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    PDF Aashto M 170m 04 Reinforced Concrete Culvert Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe PDF - Compress

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    HENDRO

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric] AASHTO Designation: M 170M-04' af Gi) ASTM Designation: C 76M-02 aul, Wey 1. SCOPE — 14 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts, 12. This specification is the metric counterpart of M 170. Note 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill contolled manufacture n the pian, and care that installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced conerete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site Note 2—Anention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (M 242M). 2 - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standards: M-M6, Fine Ageregate for Portland Cement Concrete =| ~=M31IM/M 31, Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement & M32M/M 32, Stee! Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement = M55M/M 55, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete @ = M80, Coarse Ageregate for Portland Cement Concrete @ M85, Portland Cement = =M 86M, Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe [Metric] & M148, Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete & M221M/M 221, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete @ = M225M/M 225, Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concreie Reinforcement = M240, Blended Hydraulic Cement mM 242M, Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric] | = M 262, Concrete Pipe and Related Products = M295, Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete TS4a M 170M-1 AASHTO. » Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile a2. ASTM Standards: ™ C1116, Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete 3. TERMINOLOGY 34 Definitions —For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see M 262. 4 CLASSIFICATION - iia 44. Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be of five classes identified as Class |, Class I, Class III, Class TV, and Class V. The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed in Tables I to 5. TS4a M 170M-2 ‘AASHTO esp ua co4g B00 ad 98 fo aut 08 Foun J0 Ua aod ska etl tS emp ew _og_tti__sn TaN $€ WBUBTG FAIOUOD _Ban Sve “Wiberg PIED Tet ra we vit moro sal sol “Bs s6 set 6 1s st eat ts vr Pe ost oe ae 9 ae ss ze es stl TTS TE ao uuu going UU] SSAA. YereweI Guouparojasy «WAL ——_—paneisocy s0yTN1) yeuroiuy [oan odg jo FUOUT TUS TUSTIN "adiq a1arou0D poDiojujoy 1 sseig 405 swatuouinboy URysoq—p SEL TAN OLE WaUBARS aDIOUOD VIEA ‘AASHTO ‘M 170M-3 TS-4a ‘28nd 1x0u wo ponutyuoy = 5 = Fs Re - . - - ase - : - = oor - : = = : ste - 5 - = : one = : - = ost Boat woes cout rei st ve rine oss oe 7 za tte os oak :9 mae ste ro Ml Bo om moo trait wey ye bt wots oem aos cat tat are ® sat toe 4 si - or au Lat - tt 6 staat - « » 6 - 9 8 = - 8 & a “ = # % st - = = o : si = = sis = = st [ SS a a Co a ae RauBIgURY a8 38a wong 3H) ss ia ink] UII ng Pu] eouy—enaweI soap i Soe TRanagey IR pamuieog “si60H ra SA STE Twas RIOD Fane Whang eat aie Wien Tea Siow s9ur ao TREO dig Sjo19U0} peouoyulay I] S8tI 40} stuewexmbay UTiseq——z e1qeL AASHTO M 170M-4 TS4a ose pe 9 2paid pao Dos peur emrpoid a peor 1 sonpaid 01 peat 241.0 Yous wu-C aM sonpede loom owanroa 91 BUDUE D4 toumo 94a pylseds aovndeo0 Jo 50930) §UOHDRG 296 HEN, ino paysode# po] aan ay pve Hees Hau dad yo si 12 ca ay paysode van uy to} 298 eH aD dD Souaquy (i) naares Bupa) 1 rosgony ine Beppo LEP Ho ws panupueg—Z GEL AASHTO M 170M-5, TS-4a “98d jxou uo ponurjuor mais 901 use mm rs tate esse os ome vie sc oe wore a xe corr oste NT aang Sa ~ vo vor it 9 s ws set core we un si mse oo cst PUTA ETE) ” ow Tat aT eo 90 we wet ott oF ” i - u oF “ = ” so sl = ® om st = oe 6 sis, st = ft ‘s or < - - & & aut 2 = rl ® oot Tinaeanoy a a fe vendita 23M aUu] ssa apg Teamaig IMAL paeBivog seat runny aaa Tang aS Wi 2%) II] 838/320) Stuauaiinboy uBseq—g O1qeL TS4a ‘AASHTO M170M-6 one 05 spay uy (020219 sc yu 9843 oi 99) poytesde eg wea] 9) sea vejnu anne poe au yeg ena spo) uso ses e599 0m 3484 st rr) es ens 38 v8 uu) gu oe ox ye eu ena ost coe et st ooee Sa UDSIO|UT Big a8tp war SpauRaupy aU aay BUBIRy a uw vw woud Jon Jouu] “GU 4 2nQ__BUL] sau onda Bing WU] ee, Hepa Roun eA supa eA Fmaagupy IRM paws “syn ein} puns NDEs hg AED Ba 7 wBuaNS PsN Yea DEM Ta Sp Ruy us HANSEL panunwoo—e O1GeL AASHTO M 470M-7, TS-4a -waunne uy aid ug J mn on) 904 ovina fpoeanda peo] so) PrO/-C 28126 sox nw "por Buypog so wees hq sod w px ag et ee penb poe INET paninjuoy—y 81921 ‘Bod rea wo pomupucry AASHTO M170M-9) TS4a AASHTO -aBod rau uo panujoy poyizode ey ung >> ou mas 3D ra pow so gig DUES STOP rrerrareeed piadaedd bopeeoteererbiries IPPC ELAR LEED ELE EEE 2 FaaaoEpE ah) aig we sang uy] essapNy — erUMG Eugen mos rust SAMI Tp ORAS FHS BaP Ty venga TED, our v TA Mae w Rhy REO 2 “Pig 21910005 poaIOFUIRY A SUID 39) SHDWOAINbay Ualsq —G e1geJ, 3 uy aid 29 Jo sian prs ap Ka pode “wor pay od estab pu 2) Pur) 2) 8 9 Pots Bog SPE 3 wo yendo Suse aus oset Poo ai si onpoad os Pr oor yon aui-gg x aanpendc)pe-c 1 npaid 0: pao 24130 9peD Ur 0 au aonpaid on Gatun Jo ‘Sauna uy usuainisss Ho) PRLOns ay ouwo 29 Aq payoncs sour wow sadn ponusndod—G Ege. ‘AASHTO Mt T70M-17 TS-4a 512, 5.2. 2| 64 6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.23. 6.23.2. MATERIALS BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order, two separate and alternative bases of acceptance are permitted as follows: Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests, Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual Defects and Imperfections —Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 shall be determined by the results of the three-edge-bearing tests for either the load to produce a 0.3-mm crack, or at the option of the owner, the load to produce a 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate strength of the pipe; by such material tests as are required in Sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4; by absorption tests on selected samples of concrete from the wall of the pipe; and by visual inspection of the finished pipe to dclermine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects, Acceptance on the Basis of Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Amperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 shall be determined by the results of such material tests as are required in Sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4; by crushing tests on conerete cores or cured concrete cylinders; by absorption tests on sclected samples from the wall of the pipe; and by inspection of the finished pipe including amount and placement of reinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects, When agreed upon by the owner and the manufacturer, any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance. Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when it conforms to the Tequirements as indicated by the specified tests. Reinforced Concrete —The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral Aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the stcel and concrete act together. Cementitious Materials: Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of M 85, or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of M240, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash and shall not exceed 25 percent by mass. Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Class F or Class C of M 295. Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of the following: Portland cement only, Portland blast-furnace slag cement only, TS4a M170M-12 AASHTO 64. 65. 6.6. Portland-pozzolan cement only, ot ‘A combination of portland cement and fly ash wherein the proportion of fly ash is between 5 and 25 percent by mass of total cementitious material (portland cement plus fly ash). Ageregates—Aggregates shall conform to M 6 and M 80, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply. Admixtures and Blends—Admixtures and blends may be used with the approval of the owner. ‘Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to M 32M/M 32 or 1M 225M/M 225, or of wire fabric conforming to M 5SM/M 55 or M 221M/M 221, or of bars of minimum Grade 300 steel conforming to M 31M/M 31 Synthetic Fibers—Collated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers may be used, at the owner's option, in concrete pipe as @ nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type {Il synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of ASTM Specification C 1116 shall be accepted. TA 7a 7.2. 724 7.22. 7.23. 724, DESIGN Design Tables—The diameter, wall thickness, compressive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circurnferential reinforcement shall be as prescribed for Class | to V in Tables 1 to 5, except as provided in Section 7.2 Footnotes to the tables herein are intended to be amplifications of tabulated requirements and are to be considered applicable and binding as if they were contained in the body of the specification. Modified and Special Designs: If permitted by the owner the manufacturer may request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ from the designs in Section 7.1; of special designs for sizes and loads beyond ‘those shown in Tables | to 5, Scction 7.1, or special designs for pipe sizes that do not have stecl reinforcement areas shown in Tables 1 to 5 of Section 7.1. Such modified or special designs shall be based on rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and cracking behavior of the pipe and skall fully describe to the owner any deviations from the requirements of Section 7.1. The descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type, placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel reinforcement. ‘The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge-bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owner or, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof tests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed design. Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance requirments specified by the owner in accordance with Section 5. TS4a M 470M-13 AASHTO 3. Arec—In this specification, when the word “area” is not described by adjectives, such as cross. section or single wire, it shall be understood to be the cross-sectional area of reinforcement per unit lengths of pipe. 84 att 8.1.2, 8.1.3, B15. 8.1.6. 81.61 8.4.7. 8.1.8. TS-da REINFORCEMENT Circumferential Reinforcement—A line of circumferential reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than 180 mm ot three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 180 mm or greater. The layers shall not be separated by more than the thickness of one longitudinal plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All other specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, etc. shall apply to this method of fabricating a line of reinforcement Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it shall be placed from 35 to 50 percent of the wall thickness fiom the inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses less than 63 mm, the protective cover of the concrete over the circurnferemtial reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be 19 mm. In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement, each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be 25 mm. In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thicknesses 63 mm or greater. the reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of conerete aver the ‘circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 min from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diameter and 25 mm from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinfarcement with wall thicknesses less than 63 mm. the protective covering of the concrete shall be 19 mm at the vertical and horizontal diameters. ‘The location of the reinforcement shall be subject to the permissible variations in dimensions given in Section 12.5. z Tne spacing center-to-center of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not excecd 100 mm for pipe up to and including pipe having a 100-mm wall thickness nor exceed the wall thickness for larger pipe, and shall in no case exceed 150 men, Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the last circumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the spigot shall be 75 mm, except that if this distance exceeds one-half the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linear meter times the laying, leagth of the pipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shall be 13 mm. Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot the minimum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 13 mm in the bell or 6 mm in the spigot. The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the pipe, except that when agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes may be provided in cach pipe for the purpose of handling, If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and deformed cold-worked wire, and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn M 170M-14 ‘AASHTO, 18.4 34 3.1.2. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2. wire. In addition, where lapped cages of welded-wire fabric are used without weldiag, the lap shall contain a longitudinal wire. i ‘When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirements above, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 50 pereeat of the minimum specified strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helicaily wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 75 percent of the minimum specified strength of the steel. Longitudinal Reinforcement—Each line of circumferential reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage that shall contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members, to maintain the reinforcement in shape and in position within the form to comply with permissible variations in Section 8.1. The ‘exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, or spacers that have been used to position the cages during the placement of the concrete shail not be a cause for rejection. Joint Reinforcement—The length of the joint as used herein means the inside length of the bell or the outside length of the spigot from the shoulder to the end of the pipe section. The end distances ‘or cover on the end circumferential shall apply to any point on the circumference of the pipe or joint. When convoluted reinforcement is used, these distances and reinforcement areas shall be taken from the points on the convolutions closest to the end of the pipe section. Unless otherwise permitted by the owner, the Following requirements for joint reinforcement shal! apply. Joint Reinforcement for Non-Rubber Gasket Joints: For pipe 900 mm and larger in diameter, either the bell or spigot shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This reinforcement shall be an extension of a wall cage, or may be a separate cage ‘of at least the area per meter of that specified for the outer cage or one-half of that specified for single cage wall reinforcement, whichever is tess. Where bells or spigots require reinforcement, the maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be one-half the length of the joint or 75 mm, whichever is less, Joint Reinforcement for Rubiser Gasket Joints: For pipe 300 mm and larger in diameter, the bell ends shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This reinforcement shall be an extension of the outer cage ora single wall cage, whichever is less, cor may be a separate cage of at least the same arca per meter with longitudinals as required in Section 8.2. If a separate cage is used, the cage shail extend into the pipe with the last Circumferential wire at least 25 mm past the inside shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the joint. Where bells require reinforcement, the maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 38 mm. JOINTS ‘The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections are laid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free from appreciable irregularities in the flow line, all compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 12. M7045 AASHTO 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.2.1 10.2.2. 10.2.3, 10.2.4 11. 2A 1S-4a MANUFACTURE Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious matcrials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by mass. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in Section 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 ke/m’ unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in Sections 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any other method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured fora sufficient length of time so that the specified D-load is obtained when acceptance is based on Section 5.1.1 or so that the concrete will develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less when acceptance is based on Section 5.1.2 Steam Curing—Pipe may be placed in a curing chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured ina ‘moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe. Water Curing —Concrete pipe may be water cured by covering with water-saturated material or by 4 system of perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified curing period ‘The manufacturer has the option of combining the methods described in Sections 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of M 148 may be applied and should be left intact until the required strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within 6°C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied. t PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS Test Specimens—The specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furnished without charge by the manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. Unless designated otherwise by the owner in the order, the manufacturer shall select the type of test (extemal load crushing strength test, compression test of cylinders or compression test of cores) to be used to determine the acceptability of the pipe strength. Pipe that fails to meet the strength requirements as determined by the selected test type may not be retested using one of the other test types without approval of the owner. Number and Type of Tests Required for Various Delivery Schedules: Preliminary Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules—An owner of pipe, whose needs require shipments at intervals over extended periods of time, shall be eatitled to such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as are required by the type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5, of not more than three sections of pipe covering each size in which the owner is interested. M1 170M-16 ~~ AASHTO 11.2.2 11.3. 11.3.4 11.3.2. 114. 115, 11.5.1, 11.6.2. 11.5.3. 11.5.3.1, 11.5.3.2, 115.33, TS4a Additional Tesis—A fier the preliminary tests described in Section 11.2.1, an owner shall be entitled to additional tests at such times as the owner may deem necessary, provided that the total number of pipe tested (including preliminary tests) shall not exceed I pipe or I percent, whichever is the greater, of cach size of pipe delivered External Load-Crushing Strength The load to produce a 0.3-mm crack or the ultimate load, as determined by the three-edge-bearing ‘method as described in T 280, shall be not less than that prescribed in Tables I to 5 for each respective class of pipe. Pipe that support the prescribed load to produce the 0.3-mm crack and do not show a wider crack shall be considered to have met the test requirement. It is not a requirement of this specification that the pipe be cracked or loaded to failure during these tests. Pipe that have been tested only to the formation of a 0.3-mm crack or lesser erack and that meet the 0.3-mm crack load requirements shall be accepted for use. Three-edge-bearing test to ultimate load is not required for any class of pipe 1500 mm or less in diameter listed in Tables 1-5 provided all other requirements of this specification are met. Note 3—As used in this specification, the 0.3-mm crack is a test criterion for pipe tested in the three-edge-bearing test and is not intended as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions. Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the External Load-Crushing Strength Requiremenis—Pipe shall be considered as meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens conform to the strength requirements. Should any of the test specimens fail to meet the strength requirements, the ‘manufacturer shall be allowed a retest on two additional specimens for each specimen that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of the retest specimens meet the strength requirements, Type of Specimen—Compression tests determining concrete compressive strength may be made on either standard rodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and cured in like ‘manner as the pipe, or on cores drilled from the pipe. Comoression Testing of Cylinders: Ghlinder Production —Cylinders shall be prepared in accordance with Section 11 of T 280. ‘Number of Crlinders—Prepare no fewer than five test cylinders from a group (one day’s production of each concrete strength) of pipe sections Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Result: ‘When the compressive strengths of all cylinders tested fora group are equal to or greater than the required concrete strength, the compressive strength of concrete in the group of pipe sections shall be accepted. When the average compressive strength of all cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the required concrete strength, and not more than 10 percent of the cylinders tested have a compressive strength less than the required concrete strength, and no cylinder tested has @ compressive strength less than 80 percent of the required concrete strength, then the group shall be accepted. ‘The pipe shall be acceptable only when the compressive strength of the cylinders tested conform to the acceptance criteria stated in Section 11.5.3.1 or Section 11.5.3.2. M 170M-17. AASHTO 116. 11.6.1. 11.6.2. WTA 172 11.73. 11.9. 11.10. 14.41 Compression Testing of Cores: Obiaining Cores—Cores shall be obtained and prepared in accordance with Section 6 of T 280, Number of Cores—One core stall be taken fom 2 pipe section selected at random from each day's production run of a single concrete strength Acceptability on the Basis of Core Test Results: ‘When the compressive strength of a core tested for a group of pipe sections is equal to or greater ‘than the required conerete strength, the compressive strength of the concrete for the group is acceptable. If the compressive strength of the core tested is less than the required concrete strength, two additional cores shall be taken from that pipe section and tested. Concrete represented by these core tesis shall be considered acceptable if: (1) the average of three cores is equal to at Ieast 85 percent of the required strength, and (2) no single core is less than 75 percent of the required strength, Ifthe compressive strength of the three cores does not meet the requirements of Section 11.7.2, the pipe section from which the core was taken shall be rejected. Two pipe sections from the remainder of the group shall be selected at random and cored and tested for conformance with cither Section 11.7.1 or Section 11.7.2. If both pipe sections meet the core strenieth requirements of Section 11.7.1 or Section 11.7.2, the remainder of the group shall be acteptable. If both pipe sections do not meet the test strength requirement, the remainder of the group shall be either rejected or, at the option of the manufacturer, each pipe section of the remaining group shall be cored and accepted individually and any of the pipe sections that have core strengths less than the requirements of Section 11.7.1 or Section 11.7.2 shall be rejected. Plugging Core Holes—Core holes shall be plugged and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner ssuch thatthe pipe section will meet all ofthe requirements of this specification. Pipe sections so plugged and scaled shall be considered satisfactory for use x Absorption —The absorption of a sample from the wall of the pipe, as determined in accordance with T 280, shall not exceed 9 percent of the dry mass. Each sample shall have a minimum mass of 1.0 kg, shall be free of visible cracks, and shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe ‘When the initial absorption sample from a pipe fails to conform to this specification, the absorption test shall be made on another sample from the same pipe and the results of the retest shall be substituted forthe original test resus. Retesis of Pipe—When not more than 20 percent of the concrete specimens fail to pass the Tequirements of this specification, the manufacturer may cull the project stock and may eliminate ‘whatever quantity of pipe desired and shall mark those pipes so that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and the pipes shall be accepted if they conform to the requirements of this specification, Test Equipment—Every manufacturer furnishing pipe under this specification shall furnish all facilities and personnel necessary to carry out the tests described in T 280 TS-4a M170M-18 ‘AASHTO 252 PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS Internal Diameter—See Table 6. At the manufacturer's option, the design diameter shall be the designated diameter ofthe converted English diametct. The internal diameiet of 300 to 600 mm pipe shall vary not morc than 41.5 pereent from the design diameter. The internal diameter for pipe larger than 600 mm shall not vary from the design diameter by more than +1 percent of the Uesign diameter or +10 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe sections that are intended to be jointed to ‘each other shall be furnished with the same design diameter. Wall Thickness —The wall thickness shall not vary more than shown in the design oF specified tral by more than #5 percent or 5 mm, whichever is greatet. A specified wall thickness more than required in the design is not cause for rejection. Pipe having localized variations Wt wall thickness raeeding those specified above shall be accepted ifthe three-edge-bearing strength and minimum steel cover requirements are met. Length of Two Opposite Sides—Variations in the laying length of ewo opposite sides of the pipe cet moe be more than 6 mm forall sizes through 60-mm internal diameter, and nat more than Peachy af intemal diameter forall sizes larger with maximum of 16 min any length of PIDs through 2100-nmm internal diameter, and 2 maximum of 19 mm for 250-0 internal diameter or larger, except where beveled end pipe for lying on curves is specified by the owner. Length of Pipe—The underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not be more than 10 mmim with aoa enero 13 nam in any length of pipe. Regardless of the underrun or overrun im any S2

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