot. The Sealants apped fo fees, NOC deccrbed by Hove 1077, C&S aout [consider CajoH}2, US Moe, mrmoplost20% GP), ane HVEDT (Gan apart Dane vegeian (Dan GES) Type ATTA” Conad NGRCT [oF N CA BG TS Tw OP REE WG ‘elon rare Bene 1005 [Descibed NSRGT hed mend maar isan, SBR Fang, Freismen 1687 Ta ealagaes for cao secon al ane vapio’ Calogory A — fo pao, Vated by prophyacie masa lodhg sing wit compose (caegory ~pobosie presen, rqurng pulps erapaiie lennon Clea canidraiens nae uncon sd eal of agile oat ot est eae st sana bey. res eas maybe ot anda ean pra Wie secon, un ey ay Se Anta Ciet tendo itemie veion 2 Page 10Renan tore ragaus a cerenal anomaly of premelr ial wha vporedneance of DW aren ia coun and aaa nay peop ol Incor¥e 174 IMangolos acest. Is composes of onal and dont, ih 3 pupal extoncion ro at maybe dolectd odogrphcaly. nv eave 2 yer ch Irinne weman was agrasca wit iatrl done evagnatss wih aaasaed portage imlvemerteacondary fo pupal necrosis. Ey rcogeie ih lopronate therapy con proven lee hase otherwise naa lath Apexogeness shou beth il sen flowed by rao canal tray | Pipa 1570 |i cups arctod bya cmp he open arena Fo te cn aaa oa GIG ARG HEE, Naval rsogropis aoH luce, ename dein nd pulp esue, Ah jancion ef te cusps te Inga uae of te Pel, tore 3 dveepmenial oO, wich ries singe riche to haror bacars, Recommended thal popvanc estaions bs paced hese coset (cooke, CorTOTe |S shaped canal contguaon. Radiograph shawa ta ras clos epatar wih one sala ead 00k Upon aeons somal pup chanbar win wo lcanascorered inthe burcolngealdrecion wos fone Cesring and shaping. Afndingin a3 casey was erste morro oe pln ot frstumertaion They taleve that shapes ste mposabe to dx rom radiagraph. Phrarly mand 2 lar, though Boge and Schindler 1988 have ed shape mand Terrell: Vang 8 Varg (1968) reported thal Ghinace have 49% inden tC shaped eas may rela [Canal Preparation: Access, Isolation, Instrumentation Tar Tastumentng OTe shart a he velagraphle apa ‘uaholoina Suis: 1 Kote (888) (050 young) 1 0.65 (0) 2 Burch awn (6725 OSS {Siem & Corcoran (880): 0.72mm —wichof CO 0.18 44 Tamas & Liner (988) 080mm ‘+ BUT. Gani Vila (1990 JOE): tuts apes canal ameter nmax * malar AL "apes; laa eylams are GO cura 30% ‘vol egress of age. Arm for apex. MB systems are 20-00% fat, Hobo, tar shePed) end 2% ova (0 Geer cu age et Interesingly, OB systems 050 crear: rotlom that CASI at cana system for tha lang denon, cou prin navow sensi (Bu PA Patton Sts: {= Neluey Wilcox. Jehnon (109) SEN of tosh win varying edemal apical et resorption o= 40. Apia esreon: pupal necrosis > nomal lp reverse pups or reverie pups Tea wih perapcal eins had signify moe apis resorpton than hoae wihow fadigrapcaly even partpcal less. Thereore, he sas ofthe pulp and pia fesves shou be conitered when determining length for preperation and obwraton. 1+ Frank (1880 Aso reported sang, eco teeth tnd show more pia resrton. ‘Top a Chivn (888) pepo that CD at tramen is vary in soe cass, absent) - exposing mineralized centn ote resorpve cite cot, ‘outcome Suaes: ‘= Slaten (1860): Outcomes sty: Bes success for bn casas wth apical pron are when he obturation ends ihn 02 em of radgraphic ape (=f) under ateless success 8% whan filed > rh fom apex) and ves ae ss success (70%). + Bees Seven ance ant to canoe, Conese sob apa consen WEN anges 52m Shot of alogaphic spas ‘Sin Ants Gide hen Lie woe? Page[lana Garann RAT calbed Ggvecony Givefe:sxjpel ver elaoronurg) wih raver bovel Thala lion: Dena margin neds To be Si above Til Dine i spare for 2m seus Sep want to preserve Aen zone of llches ging [rare Fe TORE ed ae oral & Cv To 0 akg FO Isms Senior Seed Canale Giana CaIcTaa Canale J+ Wicox 8 Wtlon (1989): Pup chamber isin canter of cow {Gurmare: Uso long shark #2 rune: cect onflens with aarp DG-18 endo explored. inal stom-vnag motion wth #8 Pain CS (Ken) ‘Shoe thas si short (MUCH bot han IT) "+ (1983) Remove cara ge nar ofcs| ERO Prep (Premier Dot Proats)| ‘Stamos (185) fac use of US fle to galn access an fe cad cana; ano remove ayo pales packing RC aytam Schinder (80): canal bypass eleatn, ten C&S & cbtrate to lovel of caloiston aceon recal fr potial Sk ‘Gyonce = 1036 caearco pars in gical ion Labe Fascias ao avalos V2 cape (ientla Golan Mastume" LD Caulk) ‘Wein (1970) Ree customize fas by cting tan om #10 miske #2 However. cuting end vs pt.) EndoZ but gfe andes cubis br fo enange seas (LD Caulk) Nal (1986); Descibod use of US es fo bypass seperated instruments n canals isn (1878): Descted ppg = ollcaton = anspor o apical prion of th carl (9 railing a cures cans) The apical foramen becomes tar-copped shaped duet excessive cating o! he oul potion of cured caal tl ip aed ir peton of curved cal st more ‘eral orion of hele. Corsi stration wih warm themoplostszed GP tefl is uneven prepare caval sysar Use Slap theeo ase rea cotaine Ca(OH Ke Fi Som TOE “Talrincramente aa move aay Wan ogre Powe Sion ar Wane ‘908 [i cxparson oe ef modi ai nenmoeaa RELI Tp on SN CAAT configuration, J Ends, 1886 12295-500, Wala rene, Gora ‘oes [ aarcapton oT Cnr We ay, Sia 1050 | T scion of Canal Masi PRI... me par. BO aan 0 Sones Dr (Contan 20% erase HS ce ging 19, 17,7225, 35,47, 60,77, TOD aeaE) ing 987 Jo TA andar sn enor acheive ig realy Sand WANT Bnd ng atoale, Or Surg Oi Med Oral Patel, (OST TAH.OT ‘Sha Baurgarnar 197 od ard Pron wor aio a ha in pd ep Ws carved canal barat os Rand oe (Prue, Cement, Camas ‘ar (Sac Tague etn tickt-taniam endbdontstamants_ NT namimaris Faure wn tha ase ini andwiout any sigs ot pews lpamenent dstrton. Relator sujocs NT to beth ane and compressive ces the oes oto canal cuvat Ihs podueoe a vey ast UC tag Taare [SS geaTeT G FAEate DIN aen alog he anon a (SEW Sag is PNY FOIE tue) Ta CS Bais a aT Faoie toe ia cn rund opt 150250 dental als. Cava by San T005) uns row 150um ao us, ore & ou Oagher 1088 adteeat plea propre io 0.70.5 mm lrgor than cgi sie (and width of Coie een 010mm (Stn & [Coven 1990), Renner (Ghamarscharieay debided RC estas of SE human toi and ef ur oHuaiod 2 yeas. Riographie eam showed aignicanldeeoase im JPARLS ie C&S-inetuatd and GAS-cburatod ttn Thus feoct ol ube theory er treakdown of eave hdinducng PAloslen. (Shea pot lout het even taugh Cas proaucod slgneart radiographic hetng of AP, beter healing wes observed in C&S-cbuatod group. Aso opodaa by 188, Wale, snd oters (se Koval) Sande Fa 857 [ama aunt a emmalionandlosaized bone nea oasis wih Ge overeiesion Fie eating Up are reponse fares, apa and partratons (ota Tp an Stine cing resin). Tse conan wih aay by Pawel |senon (1988) whe showed hl FloeR produced aes Wanspofaton regardess used Sloncos oto or opbace 8 Saba Te (AGW rein oT ai ha greater cance of eparaon Wan COW reition. Confmedby Seta & Ranngon Ta68 [apex Lacstors ‘Su (1942) repre hat POL an ore mucosa have constant chic eastenes of ~6.5 KOS ‘Stnoca (1652) Clee! Appad Sua oa to devoop an apex lols (id sie = rosane (ex: NeoSono,Formaton ‘New generation = al equenoy (ex: Root 2X Endex) agains (1980) Root Zxhas 2% acurey #0. (nudes tet wh trl rarna) ‘Dunlap Rasenenberper (1907 JO} Rect 2x Leo noah screed for extraction emerges and verti pesiten. 2.2% scourstto (rm falealconteon. an dance Fem apis contston wae 0.2 rm nial cates an Aen n noc cases (NS ference). Found (982), Apex ocala kon pla wth pacemaker eventhough Rock 2X manual say nto use ton pe wh pasomskars) ‘Beach & ile (1608): Case rport of using spor oer on ap wih 8 pacemaker Fuss (1650): Osserbas use of Apax Lect oat proaions Iria £999 JOE) Preaing cnals pets WU ls foreach asic! orn mows eons wih Root. ‘ima 657 Monta he banat of unsere are di Yo Scout Beaming rar han cava. 7 a TOUTE asp RSS NSO EE RIG DRT TE OSS SC OE SHO HOTS PTV, PTO, 'Svopiaeacs nk 7008 TOE \fs~2 phasat Austria (= mainfaced sala) and Wartansto, Te sity to oye Gotucon ace io ose do o Nii havi open of Ispeelsty and shape memory. Phase Warsiton occurs wh fap sess n fle Chertre,Us ata constr speed), Fes ste weakest uring phase] iran sod have highest probly of fs ths tne aa TOO TOE i dy wih tapered lel cal ha ado cantare Gerenee, atu Wa Gaceace. Taper of les wat aso Signin Glenn ur te (creased arma = decrees tn), 5 taper wil ctr cooner than 2 fer. aon 878 apatng preparation permits baterGabiGt a apical preparation, reduces Sve Wireriatio 6h oven and Wipovey SOY to COS Sn Aura We dan earae ene? Poe 0‘ASG, Fann | CST! GSS BAIGINTIS TG, DST CSG aT TOY TWatansy DONA TO7aE | Stpsbaak Telansopis Teahnigue) Deternine WL & devel as stop to #26 Slopboct by shrtening 30,35, «On. 04 of 2mm intents Recaptvato win #25, 1 Geral are wih #2 89 Gate Glidden ‘Soar JOE 1087 Slap Down echne. Passively use #18 20,25 Hedstrom in coronal 25 of onal sete: gat Etabish Land propre apleal sat wsh tnd sora fing “The crown-down pressureless technique (Morgan & Morigemory JOE 1894s sito ho Stop Dow: oat aight fl ic frm ares {malercequanco unl reacn ter. Coreal fare wit GG. Estate provisenal WL smn stor of apoe Rolle cvaght fe wie at WL. Fish, plea prep at WL wih le 2 ses agra fs oto reach, ‘Reara ESabals 1055 | Balanced force technique (us Fla tos (oye Uso Broach) o Faria non-cing St ps of Wangalr a) OE 2 Use Grow Down io eco ety access {Rotate sight te Gt 0080" wh igh apical proseuo to engage 1 Shose dontn ny 120" COW rlaton with apes fre, xing to ean to canal cunt ‘Centnao url got adoquate apa argemens at WL napeat es egueny do ht go beyond aS curved canals Fava TOSIOE Double ared teehee 2 Bassey uss largecral fle in coronal 28 f canal system: gate 1 Efabien WL win emal Ks. Saf lo propre apical stop and an stp back to end wth corona top-down Rare Chemo fe wih maser K fle "Train TET OOO | Pasave Hapback cing 1 Exoblen canal patency wih smal Kt at WL ten passvty sremant wt xgark tes Coronal Rare win 92,3 an possibly #4 Gin corel 13 Cont WL (lee oral re and removal of crvaures often recs WL) Ines statins acces wth cael rework vn 1 Seria eo prepare ala! to and han coo back to bend with corona step don fe Wis apd Wallon TOBB_| Sued accesso tare: OB wie sghly Sono Buse groove, Ras sa acco pop coal, and nol AR Inaramentton ard —[astamenttin and Removal of Bsetrs [Removal of Bugs |e Byavom & Sunagvst (1561: One steps do not remove betas necrote cases, Ca(OH is te best inter eppt meccement oi esau aco, Simple mechanical dobemet wth soa snaffle to remove ai beads (though fdas reduce bugs ty O21 000 fod),Baron Somaya aT (ston & Tope Se Sigua 00 ‘ation and Trops 1000 JOE): r=18 MB canals af mand nocralc molars wth apes potodole AP dtd ae PARL] wer ound be unFomay] lfoced [00% of eth vin AP had GFUsin MB canal silat 08% of Suni (1076) and 90% of Orta 196"). WT rly Pro) = SS ‘es (tep-bad fr reduong OFU (eae Frgator). Sow progressive decreacan CFUs wih progressive sampang uring ig wih argo Ns, Tegardles of Nor SS. Stages hat x approach lot een wih AP may req ato arco meacure han st Fsburentaton igo ad asepe ecru (e, ier appt Cal") State (1050) lvcied 35 mand premolars wth. foscale; NT rot2y & saline rigatlon (Profle G6, GT reduces 94-084 bugs: Larger fle Sos oa grater reduton of bugs Gut ony looked up 6240) Tntracanal Irigants and Medicaments Tatected Danna Tobules ret 90 Esta Tafectea Dana Taba Pere (1053): Srp sau row 476um lo dann! ible by 25 days 1 Orstevk (1000 EDT}: Etaocas& Svepsanguls row 300-400 ns slabs of Bovine dentinal tubues ater 44-2 dy layer ayes, utd pot prover. antimicrobial eecs ef medeatons, + Sen 100g tugs grow upto 150um in alas 2 Love (1909): bags grow 150.204 nt dona! bles 1 Esl (1900 J0€) Co(OH|2 donated NO anircobial eft t 2, 5&7 days egos, oor, Sauron inecod dentine! blues {sugges ertinerobial etectvence su to coneanatonc (Or an neo expose) + Thm Yared & Sau Dapher 1954 advocate pial preparation to 03-05 mm tanger han eins (and width of CDS fen 0:19 (Stein & Goresvan 190), Howover, rambo’ Gan (1988 J0e) repr on ana shape -9b0n} and uentaon Presence of «sme WHOCT Byatom 35 Darcenge 9 WHOCT 2 and & Sith (1878): 5.25% NeOCIhas supe sue dissolving pope {Hartson & Hard tutng NeOCIcen reduc aniniobial eectvonase 2 Bjtrom & Sunset (1805; Antncrobil elevenass of .5% NZOCI = 5% NBO. 15% EDTA enhanced he etoctieness + Darcargle (1909) 08% = 1% = 2.5% = 8% NaOCl for anbmcroblal efectveness (1 seins in oocas; nfo erebes-anerbes, Iicaeroles, olgateanacbes). MPORTANT POINT Bas hen use at eat TO min corac ie ‘+ Etech & Murphy (1977 JOB) Vapors of 5 25% MSOC! have song annicrabia actly {Cunningham & ogeph (1980; 26% NaOCl is more eflecv In atm ston at 37. ‘Sena & Maro (1975 GP cones slrized 3 chase by # min mmarion m 525% NSO, Also reported by Frank & Pati 1963, Sigua (158 EDT) 5% NaOCl desvoyes Baca evi spores fom GP cones within tin oinmarson Reo & Messer'80 sinc 31 Beckor& Cohen 74 1 fan Messer (1989 EDT): ng tem paresthesia ll present a months) ater ijecton 1% NeOCL th, buccal prt of a maxilay nie {Galt (1881 JOE}: long term paresthesia can oocur Wits NeOOLinecton {Becker & Cohen (874 000 J NSO" rected beyond apex PAI Tx wih teres and contin or ay {Recommendations for Sf Gushin,POPY long acing LA, Amox 5 days, alge, Sora cod corres, EDTRE NAOT EDTRENGOCT Beungatrar 7 1 EDTArenoves smear layer, but des nol rave cigar debs: Baursrtner 1867; Garberglo 1994 Yamada 8s, 1 NaOCL's antbactoral and removes rari db, bl doesnt rmove mea layer: Sh 670, Sena 1971; Baumgartner 1087 Margeos 7 {Alors EDTA and NEOCL ofecvel removes sean, tse, perth ns efeaes anmisedia actly Baumgartner 987; Golan {abe Byerom 199s; Yatsze& Beumgener fos + Yamada (1903 JOE} The most efferv way to romove organ dinornic component of emeat ayer Onl 17% EDTA and then Om 325% NOC! = ait 1000108) both EDTA & NaOCl to maximally remove Ca[OH)2 dessin om cana systemPatarson (053) EDTA swag ns acon 1 Margelos (187 JOEY Co(Oi2 ohn canals can scoters eoting ofthe, FTIR epacoscropy esas hat Ca evoke pi into bre end ganar metal wh fee eugona nia st prosuclEOTA wae best agent fo rmove RC syetome sai CxO Srear Layer et ler wae mora portant tha he ype of busin used Speen vs aera condensation ) Evansa.Simon'2s [> Evane & Seren (1980) Procence or absence of amo lyer docs nt affect miraleskape (ye loakage sty eve oth 2 condenston of GF encore 37 ‘Sud Gotu sytem. Te se sess mock more mgorantinconelin esoge! ‘Sian 95 Madson & Krol (1984) Presence or absence o rsa yer Joes ne mak diference fy eakage [2 Tatede (1990) YA laser can remove soa layer [2 Fetter (188) Removal of smecr layers facates fio of Ca(OH kl acti (Bytom OH my is bale) [- ukmann (192) Showes enchenced adspaton of hmoplastaed GP int dra tubs witout mae aye [> Taylor Jeansenne (1007): Coronal leakage curulavely redueed by remova a mare, Ut of AN28 and etal compaction. Confred by Eeonemis 1000) he showed tat mitteakage AN2® was reduced by eax maa lye bt that eoval dnt Improve 63°95, _biy Rothe 807}. ALSO Oy Glickman (196 ed SEM Av & Le + smear ayer J+ Craig & Harison (108) Cit ai (50% X 2 min; pH) tof rsecod ret onde romovosamoa layer, expose colagen and enhances Trgalon and Weedie Sua Location 4am (1877 000): Elective gation rogues apal preparation. Roc pop size ct #40 to get eecve debvery of gents 1 Salzgver& Bran (1877): Ingo roazos apex fin canal sysams are opted oe sie 40 1 Aboures (1902) The cer the nese tobe apex Ie beter benign (, needle dons nat rigate mach past he bevel p) CaO COR ap 7 Bysvom & Sunda! (106; 1085) is anteirdal System 8-85 {Sear 1961-Cx(2 apps for dayesarénated Dac in cana sytoms - ven pt $ woos aor (Bytom 1985 looks at ene month of Shogen ot {3} 017% saber oom Cas+ and OM, toques atta day to exert foe Seti + Sut a Neos (1059) CX(Or naetvalos LPS vivo A ropoted by. Bartel & rope 197 (Es) Trope 9 4S Mecenmik (7908) Oseeciaste cl (osteclsts & PAN) prefer act. The high pH of Ca(OH) anlagonzes tht acton Nosser 33 {oer (1008) Remeva! of smear ayers octatscusion of Ca(OH2t kl bac (Bator: OH molt i bacteria) Favao {Segura 1987) Ca(OH2innats macrophage sherane (ray conrbut to CafoM}2 nen of respon) 1 Estela (1995):ancresa acon se fo OF {1 Sgurdeon (1802) Len spirals mst eflccbve laemniges of caring CalOH) towering ena ‘+ Nonveh& Masser (1883) Evaluated dental pH afer Ca{OH)2 dressing. Inor den pH rapid inreses by OH afusion (peaks 1 day). bt tahoe 23 west topaakn oder denn. Peak pH “010 wih conieal Senn posing seo apcal dor ‘+ Hasselgren, Olsson & Cock (1968): CaOH2 compat dclve potine muscle oe ene. CalOHI? plus NaOCl QUCKLY less muscle ayo siealysgnisant whan das CatSr2cuntarana median and ten fee cl vith NaOC. ot sen ver 20min pao by Morgan $n Cares 1994). To cont Morgen & Cares, Yang, Rivet, Wat 188) ahowed hal rar-apt NaO! + CalOH2 does nt enhance obioment + Fava 8 Saunders (1989 IE): Reviewed CalOK2 past fomulaSons and ndicason, Vee ageous, eco, oly) lays important ein ‘Gasokton Knees. Ep. Calsept 2% Ca(OH + usable n egie doeng fomatons Ceti erng® toe (= StCl6) Leareenne'8 [> Jeansonne & Who (1904: Anumcrbial propertes of 20% clomhoxsine gluconate» 5.25% NAO [reratingjad'93 ‘Dhara & Torbinolad (1669 EDT) Chlothendne ofectve alec apart sane of sneobes.[Taine 1000 Ey Cretan efecive don nveiod win, anvale fe cherhox= NAO tin? [arth & kind (8rDenty Y087) China glean can gle ns economy aes lo educe Nore 4% inmedilly ard 78% even Unde Bar 10 dayl? oct on harostags& hosing? Tok, crating consider fer munacomprorcad pls? Lesnar 8 ‘hte (1997 408} rracanaehaminesleshows soba. | Undsog & Blom 1008 EDT): Nenkay su: nteced supe, exact, cape comantum, Invacana ppcaton of homens (10% sala fo) ‘Signcant recice idarmstorresepon ve conro. |. Leona (109) 24 chaohesine ha gos anmirebi setly. Culred RCsyetame (522 ners wih AP) wih 2 ae igant. Sa imate vagcton of bag in canal ih tual elects in RG eytam upto 4h art rez & Cardona 1060 [EDTA sang since hs ofan reduced dung Goaton. ical, We means Wat Feud ralaca EDTA Gung Gham an a aarp [EDTA ecient ony she peros otire Meese ‘CGP ares aba OR fa focivencas (ave agent = prasoropena) inal Zatr Wareaver CHOP clear bctora From aay 7% oF RE Stems, compres lo 97% ceranco by f month tah CHON2 (Bytom 1805). Thus, CNP is nol ure a lseans modieson Tsing T055 ‘ralsied ire of spronsln eaniaace and niojelne eK acim in nfedad hora denn Paap none and RTSCTRG POPE Onder Sir anerobe conions. Nano ofthe ages eed 100% when gen lone; Butte combo wae 00% eecve, Propoced ae pose nacona ‘detectant Wi een by Sato (192) in inletes RC sytem, MaxGoadeon Stashonko 1089 0 oma. valle cian improgaledNSats ae HFSCSTa MICE, ATOR Aber was eHSCve WWD AGRA TT GATS ora Gaye Zone GP Ino ragod tem 10"100mm love-otersion Excess GP beyond apical foman, BUT. no impcaton ofa 0 obturation ‘Rata Serbo 1657 ‘Dog say wirotsogicalyrndueod PA iedone gol mont hela oven whist Oba wif Cadowaronaiing h cara yaar Thus, can gat healing oven wher carte ae st ct. HOWEVER - Contax wil Sagres 1007 wha showed in umare hat prognoes ie eauced i bacot ae presen! af ro of eburaton + Allse & Wat (108): Less kage cca I he spreader reaches win tie fhe apex. Tugback fhe mate cone i NOT » good pret Hartwell & Garson (199) Found wise varisions among tiger sreaders an sceanaryGP canes. Ilan Joos Mt grab another secotery ‘Bang & Wton (1989) Th hand sprasder (011) cad mote root tortion and vertical then the 8 finger spreaders, Reo maybe dey after obturation, Conimed by Lrchrakam & Messer (80) ‘oven & West (196) Ni spreadre prods less stoss ding obturation han SS spreaders (NT dtu sress verge sea), May ily ices tok overteal et rare dunn cbturaton, 1+ erry & Runyr: NIT sores core penaiate carved canal oscar groatr depth than SS eproadere ‘pele Glickman (1006; sc us of NT hger spreaders mapcacompardon and SS eprosdar for caena 2 minimize busking of NT spreaders),{cP = ong canals (23mm, Mure) (GP Properties: ‘Agha phase i natural fom (1 4-pelyscprane = deduce othe thane we} ide by Jose EAmside, phas anion o bee phase at “7G. Example inside Thorn, Secess, Apa Phase, Ut ‘+ iystalne terms ae alpha slow cong, ati) and beta fst cotg) ‘Spangberg (1060 Guta paren has ow teu tony. Bul~ REMEMBER that hi is 6 npr o patie sz small OP paces ao exromely Infarmatory= Sear 1005 Eur J Or Sc Kolo (1862) Store GP in etnigeratr and at ow humiy CGP inbeta phase wl srk ater warm coroacton evi, his is tonal for contrues vera compacon pressure ‘Moore & Gane (1862 000) GP cones aslay sow alg (and wesk) ut sllicantantimizod scum (nay be dues 200) CGolman & Senide (1995 CP hema sue ben to ala pha at 46-46 and GP in ha aso to amorphous phe 856620. A art ‘ume reaveon occur when coon to 370. (gobo sue vrtealy condense), ‘Constituents of GP Cone: 0°75% ZnO er: antral 0.22% SP core mata |-17% Heavy etal eats ~ racopaly (69, Bara este) {sth worse mate mre compa ee oan (GP = tonsicomerotoprone (= poy rans 4soprene) Ia comes fe ros "beta made by heating alpha >E5C ond slow cooing Sanaa TOE TOS ideas affcveanlicobialacy. to hat GP cone criln~T0% ZO, 00% GP and ec, wanae & natal eates The roar corer Fstckines” to dentin, reduce 2n0 coublly and exer antmicrenal ofecs. Th sting et ZOE fonre Zn crea Ina max of ae euperelat n 1077 dosed congestion of cones Tho cling ont in commartal GP is errosn (arian 1093) eaten (T3SA) ITcot GP cone wh scisor, Keaves a ange tat Wares wi placomeni. To eno Sage, co al GF balwesn spate ad las alah ar use cal wih Soe lace (GP Sawant (GP Soar “Temee “Tames (1986): GP Salen: coffee sene >> Endoseh-E> ange turpone Hes 90. curs & Hk (1000) Revi use of halettano os atamatre GP sovent (McDonea 9e McDonald Vir (1982) Measured oom a ccrotom ov dng endo. Ar srglos wo beow OSHA ii (Bhi Tt=2 ppm) (eran, ‘hut (888): The amount of chiortom,talaane x y/ne eng tr apical ramen dung we re 7.000-15,000 tes below ‘ioe? 00 permissble tle dese Fossen 29 eager (1905): Ure solvent to sofen corona 12 of overextended GP, et Hedstrom, let GP st had then sow witron GP Metcoer 5 ‘Stames (198): Dorel sont get pact epex Pain Fotsten (1000 OF cistern halothane & alee: sofened dentin & enamel chorfom softened denn by 29% afr tin) ‘ng & Petes (1822 JOE)- Chloroform dp tacnique shows #43 sankage Gn cones, ccoperch shows *24% shag) \Wicox (1987 & 1980 JOE} Examined RC wal after hat, les, chloro, US for Rots 801 y= AHZ6. A ecriqus incompletely leaned Wale, 128 more ct erove an ROHS \Groscman's Sealer [x2%e 20 = er, aramiroia ‘Se Aoi Oso tenets 2 Pe 8[2 Sibel eines Boy, coberancs, 9003 ating ie {48 Barus Subeatonate-aconrtea sting tne [1s Berum sults redopecty te Bors retards sting me |EUGENOL -matix(2n0-sunenise), anni, n-PLAZ, neuomodulaior (capsaicin conganer) \wny ue sesor? [ining agent for RC cae fing materia [Fis vos and dsctepances in canal was oa 9 ‘Shah 7 ‘oun (RoW Sealer Bown Jackson &Skimor (1854): Aical sal wth Rts 81 sealer bei than Kota cel & rat (193) Rots sealer has eter antimicrobial acy s Sealapex& CRS (CA{OH)2 conan sealers. Probably de oeugano. Inv evaluation using Steptococeus anges |» Ansukacer & Saundor (108) in vito anthocioria atty against anorbos: Rohs > Saolopex [> Shae (1007) Rane ered 7eayantmirobll sty agains E accel (Kese En was et 9 ged) [2 Grossman (1976; Roth's 801 ite stvnkace when sts tates. enum sutate 10.0% ‘Talon douse 5 Erostearte 1% ‘Riss iB: ATE PLUS see Laysuean JOE) Eons ‘Stor Powder: 0% Bismuth Sno: 0 Herametylonenitanine 20% “Ttaium Oste ai 100% Bsphanokyciyl ober “Toabnaae& Baan ise Ts Kb Toman oF ayes Ryperaensiy Yo Gea ea arasthesia Afar Obarton IsaocLieatin ‘Ree & Mesa (1989 EDT} lang em pastas (et present 1m) ali Heese 96 NOL tu bes pert of a manly neeor {Gatt (185" OE} Jong tem presen conocer wth NsOCLinocson| _facommendaton forts NaOCL Induces peostoss (hon Gish, PO):iony ating LA Amox XS day, sages, Sti, col omoreses ‘Shrine te Eden nse ven Pe 18Hess 1906: LA induce parestasia (asp, Procave, arcane) esp mand blocks ‘Waker (1068 EDT): Sergont: pail yssthoolaof the AN ator uso of partomndstyde peste ‘ard (1988): cae rept of N2 rues parecthaa Tame (1862 108}; Cae ope parethonia ater AMZ overt Nizan &Stabot (1883 JOE), 5 cases of preainesa eer AZ ove 1 ovr wh ZOE sealer bu ro paresthesia Lajrausan (1998 JOE). AR26 cttoesy due to release of omakode frm the opoay ree, Noten vith AHZE Ps, {Cuan & Kk (1968 000} 20 seatere wo waratd by PA tasues ALSO: Augeborge & Por (1990) ‘Serpe {1968} Model of postebiuraton presto etd rat slate eordng of compound acto pte, S0% nen oucured a CRCS (Goran: Calor conan eel, Selapex (02 ine Ca{OH)z conan toa) NZ uniora (4 rn: conan paraermedehyse), IMPORTANTLY: Afr ting, Sealapex recovered faxes (6 mn than GRCS (Ssh or NZ (Bran). Sor to Kaxnon "977 wea verted uganeinhtted rg stat cv. '+ Moree (1907: 2 cases reports of parestnesia str NSRCT. Case 1: coropercha ove fv ayetomsiicor 2.5yr:then PARL increased and ‘Suelo, pai and paestenla develope, resaved aft Sx removal aieton. Case Formocresolpuptomy,raeseta sarod t 1 ¢3. fecal shar? week of coxarethacans(0.75ne #4 Sta then apr ares and wigan. CC #1 = bur. paehd numbshe sansalon, CC enna ree retest Glaser (1087 int JOS): um tp moet conn fst of meatal CA. Als reported by Selden 1608 who found metatntc ‘Sarcoma as PARL on man mol tr covelope partes "= Dumas 1906) tigerina sorcary nesta. Sencar eaurbance ie ious sign. MOA = CNS metasatenoopacia (esp mer>60), mpl Soroas_ Oren rapa once 50% epar pa, ftrentl of symptoms Incldes ostende pln 1+ nim (1072) Ifestonvelai paestecs: 2 care reports of mand melas necate & PAB paresthesia resobed by NSRCT (oar & Groen TZ [svar pais evoved hr afad cases haw GvOion POULT av ar aU HTH WG & Gos, Covresan We WRAREG By Bang, HASTA lcfomin he canes atcbtraion. Hower, hs was chalorges by Kerafes& owe (1982) who found coreslan prosucls on sees siver cone sees unich wer st ao posorls [Sonat araro 7S [SP Sones Sea A SRA By 1 HSIN SSH NOC AD Vp Uy ROE Pa TO [5 NSOCTaestojed Bocus subs spore Fam GP cones waa Trin Sines Nassar "wei ore (redora rache Toca) rng San: Thermal = war VTi = WESTERN (WeSC) = AT [GP as tar sea an aver pare Economia &Woisae — nara reponse wih cesar was est wih CRCS < Seslapax < Rae, AH ZB (HIG had rete narnaton) {axhason 7000 JOE [Ar ctacy amo recase of txmaenyde Tom te epay ean. Tha NOT Wisaaed To te Taw Terman (© AVE Ps), wii owed —] loner eyo, and no genotovy (unt test or mutagricy (Ames a)Taare ae "Sirs RS OT (aS WHO GHEE TOV Wo, A (ow wal THOTT GH CONUS TORO Wen GOH TAN Har NSACT For O78 ad oped es Hil cash whore hela cal Da conolaa by Svaing 74mm shot ae wand wes Seu ose ase duno concune ot romoining Sacer: Roca Se 160 eat shut sucess a retocase ar al aap alen iSoRTA TWICE Ws rT a ard aa an nd asa LA Gotan 03] Showed enhance [danaton af unaopatczed GPs dra ula waka emear lye ni aaa owen = Sargon -no rubber dam noses cess notated, RCTIeat samara spe cet hari (at CES), oppo ion, ty pancho {otsep Nisin oaas bolita wollte Pasar 47h paroralehye, ue oes ilo = Govisr Newson (989) danonetate sheets ovr ony f Sargent pat n mony reser {Rowen (1800) Derontted brary eyctony of Sargent peste Seer te onatye craig krmatir pn fest ee aco, Shes he prerhye inN tbe ‘tetbe, ust tromove Sargent malo sess bayon a ar 660 case repr th induce press, {hare EDT pan sine othe AN aor use of prtomlasyde pat (Sargent) {Sere (108 40): Hoos of sostteton pret: oe rl sat ecarng of compound acon olan. Sok inion occured RES (8 min: CaO cotarng sea), Setar (2 re CANT contating sae) eel (icons parslomedshyae) IPORTANTLY. Ate sing, Satan revered ats fc) hr ORS SS] NZ) nae TOTS ASIC: Eas praca ave apnea a Geta chip ARGV Gone HS RPO, nd SEY CTT TOPS (ahonl fr ant dontnal cng fo poverr al) Foard aE Tg eal ca nace poral Walon. Rosa ae Ste (00) sy los HRTERS TREE TO GW SST HSE a nm shot 70h i) Facer aT [Svar rT eas nds a aig yeaa. Reval Holand (TRO) and Saran (TWO eo av on HAT aon wd aT RS ya abe dap endanger [ApexeonTRGTET Bre fence leaoenz Fran 1800) Frank (1056; Osserbas peta enioe wih Ca(OH? roe i972 ‘Grok 725 Taner noth wh neers omos epee With CofOH2. GoLOS; acceso aca closure foe (197) [2 Som (iis es}: Cavs partmane 2° mer th ean apical exo mspten CS an twits CalON) for 24 mon fr apetoaton {owe by Cota {sar (1% EDT: =t9 spect wy Ca(OH) mantis Coeur = ty Lg PARLS Nad mor ars ‘Woteneol Heke (1057 JOE} Oye sty soning al oes 2m of Ca[Ohzto cel stop and reveneshge ura FPR nications JA ndetens or MTA: pron rep ncaa, pestetonrotnd ing pulp capng Sn Ao Ge te Eons Larsen Pe[Shabatang & Tobie 8 HToratnead & chan Semwate Weker ‘rensad Woes (Rater T [> Shabaneng & Torii 695) lec nature dog eet NTA caved wih essing gon ing Lx plugged gear 0 wih ‘pat sar (99%) vs odteogens potent (40%) and GxOH]2 (0%). + Trabinejod & Chivan (1098; Dosrbed cnc! incatons ag ecniqus fr using NTA Inlaid or pulp capping (Ptlor 196), apical bari {ater 1 CalOH}2 norte cares close wet ctw oxo Ah ater ook pee oot ons Eling (veer carr Sen RA Carer, {Ghee ort rae sx se afr pacing MTA) office py seat 1+ Face Swart il Waheor (000 JADA) Cace ropa of MTA for verte! root uth pot). apexes, pert ap, and rapa finema feeorpton lotr Mates denn chine ED denn bone} + Tercaa (1078). CLASSIC Evauate perradelrtesue response to antral chgsin monkay. Showod Ite response and actualy saw omentum depeelion (tonea for ue of dein! chip ta prevent ove) |. Yorn (198 JOE} Dog stat: Holga eval oF FO akognie cent power & ue bone ceramic (incinerated bovine bone) both acoptbla as {pic baie corte wth. C) OM = TRAP acy (arate essa sis pas), mortar for creclats Katbzodon &Trope (1082 JOE): Apeeaton cases on hav arrow roots and may easly, Developed stengtenng technique using lterel fen bondod composts (sear ost fr pelymerzalon and rmoval orm enadeston Gargaie Orban W067 (Temporary and Final Restorations ial ih he denon am te eat le aves bone obs spies stachment (1m) ithe aaa nd des the onnatveTeave ssahmart (Tam) ana age 1077 Tecnu of Garay o Vaca Tal causos Tos of ooh svture ao blow The aveaar cel sugar Secon sould nae aman ofS rm aT toot snctre above the avant crest 0 that he Blopea! Wid canbe festalished lo revel is inpiogernent sing retratv pocadates. gers (198) can aesomplsh wih thosonse exon & stun lenge Andereon'06 + Anderson & Powel (1986) Cal snd TERN provided beter sal than IRM. Aco reported by Baroater 1000. Deiko7e + Riera (a7: Gt convoed oes oat, sta, he ase nda, puny axl, vce se, ‘Cunningham 92 DDeveeux (1809): Bacto eokage sty (S,sanguls) Covi bets than TERY 81M ‘Weber & Det (197 To preven losage, Gavi mate at set 3S tc Haris (1976: Reported cn 245 cases of per repa wih Cav 89% sucess: ned 16 seal Inmet. Shit & Cunniogham (1992) Recommended sal canal oices with im Catt pot walking leach, (Sinan TOR Tal cae elon OST ay Wh To use ZOE Wale SECO rape wage TT Sianay sy ram fda ediees ta eet of matealo OH othe egal vl_Za of GertnConpeed Daca pal apo a axe waka Fear Te Lagi alow up of 1,000 sonnets Geaatatad at 1 Became Tas ean aE SHIT pacer ly reduce cpa siineas by cel 6ass prep eduead snes by DSL and OD prep hich deoye marpe OO, Sesala 5 essa o52_| Eno ow rol mee risa wis Too andow & Gian 985 | Daronatted hat s RCT oan coud have fice oa mash oes pased on bale pak protective sanzon formation when chewng i reds isk facie camparedTo vial oo, THE: pulp may prove sane Poa Tropo'8s 7 ron (185): argues tat post space preparation weakens he tooth. AE compost nant eth stengthnad the mora an placing a post Nayar Wattn'c0 | 2 Neyyar& Walon (880: 4r suey (400) deroetaing suocces of amalgam core with exonion hte coronal 24 rm fro cana spon, Steet 38, ‘Theta atl allamotve over poet. Ts lenge can be Improved by use of amalgam boncing apois (4 META) suchas Amalgambond Sleangonne 98 (Part pe) (Cooly 1991 tes + Stockton 1088207}: Recta posts ar na longer mandatory for restoring endo eal. Alama Ince esibonded cows, Problems tomon a ineoe plete pel, cost, ler + Baan Jesnsonne & Saka (1850 ln vito cna incor poss & composi cor: carton posts (C-Pot had no ot acres ve paral pos (Gots; ParaPon sr tapered pote (0%: PO poss) +t (1680) Examined B82 rots wen about SD conanng posts. PARL wer present on 16% of eth wh posts and 18% tot witout posts {therfore posts donot compromise peredarhaaing) However pose win enly erm GP remenng nave pear lence of pea! Pdontie. Nos alee arm of GP. ‘Bourgeois & Lamon (1861 NS erence in apical leakage inmedie vs deyod post rope using ether ZOE or ANZ6 sear 1 Klor Fab 1960108): Thaium costs have sar adedensty as GP, bus afc oot on radiograph. ts Look for salgones coronal RC ‘sjstorsightcaralalargonea! at post P neon, sit ecco gap Between pos! GP, sua ptr of post o, sealed des) ‘+ Kurer (19771 The pay function ofa pet to rotan the carnal tetraton, 1 ‘Stndlo 1078): For pot een thesded>eerled > aroch ed (arate ‘apred). The ange the ost he ges th etenon (chou boat last ha nelght ofthe crow or Sm misma) + Georg & Mveningot (1983): Recommend pot be 2 rol on wah nium of 10-Smmin lng. Recommends partie ed and erenied (at serned). Gustin 195 proposed iat poat ben anger than #15 tenes ca Mah Gaz & Nols (1978) Posts o not stengten tot Dicey & Hare (1082) Cat lakage stay Should not propare post space rat oes ono week Naticen (1984); Leave 6 rn of GP when mating post space. Neagle (1909) rcorimandskavng Arm of GP Hada & Vstaon (1980) Reosmmend remove GP rt not meiument. GC burs tend “pul Gard may np eal eal. Convey, ‘ven & Hanngion (168 showed GG bre removal of GP ined afer curso avoids the lekage pclem + Betcha & Pasty (1896 Both SS & carbon pst when comented wir ennnding spel (CAB Melabone or Panava-21) ext as leakage tan fen coments onor-entn boning cements (nPOS oF slats onomer) + Than Nemts (198) Eagenal om RET sal trees wth pat bonding cements fo. Panaia EX), {Scart & Wale (1808) sugeet contain soar (Rett) dd not tar for rer-ovgnol saaor (AH) fr pot tenon comortod by ether Penola 21 or2nPOM, For both ssl, 20s was baker than Panavin 21 (Sen Sonn res) + Sorenson & rine (1696 Clea sty verel oot race sw conan fare mode for Beaded opted poste 1 Funato (1999 EDT): rapa vrial rete roves postr, Sond now pos and oot sograntsegeter wih Supeong (-METANNA. "T8Bres). Shows resuces BARL. BUT. ony € month flonup + Sorenson & Marthe (1084 Arar tet do toque post ard crown, But premolars end eles roqur cpa protectionPerforation, Resorption, Procedural Accidents, Re-TXs, Post Removal Part Repare ee Prognoi dependent upon time st, loca eave to stchrn, esa of pair mater Roe {Tetons (at bet peg orpr ptm ape ree Caron who = aie 1 Re6s 00s routs ae mie wine ban adogage ig setae nea ts nal ttt Grace +o proms nal matics nora pl gat ama as noy cn tyrone Lamon 142 feral Sas SOS Eady Coin Para ee Slag ocabos eds REA Sabry ea Mee 197) ep 4 atk opr pl ih Ca. 8% cn sl nly ws us, : . MUA ns. Teint (190) MTA god pes. A: Po! & Tasted showed MTA god rac pate fens tortnsiad | (Get nore (es JOE) MA sap magom rf pot pars Srunatrer®® | heat Sung (ee JOtaIA seer ax amaperprverg sage ol Frc gat cal ed pas + Sisatcetss ars eta wr trcnicon tare scpacenes fy feta a a 8) etree HATA Sete conmn ue kane bas Somes tom tts ee ine sy and See epten STAT ‘tay tas whe pia Gneaa snr an lorax sds —_— Zu E sats GaP ra esy on pr mpl nr sagan, tsuneo Linear ses ton Ss {lank 8 eo (13) Decorbod Ca(OH lope opt dus tontoral romp, Bu Hel (185) domonctatd in dogs tol CafOM}2 caused sthoatetonaie «Bipot (87 Ey cae pe nd ON ot ras ria saad parson wn EBA 1 PERSUeSntoo tty cient tpt coped POL Deter sprain ope dabtzatn wh eth we Exe mun pete torch UC wis Seterar Coe Teaapeim or ioboree + ty pel (051.05) Une pdr pte en nh eat th a alga SOT aT PER A PORE, Sopa OT cna natin | «Roo Ge sos cues fos abe ams 1 Gla nea (efor Aserate a cara net actnean ae depends gente clon the en he orden lien 73 Seniyat ana yane wierera ae Gi 60 ete ecko Ras tobi psk Biren 1 Gltac cer ser temorer (tree pot i suo" tap te a ower ein Some {Wes cui 57 asst teas “cn regan py aac pact hrs clo hig ats ton 80 {Keto someon (6) Maroon a no topes tn etre condones. Can tere share ‘Sex fs esnips pe rmnsenor’ ono ant «et 0) Ngan rece toto es ip ae scared post potenti ter. Ky Pht fen nao (Str rnd rsa Pp Carter Bure Sa rach rs US eos «Shetty ulema Gren Porson 5 siete iseay Guess Can arte rode oemore ot 1 TSiotsn stay eon rseiioooe Pannen te tn Felaman & Solomon 1078) Deseroes use Treghan bu, feeroptce sn holow needles to remove separtd insruments fom th canal+ For Wary (186) rvawe caus’ ogan cal cbsicon and retiovar Sataien Role-Groere (183) Describes tne use 014 cantar wen a 25 needle o mats awe oop oretiave intents 1 Sproge& Geltesan (1600) Bee way to use ao Beroce (Brass) wi atleast man oveap, sh 5 min cyanoacyale et 1 Sir (1208) Use assoc 9 create 12mm eoave sun maument or siver pos). Pace 219 bing verlnctumer®, ae Hedsom no ‘ube and engage nsgamant wih CH rl. Pullen hanae fhe Hesse ‘+ Witeme & Bjomdal (1857 Roe use Naseerann thin lo 12 pot lengh and then use ulrsonle iatn i or Oe 10 min to remave + aro (1009: Charon tet fected removal of plastieTharmot caren 18.20 aces 1 Betzer & o'connor (1008 JOE Mer Can Jee sharp bev! on hypoderac need fo alge canal openngs Gave Table of peels guage #scomoepandng Wo SO sia, Can Berd wih cyanoseyte a retive fea ee + Betrand (1907 JOE} Hand les wih orton cn tetove Mot blurt, 1 Metzger (1898 JOEY deszried removal of oveextondes GP cana by cael engagement wth Hedstom fe ‘Removal of Trecatil Voksen 78) + Mlle! work down obturator as fr 28 posse with smal es end chcrforn, And ten inst #200125 Profle. apr at 2.000 RPM sn ‘owe her and hepatulywihrow fe obturtr + onsla 1083} Chottonn geay tacated removal f plastic Trermol carers in 180 20 cases 2 Gansiser using Gtk metodo trang Hedstom los 1 Wolo, Himel& ics (1868 JOE p76a) Used System B HeatSource (sir thn chiortom). Use heaod System 8 uggor (2250) to nse 10+ {srw for sec. Tan not B60 and #36 Tes on 8 & Les of Thr obluraor wil GP fest Mermoplastezed). Apply Trt apt [Hessu and OW ran, erove es and carer agar (80 caret molng poh of ual care =3000) Ba 17, ‘ns Tec oh CaO wer pling ordre mins ome renron are & Mack 76 Trenatsa'06| Cotetan se Schwa & wor 9 Tatenal and Beard Resor arinar & Mack (1976 JOE}, Classic Di di of nt vs Ext: rer: sharp margins, can no sered inst oon, eyes, unilo densy, oes move on shit she. xtrak: regular args, can sea cana ules, oeymmatca vel raiocensil, moves Ons shot ‘Tronatad (188 EDT Inernalreserpon marisined by Rac coronal sie oh oon Frank (1961): Dastibes tne oxtora-nteral progressive rescrpre lesan. Neodt comely ate, debe & se. Matason a Ghelston (1883): t wi x of etamalreserplon doe lo otra Ca(O2 i sepped respon and rey. Calstan (1097 EDT; Revoued 28 cates of ema reompon,>G0% sucoeas wih nn petoratng esomtan sina tw of Ca(OH)? fotowed by single cone LC wh CRS sealer resort space filed wih hetmopastze GP for emalgam nso Case). Ineaas only 25% oes in rating nm resort sas ‘+ Wedentorg (1085 EDT} smal esorionassodaled wih pulpal infanmaton andthe presence infctod RC syioms 1 Engand (1977 JOE} Roc use of Ca(OH)2- Baum sufalo poston cans to Vauote wae al exon has efrstod fo Sarwar, Bi Water (180 JADA} Cate ropa NTA or era 0 (wth po pen, oop o epa oa resorpion +r ror reserson caused by trauma, poradcuarifammaton, oro, beacig [Fania Toabiand 090 Desc SAracaral aie TEEORIGR REGO appearancn sar ral esr, wal 6A, WNL percusten Dx Tg EQ aa of reson speraes fom cana syst Tx depen ons of ein [corral ve ms ve sea 13s). Pain, Endo Emergencies, Flare-ups ora naay 1067 [Teeth th denial ypersnsivty have grealer cneiy and GanoioroTubueSgu TOS [Huan payehophyaal sin io A Get Rts an Tete Contne by anata pey copa ay Ee 106 987 uses var Fuld maven Ue ad 6 causes SNARE IN VOOR, We aA espa TO id composts tan vod Coral hyporsaTalihy_Conimad by ransom IRDA, Roa by Novienval & Branton BaD anay Ee Rewel TOTO [Dina a nave eas pulps Concioad Thal pln upon warhg nao ea maybe da To plo comBreSTON (eran war EDT [Saxe repre spoianaous obbing la max pranoar iva uppe ovtal ace Te Fora paral area. NSRCT Gol esa pan RUnaging levesiad sus urinate nypareophy and hany metstl on foo of sus, Final pula waa sites cheonc hint. Oxf eto [mutipi stony Retered pn TEBE JORIS [aca ato an Rater SHS aE STG on Pah 7% Tancon TOD incanal applzaton af ail (a) and dexamatiocona (4 rg] wore Baar anaigstcs Than po a Tah Keiombac ako> pos aN, OT [nsrfen ns efor om pb, Ne4a ps wih vil eases NSACT CAS. Pain By VAS. "ir Emphysera {Shove (1957) ropored 13 cases oar emphysema {loro (1884) Ar singe in oot cara can caure amohyeeme. 1 rent Ate (1990) In 1992 ADA re using ete eahaue dios when removing bane or tah ctr divng 1 Elazor &Eeazor (1006): A possure pid to cane's may produce ompyeem. Esp whon stumentolarge ln, Sopke stings duced 10% of pressure saan wn te syge. [ea eT ‘Denunzo (188 JOE) Clea st: ark sggestsnracanal uso of pla ical ane paces wi es (tps fie sian 20% Bonzoane) ‘Buckioy& Clancio (1984 Paro an wih 2 iso wth 100,000 et had about wee as much Boadase a fap bh 2% Lido wh 5000 pl Conast is stu to Bou Dagher (1097) (ifort ouloame measures anastasia ve leo os) |. Bou Deane &Yeres (067) Compares sage of anashel: 2% Lio wih 15000 = 2% Lido wth 100000 = 2% Lido wah 120,00 ep Contest tis study Buel 1984 (Difleetoulcors measures: anceneia ve bod les). |. Dunsly& Moore (1988) Duratonefezccane was the sara ashe duration of bulacan {vented & Rosenberg (1075): Pressures the hay for appl anesthesia. + Campbel 8 Meu (1879) Homers sym (5p cereal Block) LA no pteygemancbuar space ino steal ropharyngeal pate no Sanger space 1+ Sied & Weng (1962: Most common se eet of max nerve blocks = 38% dopa. {Dryden 1883): Case report: Gom-Gates hjecton = wtching, uma, doa, posi. Duelo retograde flow io cavemaus sus. Resshved 20 Frommer & Moe (1072) Moar sensallon ae AN could be duet sezarate oramanfr nyltyold neve (eosin 30% opin ‘Weir & Deeg (196) Exrara rac block: 80% elev ad sale eotschor & Maton (196): PSA lacs 88% max 1 malar. Ga ade 8% locked wih mel ineaon {nor 1978 (000): Can get rebound foc (reactive hyper} en beod few aernocon wih vsoconsticirs 'stabidentincton: ‘Paran 4 Wole (1956: Stabident effective a aunt n 69% pen pn ster acess pop (aerIAN or maxon mjctens). Ssbdert was ‘more sicessts in marie emule [OV 67% ote) LA 2% tao wir 100k 9 Si Ato Oise Baboniiewee ven ae 36[Renal & Reade (700) Sibidantwraceaeove ioc 2s Ugo with T1G0 000 ool mereaead Rar alo GT a pla Wil an TORSO ftomne2 to opm [pot Injection: | Kim (198) Propose that POL injclon works by vasoconstton of lod ow and three, should ony be tad fr endo & erat nt to be ead for alten for estos eaten |. Pactiay (1985; POL an inracoteausnjecton wih slgrilcant CV etfs. Confirmed by Watton (188) [2 _Watn's Gamick (682) POL ijeston doesnot harm te gamer, cts notsigament icon Regtes backpressure Eki Dine Ber aoa 0 om eUERd aT bas than daropam Sng o bo end pales. Con by Kasinan,Warroaves& Dionne (165) (Fiat Deane 8 aT resne86ort areal Keutean 8¢PO0 Setered ean een & Eee 91 ‘rnnan'87 ‘Scart & Cohen V2 ‘Share Neropathie Pain [bamac 2 ISouresson’95 [estan Bo @-90 Pap tb reduced poston wah ALSO, PUpRClony lone Lees aTOn pan (are Strole Eoctive? ‘2 Glassman & Kiss (1889 000) Lg dose of dex (12mg po) nil ssymetomatie cate are bet than pb for educng post pr ain {Ghanen& in (1667): Corsore on poper poms wtl cae eduoed pah far duce baci a paper Pant) 'e Deve & an (197) Picea (14,-sortzane on pulp aa oune im ver & ney. Pharracontic show absorption fem pup Fava (1866) Nan tovn win AA Compared racana! Ca[OH|2 ve saute of hydocortsone-plymyaneonyci (Otuspore). Caled et 48h" NS aerence a(n ib group and no VAS essesoment, ‘+ Rogers & Jetson (1999 JOE} lnrecaalapleaton of worl (ng) a dexamethasone (04mg) wer beter analgesics han boat 12h Ketooie also> plo at 2¢h, Oral bupote ne ret om plo. N48 ps wi val ces NSA CBS. Pan by VAS, + Kaman 1884 JOS) nealgametary eecion of slam-slaate matyiprecnelone eerie reducing porto pin {Krasnor & Jackson (1988 000 p67): ancozes pt ot (80 rl Sox» to or esiing postondo pain {Maral (gee oe & 1905 108) ijectable debater an pi br reduengpostendo pal. No ecenceoireaazedntctons, fever, Must be 1+ Moskow 1984 000} rtacaral sere rducos pan. Sut used vial aves {Gaistn JOE 1998 242A): ataoeseous ctor of Depodhodo| (tml = 4a) eg requead pln in krversbe pute fs Raeh &elDeeb (1991) Musce tigger pint eared to ooh ard mimicked endo imslverent | (1966) Muze tigger point eared to 500 and mimicked and nvlvenent {Brhnan 1587 OCHA) Mi 10% Ml case have poi refamed fo mandible Gand (1965 JADA). Coroner isufeney refering to mente Batchelder (1987) |. Schwert & Cohen 1982 OCNAY snus, Nae exo pose endo-ata yrs (Seen 1998) {Sharav (1904 neute dental pain canbe refered te oppose eh on samo sie (oy, Lat Max = Lat and) Inawonatic Pain 179.000} tiene sensory nauropaty. Sensory ssbancefominaus gn, MOA = CNS matatae neoplasia (esp men>6, foros. flan rap oneal 50% report pai, efoto sympfont elas posenco Fan 1+ France & Brickman (1085) Tigeinal neu (ote dauowreus elering lo encodoicaly Yost eet lncaing shooting pan cabemazoping {Tiamat & Gutmann (19484): Herpes wth exo tothe, Lack ors ash. Aso: SguUseon 1985 Inlane Hepes nectonsnauces ‘tors can tad Wpupsl merce (Goon (1808 JADA = Vienrs (1886) Atal eonaiga, Can be panom oh pan, RSD, eeyhooical Dinan (1867 OCNAY AFP[Segen 98 ites 87 lomer Ratner & Langer 36 [Dnonan'e? Taira & Guana (886) Pharm io pam Clarad lence ofS of pols unGagahg eApaten. Asa ach (ToTE) «Glaser (1867 ne JOS}: eta tingling or nurs ofower ip. Nua lp most commen feat of masa CA {Sojeaue Salomon (091), Measiate beast cance 0 mandibuse pa Kan (1988) mona mesic Imohoms mania pin {Seldon (198) vin ound metastat carom as PARL on antl molar et eavloned part {Toa (1967 JOE} te of previous CAs oporad melasisioariing Bod fow predicng metal Tank this when cn Bd no aie logy loner fia (1997 Eagle's eynarome {Ramer & Langer (1098) Aveta caviatonloteopathoss, Reber (1984): NCO {ian 1667 DGNA) Nanchausarssyprome (Sere Render TS [Pas on bing saeats POL itarraton Wate ce ater necro pup or eveyone nue "Soear& Donor ES It pa pla BO aes GUTS Severe BUDS OF TOSS OOH Te eve TTTOre, GIG REE TTS TS Wes [tis nccombnad wh vile responses, Tae Wa TOT 7 ease rors a haa sana aoc NGRCT._ Chal paint Fopeduee pe ca Cus a issed canals NGRCT Re-Turesoved 56, do rats ou | ASRCTIn teeth a source of pe thems! Scanlon, “eowbrpe& Fra CaS Ngo WS By SORTS ROT Wad Tow Bence & Meyers 0 Simon 82 Seloer& Naot Endo Epargoncox: Upon ve Closed Keen Cased bance Nayere (190) Rezarmended that eave eth open only alas reson contest to August, BAM repaid Nal 45% ha to be pened) + Wene (1975 000): Toth ok cose had fewer exacerbations. {Simon (182 JO) looting teh open cans to foelgn bey reacon of meri forced into psp otUe {Scheer Naot (1684 JOE): Reaears why nctleave loth oponcuceadlfenlbecterscetaninao,coriamnaton wih fod debs Dockage of cana yenaceenay folow.up appt dae te ooh + Nati (1874 DONA): Regardess of how much pence as caine oot can be did and seely cos If tla actors hav been aeviated {Sumit (1976): REMEMBER: Apical eros con on De detecos toh fh Sacer parson canal yeteme, Open eaeee wl become inloses. Necro, but sare fet have no Sgne of PAL. conta esheets forth showed PAR Also, roby of pln Ireteased wih # Bacterial epee (cep when >): suggest baci elem s mporant voles fac, 7 Rat (198: Toa let open canbe completly insrumening and coca (25% ein ose). Trephinaion 1 Cheater & Sana (1998): Desebes tephinton oreo ain, {Bot & Welcome (188), Treshnation (23 srcoce) la pts wih PARL: 0%, ad-severe pin ve 25% mod-ever In no-skeyoUP {+ Moos et (1985) eperts more pln after pubociony 8 teprinaton, Rowine phan foetuses ‘Si dre Ge the EeoneLiewe ven 234 Bea pskend pa eo ow Wioton & Fousa's2 | +” Waton& Foun (1882) Bost predictors are pro-o pane swting ‘orstineoa 88 1 Torabineied (194) nd Bet precios: Level of peop pam and acety {Maison & Boumgainer (1981): Portando pal: Mest ey ooecur net 24h, More alto deaop np wih nsr-appt pln 1 Greacn& Waten 1064): Magntuc of posnco pani flied © magnitude of pando pain {ots & Hota 1650}: Magne of post endo ain reltd lo mops of preardopaln 1 Terabineea & Ketoan (1088 Magnitude of oat eno pin set to magne of pando pal 1 Mosshat& Watts (1984): Magntade of post-end pis rele o magna of po ence it 1 Ganet (1987 12) prdetors of pst pl: prep pln, nacre, PARL, fal {ue (1969 Ea 5 nsdence of Fares; most en wih PARL« pre-op pls, mile apps {Maddox Walton (1970) no ntracera mes beter than 7 cto pl. na cn pulptey, pupecory on post endo pal. ALSO: Haseaorin {BR Kk & Mataney (1860 Waton (fs CNA), Hasan (172), Fiaeape Fiabe ce nae Glossary an acute exacerbation fa peace paosis sie the ian or contain of NSRCT Trope'0 {Morse Keron (1986): Flarep rte» 20% (1963-1070) righostinfomals and pls. Esp max alert, nand 1 premolar & ig PARL Trope 95 1 Trope (1900; Harp neldonce = 26%, No dernco between fortes = Lagernix= Ca{Ohe as ndenal mediaments Nore 36 {rope (1995 Ed: Inonce = 13% (of 2)in Fstop o-b wl AP. ON aroun eth weheut AP. ALSO: Tossbiajd 08 fechas ig mre Wat 2 fares “orsonelae'08 : Water & Fousd (192) ncidenc 2.1% (= unechedtd vi fr soars piloting), Pe-o pain = bet predicer 1 Torabinoiea (1988): =2.000 Priors of Nereups include cases wih no or eral PARL, re cass, ls nh Hop pan reg, fora ‘2g0 40.80 (lafes = argo slicer elferonce) Lower ik of fae-ape: Large PARLS snus ees, anapoae. Ren have sgnfcaly mare ‘areape tan inital NSRCT, ane Tropes argues tal shou r-dn mule pps. ‘ura zous (195) Flare (150%) coated wih: PAR, prep symptoms, ft cates (NB:PARL in contasto Terabe) 1 Kertas Tronstad (1879) change in progods fo euccos cao has areup {+ ‘Harnglon & Natn (1882 DONA): ner eth mre ely io have feos; especaly dbs is extra. [NB:Crwn-down (Fu Hubbard & Gutmann 1967 JOE) are batancea res (ekondy 1980 JOE) oxrused lst dab than stepback ng} + Georgoopavou (1863 TE): ovrsrttumonton may las to reps Sct Na 85108) Prepon lg cs fo, hn od tan aan re ctr aca choi + Rimmer (1889 JOE} dened fare ideo perm comparison cross sl ca ‘Causes of FareUpe _— Sasar Nao! (005 FOE = Overisimentaton| Ovemadicaton [Dewi forced in poorcal se Incomplete removal of up Reeruseesonse of CAP Overimgaton = Hsperccauson Root ractire| Rooter ooh Pasi fet (2, overgrowth of octave anetabes (Nl, 1677 JOE Evie Wt ro pRYSE BAUBTOIES Wave Ho gAT TCR BETAT On PORT ao TREE OF PIE‘Water & Chapinwt (583) 0-00 NocGSRIGAP Pen VR (WIA regan) = Pb0= Wo Tao poop pal & ee, Torin) (1884) nS6a Oburaion sty: PLBO = Pen VKSOD mg Entvonyein 00mg = (18 Pen Vi) = (ethyped + Pen Vi for zion pa reducing posto ‘+ Waton &Fovad (1052 JOE: 3% incisence of Raoups, This prospective RIT ound no beets fo propyl antbiis for reducing troupe 1 Fouaa vera & Welt (1996; Pan VK Po for ecucng eyptoms and rcoveryofioaizes AAA. Incrmnato so of anbioos 6 unosted + Ranta (86 Scand Ife! ie Reported that nether shrtem (1 wee) noting term (9 manta) wth Pen VK had any fet on alin of Porapkleions! ‘Studies that seem to show an effet: = orae& Furst (187) (oe of many artls by Norse on Nare-ups) Necro Wh PAR -dey wih ANA protaca (high dose) Pen VK reduced Aare-up te 20% fo 2. Best onl oe wh or lrg PAR. ut, bacalne fare rte = 201 “+ Abbot Koren & tose O00 1986722 Trac wh PARR wih Pen VK o& Exyvemen. Foundlowersweting 8p. ‘ata werse (1988 000): necrsl AP: pon 250 mg reduced Nate 1 Tevabinjd! (1958) ns nseumertation stay Pls wih Moderatesovee pan nat 4h: Pen VK & Eytvo& Mathypred + Pen VK were a eter an plo for reducing pstinstumentaton pan rag aToape Icunninghar 1 a Frsconbery 38 ‘Cunningham fe 0 ooausen jaton'8¢ Rosenbrg (198 JOE}: Aa eocluslon haps rolove pain sp wit + percussion po-p) ‘Geech & Walon (1868 JADA} Agius cecslon ony as needed: pope agustent does rt redce pin wally ith wo wth PAR, ALSO: Niiaon(T000) cane repo (fears leon on lal fet mar wth PARL nZye pl (oot was sere & tte Wal). PARL healed aft cares removal a IAM base, ‘ndamaigam Trepe'97 &87 Taser Dapper + Grande & Sung (199); Case rep of pt ih 2 fet that responded fo pp testa ut had PARLS. Laser doppia showed pa sity bs sean cont pn Corte), Aan pod co Wan {Go a NCT ona th PAR Po + Mesos, Troe, Mabe (1097 Laser dopler (Moor DA Istunen) etc vil enero ve empty pulp chabers {Meco rope (197 EDN}: Case repo rauratiinary 0 8o boys wo max cei ny one weakly +0 CO? a 7 day: ut Laer Doppler setea both were vis. Endo bot peed an eal developed ronal Ingateson &Tronstaa (108 EDT} Laver oper more cera tan EP for occ pus (9% vs 6a) {Nate (1009 [EU pote wth Laser Doppler nol messuredin abet Ute cup ay ot neat rested PF Gamera TS aad nota WL Tim ep > rom sparFae Frscetag cases whote snus Was was Waseda adacan Wh Avaya rack our 5 ‘Aiea Sein TO, TOTETOTT. Eac-Aal Sypdiome! max pou toh prose snl. DeSCBeAa cases. Look or nae als PARL wi AT ‘aaepagve mass bing i sinus space ver span, Mat case feszond to NAGY. Poston paipaon buccal vsttule aaa 8 So TOU TOE Tran ficrerauaphy evalua pulp reapanavenane: Recoed nevis a feria raran (and ary Normal teat: Mean Lasar Dopler = uns: EP, cold (00M), eal (GP @ 70-900) al evoked charges and pant seston “Putnoaglar tet lcan Laser Dopatar= Suis some vue ase okted Woon) EPT,cald (ODM), hea achated 80% Ue, QUT produced Interpret cata o suggest that negave EP Meal can have false negate de to ack of perception. Lack of perception couls be duet 1) low requences) unas {Mina Brown (1967) oid vepr uteasonis case cack iret end props 1 Bating (1097): et deta eras 1 Wopinglon (1897 Ultscoi rotens prope dons NOT cause cracks {bea tTorbinaiad (198) Crack onnain by ulracne ws an of power, ne, al aks, and thickness of raining den {Frank Bala (186); Ulraconis on adiom powor win waa pry ecuces nda foo itactons (= cls) 4 Lin(1980)- Use stan ages fo mesture oot tp rng US pepe. US > ary forrotend sans. ut, dd se any cracks {rent Gougeriner (1990 Dlamand-cosies US tip = 12610" di prosuces 2 cnc; CTS lp produced recks (nl produed ost frecir. BUT. dlomon coated tps produce ea abratn, te debi & uneven pops and eared CT To make apt hele. Ako, cut Uisg one up te proper thru graore + Morgen & Marsal 1009; Tosk vivo poyloxane impressions en 25 ots afer rotend props aftr smocting with $ETUF- mulled fiucting tur and CTS US tp or damandcoate 125800 US ip. No cnc ee ser ool esecton. rack afer arena anieon HT i of Baga vezaneas wound NeaFaison & Jaro 1057 Taling of isiional Tape i asus manos. Suleua inion leaves pero tetve atachod comatum which speeds up repair ane avons ell downgrowth, Rec using undermining shvain of vera ap. aan 8 Joey TORT Healing of lazecUonal wounds a rhesus mony Day fs have cet pecan Day 23 have Ps, macrophages. fecbass Day Type elagen in nou BV frees predominate, ostecist Day 14’nave fbvaus CT mew patos, no foe. awolaeret Dey 28 have comps nama tissue arian & Tarcaly TORT ‘Raeaeean BRE TTE Tealing a ossous exclToral wounds Th tas onke Deve 13! compu duorganizes fi at a bro to orropak cls Dey intam calm eoapure Day 1 proleratnggrenietn sus replaces coaguum, woven bone, selaceye, dense forovs CT speaat tap rm bone Day 2: tabodae c2alsos, ned wh tablet m ovat devlized colal bone ct mound edges T =| Ts GRIGG Stamina aug PARE Sar Wave Offa he alg ponapleal Sugary sea. Reval hal PASC TGE repre case oT “xata NSRCT an found tea ese TUTR: War proparioa: exellent sal and Wacomparable 1 erabrnd (198-5) MTA shows potetl a oo ending (ae ashage tan Super ERA or amiga even in presence of od). Tostape soto dye raerorbactera (6. eplcermid Kr S0day). tx pats powser ot part aqueous soln. MTA powder const of hycrophe pares hat iat fom 2 coll! al wh pl¥25 satin "ah wih compressive song (21) sara EBA 8M. (NB: (yi la shown Sharpe bers roming sper EB). + Terabijd (1005): loeompatale: Comontum fr ovr MTA reli wih Starpye foes (Negaive in mutagen tes 4 Cergoston (tom 1899 web bape Tus MSDS)-tialdum sie, eau sea ealdum skurinae, bam xge, wtaalcure Suninferiay entium sufte atta f= gyesu (eats nh). (NS Ths eon fom og! aten which Was oped to Be alam sede, reloum odo, eatin phosphate, maenomic“SOP”) 1+ FOAIndaae: prea pals (on sonra) apes oct nding. gulp eaping 1 Stgk Hare 1060): MTA soll for treat ropa. NTA rossed depacurant st 7h bak than 24 (p08), No diference I MTA, ovordby weto dy aan pol naitteprbably dered om urea tes), nthe nia sty, fours beter SGapstan of MTA Perforation wall hen ft plocod Gaoom se on inal matix + Kata Torbinead (1099), Onesbiaes growin veo io contact wih MTA (rat sean with IRM leo saw vad loves eons fm MTA. ‘etchant cuties (ipa oes en). + Torabinsad & Chan (198): Osserbed cia iceatons an techniques for using MTA, ndeated for Pu capping Pitford 1996), pica omer aftr | CafOMz n ncrotc cases ose wa ators obuate mh a) 00 pa fot ene Mange ee Sma carer Sr RR Carrer Chge nc rt ae sx ate air placing TA). once pup seal + ick Schwartz Bi Wakar (1059 JADA) Cas reponse MTA er verel rot (hou), apextizallon per epi, and repaifinimsl resorption ions Terabe (1096) TA goos for pert repalt. Ag: Pd &Terbinejc showed TAs coo er furs apa nick ‘Dom 8 Conner 90 ‘orton 99 ‘Steiman 97 Hartwell 9 ‘SaperEBR + Oye 180s shown Shary's bers growing in super EBA om & Garter (1990 JOE: Retrospective tay In two endo ofces(nonrandomané ec: Sucoess Super EBA 95% IRM 91% and amalgam 138 ‘+ Rubenstein & Kim 1009): CRITICAL: Using spe, laconic and Super EBA: n°94 cates (20 poetorer & 19 antrir S78 raiegraphie Succes 312m otowp with man nasing a 7-2 (ita = resort of lata da) 88% grenloma and #68 est wth ho iflerence in fins thea Ines were found in 25% of te canesTiepe ‘+ Testo (000 #900) #200 ales (18 eat wih Sr Flow sandarGied raiogaphe wih 2 obreres BSH coplae Baling wth atone dpe and supe-EBA at yr vores 66% complete hang for ary mcroandpece wi amagam. Sow reduced sucess when as oot ota pic NSRET (ese Dani iow) + Flops & Ssiman (1987): Fishy tr (reese ETUFO) gave beter margins adaptation of EA & IRM othe reopen as compared bal burch or wet coven ‘+ Fort Hartwel (1850) « monwh Fu ration loskape stay super EBAishing bur (556 crots-cu leaked more a ey but was eal fo Sper BAlburishod at Twoskt 6morthe fois (Saran Karun Benda (199) EBA < IRM << amagem drm pe ‘rope (1986): EBA CRCS or Selmer aking En 2A old mines; sealepax active at ays aterm 1 Gareangls (1000) 0.8% = 1% = 26% = 54 NaOCi for anticratialatecivenees (1 sins ine Eten far sabes arches, fleroeeophice,oblgeo anerobee). IMPORTANT PONT: Best wa so nat 1 ra cont ae. + Siquoa (1097 6:43 NeOC! is eectve ating E tveal in vilo fected RC sjsams (th hans le, US les or #202) {Fine (1998 Ed): Chomestcne eect h dentin inlcted wn Efoecots (lo charnex= NaOC] en sunve a RC ste ee Sle eqenem (star hanpaymeraba commun). Contd sures infected den! tues ‘BPS [lack Pigmented Saclareieey Found be assorted wth necote sjmptomatc tech (Sunda (1980): 73% cf canals contaling BPR had abscesses or pus Divided nto Prpiyromonas (asaetao}ee BPD): P sechareyevs,P.pghas, P.endodontsle Divded io Preval facthsraytic O°0)P. iNeed, nigrescens, P. malaninogeniie P. decal, P lessen ‘The most common BPD seals Prevotela ngyescens (See & Baumgerer 1007, Baumgartner 1050). 1 Baungartner &Pautker (104) 84% of 9D PA lesions hac WG react oP. nlermeca {Dogon Sits (1090; Serpled 20PA sions wih goed cots er contamination ound ely 1 sin conning Porhyremonas gingival ot tad pa) + Prov. melano is socio wih pain (Yothids [19870E Geile 1860 000}, Sundois [989) Wag 5 aaa ‘Screaned 967 sanpieriaken fang NSRCT case. Found mioorganisna i ang ces. Fung wate Bunda OW ot 067 cases ATcliss exept ona wes fom gone Candia. abicens was found most oe). Also apriad by Na TO00. EM dasaigiln of yeast ha orgarlans inzev 08) erapyesetantaing NSRCT cacas. Since Inti for ot AC eyeteme do nl vay coma yest Gund 085), Watimo onclades that yeasts more common in persistant RC nestons. ER aS aCe WEG a EI TY EATER, FUSER 2, We no, BSCTRCESS TARE RCS aR pul sed SOS PGE Te ah Wa Wc grated BAST STEEN Tt HTS PU Cana pay Prva APRS TW TBP isla) and Prevotatainarmera (27% of 8 losed) Baungarner 55 ‘Ven Winks 7908 Confined Bae & Baurgarner (107) Clured& POR caries fom 40 necro eo wit APS sempes conned ack pgreiod BaceTades pulp consting perma of Provetlnlresces (50% ct BPD cated) ane Provotel normed (6% of BPS elte). 7% of he BPB-polive {oth wore asezcated wih purulent lecarge om elher RG eytom e us act ‘Acaobi ects occu when ‘have nec sue 2. compromised 00d spy 5 by mucension fotos by robes & facut snares that owe he otoneeueton potato fS8ue ‘Repaid tat Porphyromonas Iarmedia & Poph ondadaracs wore quan Toon pragicalabocosas, Later (T6H2) he eauad Bat nds inlved v snrabic mixed econ and may be esse! sve ol ean ects, Fea FASS NAST, FESS GR OF RESATN RAINY PORES GOTTA PRS Song TOE al Tandon Used od aa o haw ha soma pace ond pa wil ear e, Pwiamedla ana ‘ied Saba TORT ‘Dag sa Th eaeetogeay duced PA Tel, go 4 cai Realng aven whan cual wit Gada aalig i Gaal Sans (Cont wih ‘Sjoien 1997 who showed in humans thal porross i educd bacon se reson tine of ttn) Baungatnar OTST Brooks Fra TOT ‘HRT prsduced ow baie sata erga honda Tn canal eyions) whereas ot a produced igh bacrea Sapocay om fap Eracion «100% bacteremia fp retecton=>20% tage = 29% INGRCT. 3.8% (nsrumentboyend apex) “Rabe aca Youn OF of sos apes coeciod am parle abSSSSes AO caves ware PONMIGODIA. A oporsd by Farbor Setoor 1866, ena BT pried saver paces of gen PA Teo oat react To NSRCT. i oy used enon rlTeelaion wiih may have pamiod ‘onainaton. ‘General casas wore avradicularneaion i rasan 4. iRoscest apie proses (Cat 1950), 2, Paripizs orteomyeosi (Sunset 1960, Hapeonan 1588) 5. eced radeslr cyt (esp Bay cytes PA post cs) Na 1908Wayman 02 “ET asositon with exudes feted Senta! Ships alana TBO) {tic arm ‘vidance supporing baci pareadlotar lesions + Abou Rags (1098 IE} Wal conlld crcl colectn study of cosediesions. Found fac enorbes. Ic. acnomyoas (32) Proprontactnom (22%), Sbeptocaocus (1%) ‘+ Strat (1980) Happonen (189) Peps! setrarjease 1 (1960 000} 88% (14 of 16) prianea granulomas cortaned bugs (homogenized and han cuted granulomas for microganisms). Found ‘Veisnol (18%). Sheplocouse Pm) Aetnornyece (138), ‘+ Wayman 1002): 65% (1 of 5) granulomas cortanes cuttable burs. (mnporanty alco processed 12 of each samp fo htlogy. ould on dtet hati evidence ofbuge na ot hees sample!) “+ Nelvon (1981) Usos SEM to Sins bogs on apes. Exravadiasarncton 7 Nalr(T057:SENTbugs in Pa ions as avons for extarelclar econ alesione hed bape, 63% obigate anaes and 36% Evidence against bactra in priradicuar lesions: + Okey soom 6 be tare fx sins act, Bul hat cou be 2" to inact incon (RE?) 1 vote sty iosted by coten rol? Trento 1 Wate 1992 Dog sty wh noctad RC ystems Bloc seione showed bus a canal but netin praca leone (O fam stan) [OUT Soe Wayman 92 rel ‘Sansa OTE aearaen, Sanieys —] ‘CLASSIC: Wicretogy study on 32 Warslied anlar ea i8 27 {Nj Paint Agel pefadonis can only be deectainwath th Bacar percent canal ystems Necro, bt tol teh have no signs of PAR ‘+ 90% organisms isolated fom intacl, but necrotic teeth ware aerobic Becterises melanogan (row: Preeti melanopico} ocred ia act wth gln btn none of the ater tcth Probably of pin neato wih # Dacia species fap uhon >) evagetsDacteal eye is nporet wien ate. “GLASSIC: Groiobiois ats demonsraiod copay ofp or ealevparin he abeoec oT Bune and no development aplal paneer. WSETDn Ptaperal. ‘Stpul m noma aerated pupa acres and AP ie tgpors bateralongin ofA) Tar ‘CLASSIGE Gases ar Sn SISIGGC RET ER FeTRST EOS Pp TOVTERIGA HONS Ha na PRs BUT, Tea a Inecoa pups produced PA ators. Thus, no evldene at necro leevo (a ode breatdoun products or anigon als prea) pas nas Tess. Instead, ou need bs. _ TaD Tray san bags (ne ung may ead are Aso reporied wy Walger 1585 "Robison (1041 JADA: stats that anachorese occurs in pula! lamation afr become {Grand ie Senate nchrs aumaied pap ar aye cong. hy evn Sots (1876) ‘aafs demonstrated tat bugs ghon Iv arcurula n pulp Beneath Ca(OH)2 dec pup cap (ich induced pup infant) Delvars (184 JOE} In oreo snachoros to occu, neo come Use Ineanas nile cals ona became nected fom he Booey {POTENTIAL RESEARCH QUESTION: I ne machansism of anacorels pss sla o mechanism of ekocyt chmotas Ip ime ‘issue? (le recal expression of the CAN C102 on Marg pubal BV by Tasan (885 102). Pot expo bps indo COTOZ? so, thon anacoreis ae oucoyie chemotas havo silt mectans... (CHO eas Wanfoied wit CDT02 gana, grew 10 cowosncy and USO {a pan for vrous miceongrtama versus nontsefeted CHO ea]‘Dwyer Borabinead 21 Rove ot Sata 92 rope 97 arvoau'96 Endoton 1 Ouyer ATormbineid (1961: Ente laced in caval caused sevre plan paradiouaraemmaton. Concuded that endcosn plays @ ‘igual ca n parades ease + Honea (1001 feud consaton between cna! symptoms, PARL and anton content ‘Schein & cher (1075) ound poste corelatlon between endotoxin evele ard noc painfl tot ith PAR. ‘Sefav & Nehow (1853): Ca(OH)2nacvates LPS vito ‘Bara & trope (187123) Ca(OH)Z macavates LPS n vivo ‘Aves (1908): Copared bactatal (Campylobacter rectus, Pepestrptococasmicos, Fusbestrtm nucestun, Prove nkrmed) leakage ‘1G obturatod carats wih posvanoce prop to endocou. Erdotxnloskocfstor an bugs sans Z5 days 62 doje ‘rope (1985) Endotoxin penetration ofccronalyUreeled NST tool 21 eaye. phase impotence Cf crond Sea Darveay (fet nnn 681311, 1895) Posse mech for fl beet (. gingival) fo nfkance tart alo offen: LPS ory fom rel bigs) domnvogulatas E-selectin pression i Yancarendoelim. Gstradseson noses Sapadeas a deat ses of ecion “Eels Ino by boca LPS could slain the oat ac af ntanmavon and pan assossod ws parodoral poke and eetcane hat harbor Inge numbers of bacon (see Borgran JOE "89 Nev. Ghai kPa ‘008 ‘lease Tatars ae Si soa Prise is eocatd wi pall PE Ware PQTERETS BHOESTEC WAH OOPS ‘Gaos, Octo TORE ‘098 ‘ain igaay sence wh Prevalatawatannagarica and Pepiostepacicos i Wi@Ad at canal cape speaio cornatone oT Peptoseplocooss and Prevelale specie (1006 std 70 eat Hom 6D conserve 3) Ges Paterson 100 FS SSIS alan TEE SGOT aE WH TOU SG, a BP Wn Woe Aad TapOed Uy Sand. Tae Vara TT ‘Cufured PA sions wiheu sos Foci 66% hac + eres (00% coved ie or Tacaive aneroben). GOH sensing ty amen, avaayene _rclndamyeh (bt ony 45% were banstve lo matonicazae. Temvar& aren TOS “Good aril saute auppat parslstntifecion avn In presence of conpelon mune jan Ga nega recon BabweanaaiSie and ‘rarebe bate for ning PAN ectona ‘Suni T08 Basie deal Ub6s may boa YeseNI Ror which canal Wfeon way Stu. Conversely, Plas THOS goes ie SPDGETE Reeves Saray To5s Tis earvaon i fulp wen basa Ten fom pul. Wag oiaration tease whan ug ae OS BBOOHBE uh WaT Dds reat gulp “Sapna & Sala a5 ‘D> NOT ed ia have ve Caco to odie ul or peter infonmaton_ Cel ananis or aypenatans can cause “ianiad & Mor T672 | asus exposed pubs Nave “OW reeponc oval heiapy. Theirs, caous exposes shoud be condldeed to be eves pub ‘Chima 195 Te snl to wal pu, iors San api row in denna bus nasa Too & eSB. [Rican ass lve endo clita cose by arabes & Wal proplact nits unviv Sia ST ‘isc Grane Tatvsen ewaTng a enipalss, Exypelbs = sap pyroqens vb (echoes Favela) Proms Gan “Silat CHS NA 10S = aan aia spaces win gina apis. Ano Pasish DONA 1682 “Tens & Olsen 1556 eor ‘Raawa Dia abscesses cased by odovogorieinoaons.Rouls Inde 1) deel oroion (ari plnosh 2 hagaloporou a BCS ange. optim via svemove sn) 3 oes hghates nec by eveorainfecion. 1" Stepoeoes, Bacieries, Sap Sn Aone Oe Me afoteLivanee ven ee 4