SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Authors: Jemma C. David
Jennifer M. Dungo
Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Filipinas N. Pangilinan

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 2 Week 3 (Module 1-3)

 TITLE CARD
“ LAYERS OF THE EARTH AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ”
Module 1

GUIDE CARD
Introduction
Depending on where you live, you might step unto stone, grass or soil. You might
see houses, apartment, buildings, and schools. If you live near water, you might see a
river, a pond, or a stream. You might even see mountains, deserts, or forests. This is all
on Earth’s outer crust. Let’s dig deeper and explore more about Earth and its layers.
The layers of the Earth are commonly compared to the layers of an onion. As you peel
the layers, you get closer and closer to the center.

Earth is made up of four layers, with the outermost layer being the crust, which is where
we live and where you can find the crust and continental crust. The mantle is below
the crust and is made of a soft, moldable rock. The center of the earth is the core, and
it has two parts, the inner core probably made of solid iron and nickel and a molten
(liquid) outer core.

Learning Objectives
• Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the
earth.
Subtask: Identify the layers of the Earth and their characteristics.

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Pre-Test: What I Know
Direction: Directions. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your paper.
1. Which is the thickest layer of Earth?
A. Inner Core B. Crust C. Mantle D. Outer core
2. Like the white of a hard-boiled egg, the ______ is the thickest layer of Earth?
A. Lithosphere B. Mantle C. Inner Core D. Outer core
3. What are the layers of Earth from the center out?
A. Inner core, mantle, outer core, crust
B. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
C. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
D. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
4. The _____ is the largest layer of Earth.
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core
5. Which layer is made up of liquid metals, including iron?
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core

REVIEW
Do you still remember the earthquake that happen in Pampanga last April 22, 2019
around 5 o’clock in the afternoon?
What is an earthquake?

Why some scientist says that earthquake had a good effect?

ACTIVITY CARD
What’s New
Activity No. 1
Layers of the Earth Through Egg Dissection
Objective:
Identify the layers of the earth.

Preparation:
Boil 1 egg. It is a good idea to boil an extra egg in case one breaks.

Materials:
• A dull knife and a boiled egg
Procedure:

In this activity, you will dissect an egg and compare the layers
of the egg to the layers of the Earth.

CAUTION: Be careful in using sharp object like knife.

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1. Begin by peeling the shell of the egg off. Answer the
following question before continuing to dissect the egg.
o What is the outer layer of the Earth called?
___________________________________
2. The next layer of the egg is the white of the egg. It is the
middle layer. You will cut through this layer until you
reach the yellow portion.
o What is the middle layer of the Earth called?
__________________________________
3. The only portion of the egg remaining is the layer at the
center of the egg.
o What is this center layer of the Earth called?
___________________________________

Activity No. 2
Read a poem entitled:

FOUR LAYERS OF THE EARTH

Crust, Mantle, Outer, Inner Core 4x
Four layers of the Earth 3x
Come let’s learn it!

Crust, crust, crust, crust

Crust is the thin rocky layer of the Earth 3x
Crust is the ground we step on……

Mantle, mantle, mantle, mantle

Mantle is made of magma and rocks
Mantle cause the land moves…...

Outer core, outer core, outer core, outer core

Outer core is where melted metals are found 3x
Outer core moves along the inner core…….

Inner core, inner core, inner core, inner core

Inner core is made of iron, nickel, alloy 3x
Inner core is center of the Earth……
Guide Questions:
1. What are the layers of the earth?
2. Which layer do people, plants and animals live on?
3. Why inner core is the hottest layer of earth?
4. What is the composition of mantle?

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Activity No.3

Colors the Layers of the Earth by following the color key next to the diagram on your

paper.

Discussion of Activity
1,What have you learned on the poem “Four layers of the Earth”?
2. What do you know in each layer?

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 ENRICHMENT CARD
The structure of the earth is made of several layers. Each layer has unique
characteristics and functions. The uppermost layer is the Earth’s crust, which is made
of solid rock material. The crust is broken into two types; Continental crust which
averages about 25 miles thick, and Oceanic crust which averages about 4 miles
thick. Together this top layer is called the Lithosphere and is the uppermost part of
the Mantle. Just below the lithosphere is the Asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a
layer of a solid rock that has so much pressure and heat that the rocks can move like
a thick liquid. This allows crustal material to float and move around the earth causing
plate tectonics. The asthenosphere averages about 100 miles thick, but can be as
thick as 400 miles in some locations. Together, the lithosphere and asthenosphere
make up the Upper Mantle.
The next layer is the Mesosphere. It is the lower part of the mantle and can be
over 1700 miles thick. It contains over 80% of the earth’s volume. The lower mantle is
comprised of super heated rocks and minerals. Temperatures in the lower mantle
can reach over 7000 degrees Fahrenheit. Even at these high temperatures the rocks
are only semi-solid due to the extreme pressure from the rocks above. Deeper inside
the earth is the Outer core. This layer is made of liquid nickel and iron that slowly flows
around the core. Scientists believe this layer is responsible for the earth’s magnetic
field. At the center of the earth is the Inner core. The inner core is about 750 miles in
radius and is believed to be solid nickel and iron. The temperature at the center is
estimated to be over 9000 degrees Fahrenheit. Geologist are currently collecting
new information about the earth’s layers in hopes to better understand the geology
of the planet.
Complete the statement below using the information from the text.
1. Oceanic crust and_________ crust make up the uppermost layer of the earth.
2. Continental crust averages about _____ miles thick.
3. The Upper Mantle contains the __________ and _________.
4. The asthenosphere can be as much as __________mile thick.
5. At over 1700 miles thick, the_______ contains super-heated rocks and minerals.
6. Temperature in the lower mantle can reach over _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
7. The outer core is thought to be responsible for the earth’s _____field.
8. The Inner core is thought to be made of solid ______ and ______.

REFLECTION CARD
Make a creative model of Layers of the Earth using recycled materials available
at home like construction paper, Styrofoam, cardboard, pencil, crayon, mud soil,
clay, food color, balloon, used papers and etc.

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 ASSESSMENT CARD
I. Directions. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your paper.

1. Which statement below best describes how temperature reacts in the Earth’s
interior as you travel deeper into the Earth?

a. The temperature constantly decreases

b. The temperature constantly increases
c. The temperature constantly decreases then increases
d. The temperature constantly increases then decreases

2. In the diagram what is letter C representing?

A. Inner Core B. Crust C. Mantle D. Outer Core
3. In the diagram what is letter A representing?
A. Inner Core B. Crust C. Mantle D. Outer Core

4. In the diagram what is letter D representing?

A. Inner Core B. Crust C. Mantle D. Outer Core
5. In the diagram what is letter B representing?
A. Inner Core B. Crust C. Mantle D. Outer Core

REFERENCE CARD
Pavico, Josefina Ma. Ferriols (2013). Exploring Life Through Science Series pp. 137-139.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Rabago, Lilia M. Ph.D. (2013). Science and Technology pp. 98-99. Quezon City: Vibal
Publishing House,Inc.
Science 8 Learners Module pages135-136.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2015-12-earth-layers.amp
https://www.google.com/amp/s/ww.zmescience.com/other/science-ab.
https://www.perkinselearning.org/accessible-science/activities/illustrating-layers-earth-
through-egg-dissection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTJ3i4NNyFY

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ANSWER CARD

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TITLE CARD

Module 2

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 GUIDE CARD
Introduction
In this Module, you will have a better understanding about the behavior of
seismic waves.
The challenge is for you to succeed every activity and assessment exercises
to help you master your learning. Enrichment exercises are made to challenge your
thinking. Take notice of the reference card, it will provide you carefully researched
list of resources for your further reading.

Learning Objectives
• Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the
Earth.
Sub-Task: :Describe the behavior of Seismic Wave

Pre-Test: What I Know

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REVIEW
Direction: Use the illustration below to label the layers of the Earth

ACTIVITY CARD
What’s New
Activity No. 1 : Spot Me!
Study the pictures below. Identify what type of seismic waves you produced based
from your previous activity. Write your answers in your notebook.

Activity No. 2: Seismic Clues!

Directions: Read the clues about seismic waves below. Use the answers
to solve this crossword puzzle.

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Discussion of Activity
1. Describe the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves.
2. Differentiate the movement of waves in the rope.

ENRICHMENT CARD
A Seismic Wave is a wave generated by an impulse such as an earthquake or
an explosion. Seismic waves may travel either along or near the earth's surface (Rayleigh and
Love waves) or through the earth's interior (Primary and Secondary waves).

Directions: Rearrange the letters inside the parenthesis to complete each statement.

1. Earthquakes release waves of energy called _____ ( C I S M

E I S ) waves. This wave generates two types of wave mo- tions: Body waves
that move in the interior of the Earth. and Surface waves that travel near the
earth's surface.
2. ( R Y P I R M A ) __________ waves or the P waves are the
fastest moving type of body wave. This is called longitudinal wave because it
can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the
earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through.
3. An ________ ( S W V A E ) is slower than a P wave and can
only move through solid rock, in transverse motion. It shake the ground back and
forth. These are more dangerous than P-waves.
4. A _________ ( E V L O ) wave moves side-to-side motion (like
a snake wriggling) causes the ground to twist from side to side, that's why it
cause the most damage to structures.

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 5. ________ ( E I A Y R L G H ) waves cause both vertical and
horizontal ground motion. These can be the most destructive waves as they
roll along lifting and dropping the ground as they pass

REFLECTION CARD
DIRECTIONS: Which activity do you want to do? Do it now.

ASSESSMENT CARD

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your
answers in your notebook.
1. Seismic waves are caused by?
A. Earthquakes B. Thunder C. Typhoon D. Volcanoes
2. What is the MOVEMENT of Love waves ?
A. Circular B. Longitudinal C. Transverse D. Side to Side
3. What is the MOVEMENT of Primary waves (P waves)?
A. Circular B. Longitudinal C. Transverse D. Side to Side
4. What is the MOVEMENT of Secondary waves (S waves)?
A. Circular B. Longitudinal C. Transverse D. Side to Side
5. S waves can travel through _____.
A. Liquids but not solids C. Both liquids and solids
B. Solids but not liquids D. Neither solid or liquid

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 REFERENCE CARD
Science and Technology 8- Abiva Publishing House, Inc.
Breaking Through SCIENCE 8 - Second Edition- C & E Publishing Inc.
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-seismic-
waves-come-different-flavors
http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/
Notes/waves_and_interior.html
https://theowlteacher.com/earthquake-experiments/
https://www.kqed.org/quest/77152/the-four-types-of-seismic-waves
https://images.app.goo.gl/hZ2R4ZiJ64aDMSys9
https://images.app.goo.gl/T6pcgNCdA5EGsbMw9
https://images.app.goo.gl/WUMptvCpc8xAUGS9A
https://images.app.goo.gl/WvZh3DzksLKZpKQL9
https://images.app.goo.gl/iyoka7HVbdw4by4Z7
https://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html

ANSWER CARD

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TITLE CARD

Module 3

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 GUIDE CARD
When an earthquake occurs, some of the energy it releases
is turned into heat within the earth. Some of the energy is expended in
breaking and permanently deforming the rocks and minerals along the
fault. The rest of the energy, which is most of the energy, is radiated
from the focus of the earthquake in the form of seismic waves. Seismic
waves fall into two general categories: body waves (P-waves and S-
waves), which travel through the interior of the earth, and surface
waves, which travel only at the earth’s surface.
Two types of body waves are primary waves (P waves) and secondary
waves (S waves), also called shear waves. P waves push rocks in the
direction they are travelling; hence, they are described as
compressional waves. They travel in all state of matter. While, S waves
displace rocks at right angle to the direction they are travelling. They
cannot pass through liquid or fluid.

Learning Objectives
• Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the
interior of the earth.
Subtask: Compare and contrast P wave and S wave in terms of
their speed behavior.
Pre-Test: What I Know
Directions. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your paper.
1. P and S waves travel through the earth, and so are called
A. surface waves
B. body waves
C. tsunamis
D. earth waves
2. Only P waves travel through liquids.
A. False B. True C. Maybe D. Not at
all
3. These waves can travel through solid rock
A. S waves only C. Neither P nor S waves
B. P waves only D. P and S waves
4. Which waves can travel only through the inner core?
A. S waves only C. Neither P nor S waves
B. P waves only D. P and S waves
5. Which waves will reach a seismic station first?
A. P waves
B. S waves
C. Both reach at the same time
D. Neither P nor S waves

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 REVIEW

ACTIVITY CARD
What’s New
Activity No. 1 : Waves On YOU!
Objective:
• Show how P and S wave speed travel through different solids causing
paper clips or clothespin on a string to vibrate and tie rope in a tree.
Materials:
• Box
• String
• Paper clips or clothespins (pang ipit ng damit)
• Nail or ice pick
• Rope
• tree
Procedure:
1. An adult should supervise the making of the wave box.
2. Remove one side of a cardboard box.
3. An adult should punch a hole in the top and bottom of the box using a nail
or ice pick.
CAUTION: Be careful in using sharp objects like nail or ice pick.
4. Tie a string so it runs from the top of the box to the bottom of the box.
5. Start by tying a string to a paper clip on the
outside of the box at the top.
6. Thread the string through the bottom of the box and tie the string to a
paper clip on the bottom of the box.
7. Place 4 or 5 paper clips on the string inside the box.
8. Place the box on a table or some other object you can strike to make it
vibrate.

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 9. Strike the table hard enough to cause energy waves to travel through it to the
box.
10. If you have struck the table hard enough the paper clips will start to vibrate
back and forth.
11. Move your box to other surface and see if you can make the paper clips
vibrate on these surfaces.
12. Change the experiment by using a different thickness of string.
13. Change the experiment by using different sizes of paper clips.
14. Use a rope and tie it in the tree. Move the rope and up and down in normal,
faster and fastest time.

Guide Questions:
1. Which waves is faster?
2. What is the difference between P and S waves based in your observation?
3. Draw your observational waves using earthquake waves box and rope tie in a
tree.
4. What type of wave expressed in P and S waves?
5. Why S waves has a bigger wave?

Activity No. 2: Let’s Talk About P and S Waves

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Discussion of Activity

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 ENRICHMENT CARD

REFLECTION CARD
Make a recyclable telephone using nylon string and 2 empties can. Talk to
any family member and observe your voice while talking into other side. After
that, talk in front of an open electric fan and observe your voice. Determine
which is expressing P and S waves.

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 ASSESSMENT CARD
Directions. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your paper.
1. Which waves is slower and can travel only through solid?
A. P waves
B. S waves
C. Both reach at the same time
D. Neither P nor S waves
2. The second waves to arrive during an earthquake.
A. Both reach at the same time
B. Neither P nor S waves
C. P waves
D. S waves
3. Only P waves travel through the Mantle.
A. False B. Maybe C. Not at all D. True
4. P and S waves travel through the earth, and so are called
A. surface waves
B. body waves
C. tsunamis
D. earth waves
5. Which shadow zone is larger?
A. P waves shadow
B. P and S shadow zones are equal in size.
C. S waves shadow
D. None of the above

REFERENCE CARD
Pavico, Josefina Ma. Ferriols (2013). Exploring Life Through Science Series pp. 137-
139. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Rabago, Lilia M. Ph.D. (2013). Science and Technology pp. 98-99. Quezon City:
Vibal Publishing House,Inc.
Science 8 Learners Module pages135-136.
https://serc.carleton.edu/ANGLE/educational_materials/activities/205293.html
https://earthobservatory.sg/faq-on-earth-sciences/why-do-p-waves-travel-faster-
s-waves

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 ANSWER CARD

ENRICHMENT CARD

Differences P Waves S Waves

Wave speeds Faster Slower
Type of Wave Compression/Longitudinal Transverse
(push-pull wave) (up and down
wave)
Travel Capability Solid, liquid, gas Solid
Wave sizes Small Large

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