Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( First Revision )
ICS 91.120.25
© BIS 2015
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 4) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
Himalayan-Naga Lushai region, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions are geologically
unstable parts of the country where some devastating earthquakes of the world have occurred. A major part of the
peninsular India has also been visited by strong earthquakes, but these were relatively few in number occurring
at much larger time intervals at any site, and had considerably lesser intensity. The earthquake resistant design of
structures, taking into account seismic data from studies of these Indian earthquakes, has become very essential,
particularly in view of heavy construction program at present all over the country. It is to serve this purpose that
IS 1893 : 1962 Recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures was published and subsequently
revised in 1966, 1970, 1975 and 1984.
In the fifth revision brought out is 2002, the Committee decided to cover the provisions for different types of
structures in separate parts, to keep abreast of rapid developments and extensive researh carried out in
earthquake-resistant design of various structures. Other parts in the series are:
Part 1 General provisions and buildings
Part 2 Liquid retaining tanks-elevated and ground supported
Part 3 Bridges and retaining walls
Part 5 Dams and embankments
This standard (Part 4) contains provisions on earthquake resistant design of Industrial Structures including Stack
like Structures. Industrial structures are covered in Section 1 and Stack like structures are covered in Section 2.
In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been provided by BHEL, IIT Roorkee, IIT Bombay,
IIT Kanpur, NTPC, EIL, NPC, TCE, DCAD and various other organizations.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex E.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 :
1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF
STRUCTURES
PART 4 INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES INCLUDING STACK- LIKE STRUCTURES
( First Revision )
1 SCOPE s) Off-shore structures and marine/port/harbour
structures;
1.1 The industrial structures, including stack-like
structures, shall be designed and constructed to resist t) Mill structures;
the earthquake effects in accordance with the u) Telephone exchanges; and
requirements and provisions of this standard. This v) Paper plants.
standard describes the procedures for earthquake NOTE For nuclear and other hazardous chemical
resistant design and provides the estimates of installations, reference may also be made to recommendations
earthquake forces for design of such structures. of applicable International Safety Standards.
1.2 Temporary elements such as scaffolding, temporary In addition to the above, the following structures,
excavations need not be designed for earthquake forces. classified as stack like structures, are also covered by
this standard:
1.3 This standard does not deal with construction
features relating to earthquake resistant industrial 1) Cooling towers and prilling towers;
structures and stack like structures. For guidance on 2) Transmission and communication towers/
earthquake resistant construction of buildings, masts;
reference may be made to the following Indian 3) Chimneys and stack like structures;
Standards: IS 4326, IS 13827, IS 13828, IS 13920 4) Silos (including parabolic silos used for urea
and IS 13935. storage) ;
1.4 This standard deals with earthquake resistant design 5) Support structures for refinery columns; and
of the industrial structures (plant and auxiliary 6) Pressure vessels and chemical reactor
structures) including stack like structures. This standard columns.
shall be considered applicable to all industries,
including those listed below, unless exclusively noted 2 REFERENCES
otherwise:
The following standards contain provisions which,
a) Process industries; through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
b) Power plants; this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
c) Petroleum, fertilizers, chemical and petro- indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
chemical industries; revision, and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
d) Steel, copper, zinc and aluminum plants;
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
e) Pharmaceutical plants; indicated below:
f) Cement industries;
IS No. Title
g) Automobile industries;
456 : 2000 Code of practice for plain and
h) Sugar and alcohol industries; reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
j) Glass and ceramic industries; 800 : 2007 Code of practice for general
k) Textile industries; construction in steel (third revision)
m) Foundries; 875 Code of practice for design loads
n) Electrical and electronic industries; (other than earthquake) for building
structures:
p) Consumer product industries;
Part 1 : 1987 Dead loads Unit weights of
q) Structures for water and waste water treatment building material and stored
plants and pump houses; materials (second revision)
r) Leather industries;
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3.15 Liquefaction It is a state in saturated and pass through equilibrium positions simultaneously.
cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear strength
3.25 Response Reduction Factor ( R ) It is the
is reduced to a negligible value for all engineering
factor by which the actual base shear force, that would
purpose due to pore pressure caused by vibrations
be generated if the structure were to remain elastic
during an earthquake when they approach the total
during its response to the design basis earthquake
confining pressure. In this condition the soil tends to (DBE) shaking, shall be reduced to obtain the design
behave like a fluid mass. lateral force.
3.16 Lithological Features The nature of the
3.26 Response Spectrum The representation of the
geological formation of the earths crust above bed rock
maximum response of idealized single degree freedom
on the basis of such characteristics as colour, structure,
systems having certain period and damping, during
mineralogical composition and grain size.
earthquake ground motion. The maximum response is
3.17 Magnitude of Earthquake (Richters plotted against the undamped natural period and for
Magnitude) The magnitude of earthquake is a various damping values, and can be expressed in terms
number, which is a measure of energy released in an of maximum absolute acceleration, maximum relative
earthquake. It is defined as logarithm to the base 10 of velocity, or maximum relative displacement.
the maximum trace amplitude, expressed in microns,
3.27 Seismic Mass It is the seismic weight W
which the standard short-period torsion seismometer
divided by acceleration due to gravity, g.
(with a period of 0.8 s, magnification 2 800 and
damping nearly critical) would register due to the 3.28 Seismic Weight ( W ) It is the total dead load
earthquake at an epicentral distance of 100 km. plus appropriate specified imposed load including
3.18 Maximum Considered Earthquake ( MCE ) weight of the contents for vessels, tanks and containers.
The most severe earthquake effects considered by this 3.29 Structural Response Factor ( Sa/g ) It is a
standard that is the Earthquake with probability of factor denoting the acceleration response spectrum of
exceedence of 2 percent in 50 years corresponding to the structure subjected to earthquake ground vibrations,
return period of 2 500 years. and depends on natural period of vibration and
3.19 Modal Mass (Mk) Modal mass of a structure damping of the structure.
subjected to horizontal or vertical ground motion, as 3.30 Tectonic Features The nature of geological
the case may be, is a part of the total seismic mass of formation of the bed rock in the earths crust revealing
the structure that is effective in mode k of vibration. regions characterized by structural features, such as
The modal mass for a given mode has a unique value dislocation, distortion, faults, folding, thrusts,
irrespective of scaling of the mode shape. volcanoes with their age of formation, which are
3.20 Modal Participation Factor (Γ Γ k) Modal directly involved in the earth movement or quake
participation factor of mode k of vibration is the amount resulting in the above consequences.
by which mode k contributes to the overall vibration 3.31 Time History Analysis It is an analysis of
of the structure under horizontal and vertical the dynamic response of the structure with respect to
earthquake ground motions. time, when its base is subjected to a specific ground
3.21 Modes of Vibration See Normal Mode. motion time history.
3.22 Mode Shape Coefficient ( φik ) When a system 3.32 Zone Factor ( Z ) It is a factor to obtain the
is vibrating in normal mode k, at any particular instant design spectrum depending on the perceived maximum
of time, the amplitude of mass i expressed as a ratio of seismic risk characterized by maximum considered
the amplitude of one of the masses of the system, is earthquake (MCE) in the zone in which the structure
known as mode shape coefficient (φik). is located. The basic zone factors included in this
standard are reasonable estimate of effective peak
3.23 Natural Period (T) Natural period of a structure
ground acceleration.
is its time period of un-damped free vibration.
3.23.1 Fundamental Natural Period ( T1 ) It is the 3.33 Zero Period Acceleration ( ZPA ) It is the
first (longest) modal time period of vibration. value of acceleration response spectrum for period
below 0.03 second (frequencies above 33 Hz).
3.23.2 Modal Natural Period (Tk ) The modal
natural period of mode k is the time period of vibration 4 TERMINOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL
in mode k. STRUCTURES
3.24 Normal Mode A system is said to be vibrating For the purpose of earthquake resistant design of
in a normal mode when all its masses attain maximum industrial structures in this standard, the following
values of displacements and rotations simultaneously, definitions shall apply.
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4.1 Base It is the level at which inertia forces 4.14.1 Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame (OMRF)
generated in the structure are transferred to the It is a moment-resisting frame not meeting special
foundation, which then transfers these forces to the detailing requirements for ductile behaviour.
ground.
4.14.2 Special Moment-Resisting Frame (SMRF)
4.2 Base Dimensions Base dimension of the It is a moment-resisting frame specially detailed to
structure along a direction is the dimension at its base, provide ductile behaviour and comply with the
in meters, along that direction. requirements given in IS 4326 as well as IS 13920 or
IS 800 (limit state design).
4.3 Centre of Mass The point through which the
resultant of the masses of a system acts. This point 4.15 Number of Storey (n) Number of storey of a
corresponds to the centre of gravity of masses of structure is the number of levels above the base. This
system. excludes the basement storey, where basement walls
are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted
4.4 Centre of Stiffness The point through which
between the structure columns. But, it includes the
the resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts.
basement storeys, when they are not so connected.
4.5 Design Eccentricity ( edi ) It is the value of
4.16 Principal Axes Principal axes of a structure
eccentricity to be used at floor i in torsion calculations
are generally two mutually perpendicular horizontal
for design.
directions in plan of a structure along which the
4.6 Design Seismic Base Shear ( VB ) It is the total geometry of the structure is oriented.
design lateral force at the base of a structure.
4.17 P-Δ Δ Effect It is the secondary effect on shears
4.7 Diaphragm It is a horizontal or nearly and moments of frame members due to action of the
horizontal system, which transmits lateral forces to the vertical loads, interacting with the lateral displacement
vertical resisting elements, for example, reinforced of structure resulting from seismic forces.
concrete floors and horizontal bracing systems.
4.18 Shear Wall It is a wall designed to resist lateral
4.8 Dual System Structures with dual system forces acting in its own plane.
consist of shear walls (or braced frames) and moment
4.19 Soft Storey It is one in which the lateral
resisting frames such that,
stiffness is less than 60 percent of that in the storey
a) the two systems are designed to resist the total above or less than 70 percent of the average lateral
design lateral force in proportion to their stiffness of the three storey above.
lateral stiffness considering the interaction of
4.20 Static Eccentricity ( esi ) It is the distance
the dual system at all floor levels: and
between centre of mass and centre of rigidity of floor i.
b) the moment resisting frames are designed to
independently resist at least 25% of the design 4.21 Storey It is the space between two adjacent
base shear. floors.
4.9 Height of Floor ( hi ) It is the difference in 4.22 Storey Drift It is the displacement of one level
levels between the base of the structure and that of relative to the other level above or below.
floor i. 4.23 Storey Shear ( Vi ) It is the sum of design
4.10 Height of Structure ( h ) It is the difference lateral forces at all levels above the storey under
in levels between its base and its highest level. consideration.
4.11 Horizontal Bracing System It is a horizontal 4.24 Weak Storey It is one in which the storey
truss system that serves the same function as a lateral strength is less than 70 percent of that in the
diaphragm. storey above. The storey lateral strength is the total
strength of all seismic force resisting elements sharing
4.12 Joint It is the portion of the column that is the storey shear in the considered direction
common to other members, for example, beams framing
into it. 4.25 Combined Structures A structure with lateral
load resisting elements constructed from a combination
4.13 Lateral Force Resisting Element It is part of reinforced/pre-stressed concrete and structural steel.
of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces.
5 SYMBOLS
4.14 Moment-Resisting Frame It is a frame in
which members and joints are capable of resisting Symbols and notations applicable to both Section 1
forces primarily by flexure. and Section 2 are given as under:
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6.1.1 The characteristics (intensity, duration, etc) of In steel structures, members and their connections
seismic ground vibrations expected at any location should be so proportioned that high ductility is
depends upon the magnitude of earthquake, its depth obtained, as specified in IS 800, avoiding premature
of focus, distance from the epicentre, characteristics failure due to elastic or inelastic buckling of any type.
of the path through which the seismic waves travel, 6.1.4 The design force specified in this standard shall
and the soil strata on which the structure stands. The be considered in each of the two principal horizontal
random earthquake ground motion, which causes the directions of the structure and in vertical direction.
structures to vibrate, can be resolved in any three
mutually perpendicular directions. The predominant 6.1.5 Equipment and other systems, which are
direction of ground vibration is horizontal. supported at various floor levels of the structure, shall
be subjected to motions corresponding to vibration at
Earthquake generated vertical inertia forces are to be their support points. In important cases, it may be
considered in design unless checked and proven to be necessary to obtain floor response spectra for analysis
not significant. Vertical acceleration should be and design of equipment for example containers /
considered in structures with large spans, those in vessels of hazardous or toxic materials/solids, liquids
which stability is a criterion for design, or for overall or gasses, shall be analysed using applicable floor
stability analysis of structures. Reduction in gravity response spectra.
force due to vertical component of ground motions can
be particularly detrimental in cases of pre-stressed 6.2 Assumptions
horizontal members and of cantilevered members.
The following assumptions are to be made in the
Hence, special attention should be paid to the effect of
earthquake resistant design of structures:
vertical component of the ground motion on pre-
stressed or cantilevered beams, girders and slabs. a) Earthquake causes impulsive ground motions,
Wherever necessary, the span to effective depth ratios which are complex and irregular in character,
shall be modified as per IS 456. changing in period and amplitude each lasting
for a small duration. Therefore, resonance of
6.1.2 The response of a structure to ground vibrations
is a function of the nature of foundations, soil, the type as visualized under steady-state
materials, form, size and mode of construction of sinusoidal excitations shall not occur, as it
structures; and the duration and characteristics of would need time to build up such amplitudes.
ground motion. This standard specifies design forces NOTE Exceptional, resonance-like conditions have
for structures standing on rocks or soils, which do not been seen to occur between long distance waves and
settle, liquefy or slide due to loss of strength during tall structures founded on deep soft soils.
vibrations. b) Earthquake is not likely to occur
6.1.3 The design approach adopted in this standard is simultaneously with maximum wind or
to ensure that structures possess minimum strength to maximum flood or maximum sea waves.
withstand minor earthquakes (<DBE) that occur c) The value of elastic modulus of materials,
frequently, without damage; resist moderate wherever required, may be taken as for static
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analysis unless a more definite value is to be taken as minimum for strength design of structures
only. However, for structures with interconnected equipment
available for use in such condition (see IS 456,
at one or more levels, where displacement is a governing
IS 800 and IS 1343). parameter, use of site specific spectra shall be the governing
criteria.
6.3 Increase in Permissible Stresses
7.2 For all other projects, where site-specific studies
6.3.1 Increase in Permissible Stresses in Materials
are not carried out, the standard (this code) specific
When earthquake forces are considered along with spectra multiplied with zone factor as per 7.3.2 shall
other normal design forces, the permissible stresses in be considered as design spectra.
material, in the working stress method of design, may NOTES
be increased by one-third. However, for steels having 1 Zone factors are given in Annex A.
a definite yield stress, the stress shall be limited to the 2 Standard specific spectra is given in Annex B.
yield stress, for steels without a definite yield point,
the stress shall be limited to 80 percent of the ultimate 7.3 Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
strength or 0.2 percent proof stress, whichever is
smaller; and that in pre-stressed concrete members, the The horizontal seismic coefficient Ah shall be obtained
tensile stress in the extreme fibers of the concrete may using the period T, described as under.
be permitted so as not to exceed two-thirds of the 7.3.1 When using site specific spectra for DBE, the
modulus of rupture of concrete. seismic coefficient shall be calculated from the
6.3.2 Increase in Allowable Pressures in Soils expression:
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a) Category 1 Structures whose failure can Typical categorization of industrial structures is given
cause conditions that can lead directly or in Table 6.
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Table 2 Earthquake Force Estimation, Method of Analysis and Design for Various
Categories of Structures
(Clause 8.2.4)
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In the limit state design of reinforced and pre-stressed NOTE — The combination procedures of 8.3.2.1.1 and 8.3.2.1.2
apply to the same response quantity (say, moment in a column
concrete structures, the following load combinations
about its major axis, or storey shear in a frame) due to different
shall be accounted for: components of the ground motion. These combinations are to
be made at the member force/stress levels.
a) 1.5 (DL + SIDL + IL)
b) 1.2 (DL + SIDL + IL ± EL) 8.4 Seismic Weight
c) 1.5 (DL + SIDL ± EL) 8.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floor
d) 1.5 (0.6 DL ± EL) Seismic weight of each floor is its full Dead Load (DL)
NOTE — Imposed load (IL) in load combination shall not + Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) + appropriate
include erection load and crane payload. amount of Imposed Load (IL). Weight of piping, cable
8.3.2.1 In case of industrial structures, the plan wise trays, any other such utility that runs across the floors
distribution of mass and stiffness of the structural system shall be included in the seismic weight of upper and
may or may not be symmetrical about two lateral lower floors using law of statics.
directions that is, X and Y directions (Z axis being 8.4.2 Seismic Weight of Structure
vertical). When responses from the three earthquake Seismic weight of structure is sum of seismic weight
components are to be considered, the response due to of each floor.
each component may be combined as under.
8.5 Importance Factor ( I )
8.3.2.1.1 Where the plan wise distribution of mass and
stiffness of the structural system is not symmetrical about It is relative importance assigned to a structure to take
two lateral (X and Y) directions, the response due to into account consequences of its damage. Importance
each component may be combined using the assumption factors for structures in different categories are given
that when the maximum response from one component in Table 3. Higher importance factor may however be
occurs, the responses from the other two components assigned to different structures at the discretion of the
are 30 percent of the corresponding maximum. project authorities.
All possible combinations of the three components Table 3 Importance Factor I for Various
(ELx, ELy, ELz) including variations in sign (plus or Categories of Industrial structures
minus) shall be considered. Thus, the response due to (Clause 8.5)
earthquake force (EL) is the maximum of the following
cases: Sl Categories of Structures Importance Factor1)
No. (see 8.1) I
EL x ± 0.3EL y ± 0.3ELz (1) (2) (3)
EL = EL y ± 0.3EL x ± 0.3ELz i) Category 1 2.00
ELz ± 0.3EL x ± 0.3EL y ii) Category 2 1.50
iii) Category 3 1.25
iv) Category 4 1.00
As an alternative to the procedure in 8.3.2.1, the 1)
Whenever structures are analyzed for site specific spectra
response (EL) due to the combined effect of the three corresponding to MCE, importance factor shall be considered
components can be obtained on the basis of square as unity for all structures.
root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), that is
8.5.1 Categorization of individual structure and
(
( EL ) 2 ± EL ) ± ( EL )
2 2
EL = components applicable to all typical industries are
x y z given in Table 6.
8.3.2.1.2 Where the plan wise distribution of mass and 8.6 Response Reduction factor (R)
stiffness of the structural system is symmetrical about
two lateral directions that is X and Y directions, the Response reduction factor, R takes into account the
structure shall be designed for the effects due to full margins of safety, over strength redundancy and
design earthquake load in one horizontal direction at a ductility of the structure. For industrial structures,
time. response reduction factor is given in Table 4. These
factors shall be used only for steel and RCC structures/
Thus, the response due to earthquake force (EL) is the support structures and not for design of equipment.
maximum of the following cases: For equipment (I/R) = 1 is recommended.
Table 4 Response Reduction Factor1), R for and stiffness of the structures as well as mass of
Industrial Structures equipment, cable trays and piping system along with
(Clause 8.6) associated accessories. Fifty percent (50 percent) of
the imposed load shall also be included as suitably
Sl Lateral Load Resisting System R distributed mass on the structure.
No. (2) (3)
(1) 9.1.1 Soil-Structure Interaction
i) Building frame systems:
a) Ordinary RC moment - Resisting frame 3.0
The soil-structure interaction refers to the effects of
(OMRF)2) the supporting foundation medium on the motion of
b) Special RC moment - Resisting frame 5.0 structure. The soil-structure interaction may not be
(SMRF)3) considered in the seismic analysis for structures
c) Steel frame :
1) with concentric braces 4.0 supported on rock or hard soil or rock-like material
2) with eccentric braces 5.0 (N > 50, Vs = 760 m/s).
3) Special moment resisting frame designed 3.0
as per IS 800 without ductile detailing 9.2 Interaction Effects between Structure and
4) Steel special concentric braced frame 4.5
designed as per IS 800 (limit state Equipment
design)
ii) Building with shear walls4):
Interaction effects between structure (primary system)
a) Load bearing masonry wall buildings5): and equipment (secondary system), for Categories 2,
1) Un-reinforced 1.5 3 and 4 structures, shall be considered as per 9.2.1 and
2) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands 2.5
3) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands 3.0
for Category 1 structures as per 9.2.2.
and vertical bars at corners of rooms 9.2.1 For Category 2, 3 and 4 structures, interaction
and jambs of openings
b) Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls6) 3.0 effects between structure and equipment shall be
c) Ductile shear walls7) 4.0 considered as under:
iii) Buildings with dual systems 8):
a) Ordinary shear wall with OMRF 3.0 For the purpose of this clause, the following notations
b) Ordinary shear wall with SMRF 4.0 shall be used:
c) Ductile shear wall with OMRF 4.5
d) Ductile shear wall with SMRF 5.0 MS = total mass of the primary system (structural
1)
The values of response reduction factors are to be used for system) on which the secondary system is
structures with lateral load resisting elements, and not just for supported,
the lateral load resisting elements built in isolation.
MR = total mass of all the equipment that are
2)
OMRF are those designed and detailed as per IS 456 or IS 800
(see 4.15.1). rigidly mounted at different locations in the
3)
SMRF has been defined in 4.15.2. structure, and
4)
Buildings with shear walls also include buildings having shear MF = total mass of all the equipment that are
walls and frames, but where: flexible mounted (on isolators) at different
a) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads, or locations in the structure.
b) frames are designed to carry lateral loads but do not
fulfill the requirements of ‘Dual-System’. 9.2.1.1 Wherever equipment are rigidly fastened to the
floor, the equipment mass (MR) shall be taken as lumped
5)
Reinforcement should be as per IS 4326.
mass at appropriate locations. No interaction between
6)
Prohibited in Zones IV and V.
the structures and equipment shall be considered.
7)
Ductile shear walls are those designed and detailed as per IS
13920. 9.2.1.2 For flexible mounted equipment, if
8)
Buildings with dual systems consist of shear walls (or braced
frames) and moment resisting frames such that, MF
a) the two systems are designed to resist the total design < 0.25 no interaction between the structures
force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering
Ms + M R
the interaction of the dual system at all floor levels; and equipment shall be considered. In such a case MF
and should be considered as lumped mass at appropriate
b) the moment resisting frames are designed to locations (decoupled analysis).
independently resist at least 25 percent of the design
seismic base shear.
MF
9.2.1.3 If ≥ 0.25 interaction between the
Ms + M R
equipment shall include all elements of the lateral isolators (Flexible mount for support of equipment)
force-resisting system. The model shall also include and the structure shall be considered by suitably
the stiffness and strength of elements, which are modeling the isolators support system while
significant to the distribution of forces. The model shall considering the equipment as lumped mass (coupled
properly represent the spatial distribution of the mass analysis).
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9.2.2 For Category 1 structures, decoupling criteria as Detailed analysis (see 10.1) shall be carried out for,
given in Annex C shall be used for the interaction
a) structures of Category 1, in all Seismic Zones.
effects between primary system (structure) and
secondary system (equipment). b) structures of Category 2 in Seismic Zones III,
IV and V.
9.3 Time Period Estimation
c) structures of Category 3 in Seismic Zones IV
The time period of different industrial structures would and V.
vary considerably depending upon structural Simplified analysis (see 10.2) shall be carried out for,
configuration, height of the structure, soil conditions and
appropriate percent of imposed load. Any generalized 1) structures of Category 2 in Seismic Zones II.
formulae, for time period evaluation, may not cover all 2) structures of Category 3 in Seismic Zones II
such structures and may lead to erroneous results in and III.
certain cases. Hence, no simple guidelines can be given 3) structures of Category 4 in all Seismic Zones.
for estimation of time period of industrial structures.
NOTE Those Category 4 structures, which could be
NOTES identified as buildings, may as well be analyzed in accordance
1 Formulae given in IS 1893 (Part 1), for estimation of time with the provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1).
period for buildings (see 7.6) are not applicable for Industrial
structures Table 5 Damping Ratio coefficients for Different
2 There is no need to increase base shear, VB/VB for industrial Construction Materials
structures.
(Clause 9.4)
9.3.1 The time period shall be estimated based on
Eigen-value analysis of the structural mathematical Sl Material DBE MCE
No.
model developed in accordance with 9.1 and 9.2.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
9.3.2 For preliminary design, the time period can be i) Aluminium 0.02 0.04
established based on its static deflection under mass ii) Steel 0.02 0.04
proportional loading in each of the three principal iii) Reinforced concrete 0.05 0.07
iv) Pre-stressed concrete 0.03 0.05
directions. The structure is analysed by applying a force v) Water and other liquids (contained in tanks) 0.005 0.005
equal to the weight of the structure/equipment at each vi) Granular materials contained in tanks 0.10 0.10
corresponding node in X, Y or Z direction (one at a
NOTES
time) and corresponding deflection δ is evaluated in
1 For combined structures, damping ratio coefficient shall be
X, Y and Z direction. Where the founding soil is soft
determined based on well established procedures, if a composite
soil, the effect of the same shall also be considered in damping ratio coefficient is not evaluated, it shall be taken as
the model for estimates for static deflection. that corresponding to material having lower damping.
2 For other liquids in sloshing mode, specific literature may
The time period T, would then be: be referred.
3 Structure/equipment resting directly on soil, above damping
δ may be enhanced appropriately.
T = 2π s
g 4 For equipment, storage tanks and piping system reference
may be made to specialist literature for damping.
Where δ is the maximum value of deflection of the
structure out of δx , δy , δz and g is acceleration due to
gravity in the corresponding unit. 10.1 Detailed Analysis
Detailed analysis (Dynamic analysis) may be
9.4 Damping
performed either by the time history analysis method
The damping factor to be used in determining spectral or by response spectrum analysis method.
acceleration coefficient (S a /g) depends upon the
material and type of construction of the structure and 10.1.1 Time-History Analysis Method
the strain level. The recommended damping factors are Non-linear time-history analysis of structures subjected
given in Table 5. to seismic loads shall be performed for study of safety
10 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS against collapse. For generation of floor response
spectra for use in design of secondary systems like
Dynamic analysis shall be performed for the three piping, equipment supports, etc, time history analysis
orthogonal (two horizontal and one vertical) components shall be performed for DBE using linear analysis
of earthquake motion resulting in evaluation of technique. The analysis shall be based on well-
earthquake loads ELx, ELy, ELz on the structure. The established procedures. Both, direct solutions of the
influence of P Δ effect (see 10.3) as well as Torsion equations of motion or modal superposition method,
(see 10.4) shall also be included in the analysis. can be used for this purpose.
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10.1.3 Sufficiently large number of modes shall be used a) If the structure does not have closely-spaced
for both time history as well as response spectrum modes, then the peak response quantity (λ)
analysis to include the influence of at least 90 percent due to all modes considered shall be obtained
of the total seismic mass. The modal seismic mass shall as:
be calculated as per the provisions of 10.1.4. r
∑ (λ )
2
=λ k
10.1.4 Modal Mass k =1
where
The modal mass Mk in mode ‘k’ is given as:
λk = absolute value of response quantity, in mode
2
n k; and
∑ Wi φ ik r = number of modes being considered
Mk = in=1
b) If the structure has a few closely-spaced
g ∑ Wi ( φ ik )
2
i =1
modes (see 3.1), then the peak response
quantity λ * due to these modes shall be
where obtained as :
g = acceleration due to gravity,
φik = mode shape coefficient at floor i, in mode k,
λ* = ∑λ c
c
ωj 10.3 P – ∆ Effect
β = frequency ratio =
ωi Structures in all categories and in all zones shall be
analysed to take into account the influence of P – ∆
ωj = circular frequency, in jth mode; and effect.
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∑W δ i i
Sl No. Material For Design
Earthquake
Γδ = i =1
s (1) (2) (3)
∑W δ
2
i i i) Steel 0.05
i =1
ii) Reinforced concrete 0.05
iii) Brick masonry and plain concrete 0.07
where
Wi = weight lumped at i th location with the 16 HORIZONTAL SEISMIC FORCE
weights applied simultaneously with the
force applied horizontally, Using the period T, as indicated in 14, the horizontal
seismic coefficient Ah shall be obtained from the
δi = lateral static deflection under its own lumped
spectrum given in Fig. 1.
weight at i th location (chimney weight
lumped at 10 or more locations), The equivalent static lateral loads shall be determined
from design acceleration spectrum value Ah, calculated
n = Number of locations of lumped weight, and
from the following equation (for site specific spectra
g = Acceleration due to gravity. (see 7.3.1) or standard specific spectra (see 7.3.2), as
NOTES the case may be using time period T from 14.1 or 14.2.
1 Any elastic analysis procedure like moment area theorem or Sa I
matrix method may be used for determining the lateral static For site specific spectra : Ah =
deflection d value. g R
2 For determining the time period of vibration of structures
resting on frames or skirts like bins, silos, hyperbolic cooling Z Sa I
For standard specific spectra : Ah =
towers, refinery columns, only the formula given at 14.2 should 2 g R
be used. Approximate methods may be adopted to estimate
the lateral stiffness of the frame or skirt in order to determine
the lateral static deflection. Dynamic response spectrum modal
The horizontal earthquake force shall be assumed to
analysis will be necessary in such cases. act alone in one lateral direction at a time.
The effects due to vertical component of earthquakes
Table 7 Values of CT and Cv are generally small and can be ignored. The vertical
(Clauses 14.1 and 17.1) seismic coefficient where applicable may be taken as
2/3 of horizontal seismic coefficient, unless evidence
Sl k = h/re Coefficient Cv Coefficient of factor larger than above is available.
No. Cv
The effect of earthquake and maximum wind on the
(1) (2) (3) (4)
structure shall not be considered simultaneously.
i) 5 14.4 1.02
ii) 10 21.2 1.12 Table 9 Importance Factor (I) Applicable to
iii) 15 29.6 1.19 Stack Like Structures
iv) 20 38.4 1.25
v) 25 47.2 1.30 (Clauses 7.3.2 and 16)
vi) 30 56.0 1.35 Sl Type of Structure Category Importance
vii) 35 65.0 1.39 No. Factor
viii) 40 73.8 1.43 I
ix) 45 82.8 1.47 (1) (2) (3) (4)
x) 50 or more 1.8 k 1.50
i) Reinforced concrete ventilation 2 1.5
NOTES stacks
ii) Reinforced concrete chimneys 2 1.5
1 k = slenderness ratio, and iii) Reinforced brick masonry chimney 2 1.5
2 re= radius of gyration of the structural shell at the base section for industry
iv) Un-reinforced brick masonry 4 1.0
chimney for industry
15 DAMPING v) Reinforced concrete T.V. towers 2 1.5
vi) Electric/traffic light poles 4 1.0
The damping factor to be used in determining Sa /g vii) Steel stack 2 1.5
depends upon the material and type of construction of viii) Silos 2 1.5
the structure and the strain level. The following NOTE — The values of importance factor, (I) given in this
damping factors are recommended as guidance for table are for guidance. The designer may choose suitable values
different materials for fixed base condition and are depending on the importance based on economy, strategy and
other considerations.
given in the Table 8.
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Table 11 Digitized Moment and Shear Distribution Factors Dm and Dv Along the Height
(Clauses 17.1)
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where
G = shear modulus of foundation soil = ρVs2 ,
Vs = shear wave velocity of the medium,
ρ = soil density
r0 = radius of circular raft foundation,
υ = poisson’s ratio of soil,
n = number of piles,
Ep = modulus of elasticity of pile material,
Im = moment of inertia of pile section,
T1 = characteristic length of pile,
d = thickness of pile cap or raft, and
ηh = modulus of sub-grade reaction of soil in horizontal direction.
NOTES
1 For rectangular foundation effective radius r0 = ab may be taken, where a and b are the dimension of the rectangular foundation.
2 For N values > 50, fixed base condition may be assumed.
3 Classification of soil shall be as per IS 1893 (Part 1).
4 When soil structure interaction effects are to be considered; shear wave velocities are to be determined by suitable methods.
shell), lining mass and foundation modeling (that is NOTE — Minimum number of elements should be adequate
to ensure that the model represent the frequencies up to 33 Hz.
foundation stiffness, soil deformations). The number
of elements should be such as to capture the variation 18 SPECIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
of stiffness and mass of the system. A minimum of ten REINFORCED CONCRETE STACKS
beam elements should in general be sufficient. For axi-
symmetric structures axi-symmetric finite elements 18.1 The total vertical reinforcement shall not be less
shall be used. than 0.25 percent of the concrete area. When two layers
of reinforcement are required, the outside vertical
In case of chimneys, no stiffness is considered to be reinforcement shall not be less than 50 percent of the
provided by the lining, however, the mass of lining reinforcement.
above any corbel is assumed to be lumped at the corbel
level. 18.2 The total circumferential reinforcement shall not
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be less than 0.20 percent of the concrete area. When additional reinforcement shall be placed having an area
two layers of reinforcement are required, the at least equal to one-half the established design
circumferential reinforcement in each face shall not be circumferential reinforcement interrupted by the
less than 0.1 percent of the concrete area at the section. opening.
18.3 The circumferential reinforcement for a distance One half of this extra reinforcement shall extend
of 0.2 times diameter of the chimney (from top of the completely around the circumference of the chimney,
chimney) shall be twice the normal reinforcement. and the other half shall extend beyond the opening to
a sufficient distance to develop the bars in bond. The
18.4 Extra reinforcement shall have to be provided in
steel shall be placed as close to the opening as
addition to the reinforcement determined by design at
practicable, but within a height not to exceed twice the
the sides, top, bottom and corners of the openings. The
thickness.
extra reinforcement shall be placed on both faces of
the chimney shell as close to the opening as proper 18.7 Deflection Criterion
spacing of bars shall permit. Unless otherwise
The maximum lateral deflection of the top of a stack-
specified, all extra reinforcement shall extend past the
like structure under all service conditions, prior to the
opening a sufficient distance to develop the full bond
application of load factors, shall not exceed the limits
strength.
set forth by the following equation:
18.5 At each side of the opening, the additional vertical
Dmax = 0.005 h
reinforcement shall have an area at least equal to the
established design reinforcement for one-half of the where
width of the opening. Dmax = maximum lateral deflection, and
18.6 At both the top and bottom of each opening, h = height of structure above the base.
ANNEX A
(Clause 7.3.2)
Table 15 Multiplying Factors for Obtaining Values of Zone Factor Z for Other Damping Ratios
Damping Percent 0 0.5 1.0 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30
Factors 3.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.55 0.5
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ANNEX B
(Clause 16)
DESIGN SPECTRUM
FIG. 1 RESPONSE S PECTRA FOR ROCK AND SOIL FOR 5 PERCENT DAMPING
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ANNEX C
(Clause 9.2.2)
C-0 For Category 1 structures, decoupling criteria as output motions from the first analysis as input at the
given below shall be used for the interaction effects points of connectivity.
between primary system (structure) and secondary
C-7 For applying the criteria of this section to have a
system (equipment).
modal mass greater than 20 percent of the total system
C-1 For the purpose of this clause, the following mass, the total system mass is defined by:
notations shall be used.
m
∑(Γ )
2
=
M
φ × M ×Ub
T
j j =1
j
Γj = th
φ × M × φ j = Participation factor for j mode
T
j
C-8 When detailed analysis is to be carried out for
where structures with equipment attached at a single point,
M = mass matrix of the structural system. the coupling criteria shown in Fig. 2 shall be used.
The mass ratio in Fig. 2 is the modal mass ratio
φj = jth normalized mode shape.
computed as per section C-9 and the frequency ratio is
φjTMφj = 1 the ratio of uncoupled modal frequencies of the
Ub = Influence vector (displacement vector) of the secondary and primary systems.
structural system when the base is displaced
C-9 For a secondary system dominant mode and the
by unity in the direction of earthquake
primary system mode i, the modal mass ratio can be
motion.
estimated by:
C-2 All combinations of the dominant secondary
system modes and the dominant primary system modes Ms
mri =
must be considered and the most restrictive M pi
combination shall be used.
where
C-3 Coupled analysis of primary structure and secondary
system shall be performed when the effects of interaction 2
1
are significant based on sections C-9 and C-10. M pi =
φci
C-4 Coupling is not required, if the total mass of the
equipment or secondary system is 1 percent or less of φci = mode vector value from the primary
the mass of the supporting primary structure. However, system’s modal displacement at the location
the requirements of section C-10 regarding the multiple where the secondary system is connected,
supports should be considered. from the ith normalized modal vector, (φci),
C-5 In applying sections C-9 and C-10, one sub- φciT Mpφci = 1
system at a time may be considered, unless the Mp = mass matrix of the primary system; and
subsystems are identical and located together, in which Ms = total mass of the secondary system.
case the subsystem masses shall be lumped together.
C-10 Multi-support secondary system shall be
C-6 When coupling is required, a detailed model of reviewed for the possibility of interaction of structure
the equipment or secondary system is not required, and equipment stiffness between the support points,
provided that the simple model adequately represents and for the effect of equipment mass distribution
the major effects of interaction between the two parts. between support points. When these effects can
When a simple model is used, the secondary system significantly influence the structure response, reference
shall be re-analyzed in appropriate detail using the shall be made to specialized literature.
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FIG. 2 DECOUPLING CRITERIA FOR EQUIPMENT ORSECONDARY SYSTEM WITH SINGLE P OINT ATTACHMENT TO THE
PRIMARY SYSTEM
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ANNEX D
( Clause 7.3.2 )
BASIC HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS FOR SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS
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ANNEX E
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39
Organization Representative(s)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee DR D. K. PAUL (Chairman)
Association of Consulting Civil Engineers, Bangalore SHRI SANDEEP SHIRKHEDKAR
DR. ASWATH M U (Alternate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai SHRI L. R. BISHNOI
SHRI ROSHAN A. D. (Alternate)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, New Delhi SHRI RAVI KUMAR
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, SHRI J. K. PRASAD
New Delhi SHRI PANKAJ GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER (CDO)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (D) II (Alternate)
Central Soils and Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI NRIPENDRA KUMAR
DR MANISH GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR, CMDD (E & NE)
DIRECTOR, EMBANKMENT (Alternate)
Creative Design Consultants Pvt Ltd, Ghaziabad SHRI AMAN DEEP
SHRI BARJINDER (Alternate)
CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR N AVJEEV SAXENA
DR AJAY CHAURASIA (Alternate)
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad DR M. RAVI KUMAR
DR N. PURANCHANDRA RAO (Alternate)
CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai DR K. MUTHUMANI
DR N. GOPALAKRISHNAN (Alternate)
DDF Consultants Pvt Ltd, New Delhi DR (SHRIMATI) PRATIMA R. BOSE
SHRI SADANAND OJHA (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi SHRI A. K. DIXIT
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, New Delhi BRIG B. D. PANDEY
SHRI RAVI SINHA (Alternate)
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi MS ILA DASS
DR G G SRINIVAS ACHARY (Alternate)
Gammon India Limited, Mumbai SHRI V. N. HEGGADE
SHRI ANAND DESAI (Alternate)
Geological Survey of India, Lucknow SHRI K.C. JOSHI
Housing & Urban Development Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRI SAMIR MITRA
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai DR A. R. SANTHAKUMAR
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai DR RAVI SINHA
DR ALOK GOYAL (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur DR C. V. R. MURTY
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur DR DURGESH C. RAI
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai DR A. MEHER PRASAD
DR. RUPEN GOSWAMI (Alternate I)
DR ARUN MENON (Alternate II)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee PROF ASHOK JAIN
DR MANISH SHRIKHANDE (Alternate I)
DR ASHOK MATHUR (Alternate II)
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar DR S. K. JAIN
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad DR P RADEEP KUMAR RAMANCHARLA
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Organization Representative(s)
Indian Meterological Department, New Delhi SHRI DAL SINGH
SHRI H. S. MANDAL (Alternate)
Indian Road Congress, New Delhi SECRETARY GENERAL
DIRECTOR (Alternate)
Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee PROF H. R. WASON
PROF M. L. SHARMA (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, New Delhi BRIG SANDEEP RAWAT
LT COL GAURAV KAUSHIK (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh SHRI V. V. ARORA
National Thermal Power Corporation, Noida DR PRAVEEN KHANDELWAL
SHRI SAURABH GUPTA (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai SHRI ARVIND SHRIVASTAVA
SHRI RAGUPATI ROY (Alternate)
Research, Design and Standards Organization, Lucknow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (B&S)
DIRECTOR (B&S)/SB-I (Alternate)
RITES Limited, Gurgaon GROUP GENERAL MANAGER (CED)
Risk Management Solutions Inc (RMSI), Noida SHRI SUSHIL GUPTA
Tandon Consultants Pvt Limited, New Delhi DR MAHESH TANDON
SHRI VINAY K. GUPTA (Alternate)
Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai SHRI K. V. SUBRAMANIAN
SHRI B. B. GHARAT (Alternate)
Vakil-Mehta-Sheth Consulting Engineers, Mumbai MS ALPA R. SHETH
SHRI R. D. CHAUDHARI (Alternate)
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur DR O. R. JAISWAL
DR R. K. INGLE (Alternate)
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun DR RAJESH SHARMA
DR VIKRAM GUPTA (Alternate)
In personal capacity (174/2 F,Solanipram, Roorkee) DR S. K. THAKKAR
In personal capacity (36 Old Sneh Nagar, Wardha Raod, SHRI L. K. JAIN
Nagpur)
D-CAD Technologies, New Delhi DR K. G. BHATIA
In personal capacity (K-L/2 Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad) DR A. K. MITTAL
In personal capacity (L-802, Design Arch , e-Homes Sector-5, DR A. S. ARYA
Vaishali, Gaziabad)
BIS Directorate General SHRI B.K. SINHA, Scientist E & HEAD (CIVIL ENGG)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary
SHRI S. CHATURVEDI
Scientist F (CIVIL ENGG), BIS
and
SHRI S. ARUN K UMAR
SCIENTIST C (CIVIL ENGG), BIS
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BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
BIS Catalogue and Standards : Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 39 (7807).
(First Revision)
[Second cover page, foreword, para 4] — Substitute the following for the
existing para:
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Amendment No. 1 to IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
(Page 8, clause 7.4) — Substitute the following for the existing clause:
(Page 14, clause 10.4, para 2, line 1) — Insert ‘structures’ after the word
‘for’.
[Page 17, Table 7, col (3) heading] — Substitute ‘Coefficient CT’ for
‘Coefficient CV’.
[Page 17, Table 8] — Substitute the following for the existing table:
DBE MCE
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Steel 0.02 0.04
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Amendment No. 1 to IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
(Page 18, clause 17.1) — Substitute the following for the existing
expression for M:
‘ M = A h W t h Dm ’ W
(CED 39)
Publication Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
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(First Revision)
(Second cover page, foreword, para 3) — Insert the following new para at the end:
‘Part 1 contains general provisions that are applicable to all types of structures, and provisions that are specific
to buildings only. Unless stated otherwise, the provisions in Part 2 to Part 5 shall be read in conjunction with
the general provisions (clauses 1 to 6) of IS 1893 (Part 1).’
‘4.19 Soft Storey — It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than that in the storey above. The storey lateral
stiffness is the total stiffness of all seismic force resisting elements resisting lateral earthquake shaking effects in
the considered direction.’
‘4.24 Weak Storey — It is one in which the storey lateral strength [cumulative design shear strength of all
structural members other than that of unreinforced masonry (URM) infills] is less than that in the storey above.
The storey lateral strength is the total strength of all seismic force resisting elements sharing the lateral storey
shear in the considered direction.’
(Page 6, clause 6.1.1, para 2, first sentence) — Substitute the following for the existing:
‘Earthquake generated vertical inertia forces are to be considered in design, wherever appropriate.’
[Page 7, clause 7.3.1, expression for Ah)] — Substitute the following for the existing:
S I
Ah = a
g ss R
Sa
where is the site-specific spectral acceleration coefficient value denoting peak response acceleration
g
ss
corresponding to fundamental natural time period of structure.
Price Group 2
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Table 2 Earthquake Force Estimation, Method of Analysis and Design for Various Categories of
Structures
(Clause 8.2.4)
Seismic
Method of
Hazard Structural Structural
Damping Calculating II III IV V
Assessment Analysis Design
Natural Period
Method
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
i) 1 Site Specific / 5% (see 9.3; 14.1 a) Linear for Limit state 2.00 2.75 4.00 6.00
Standard for RC and 14.2) design, design as per
Specific Structures and IS 456 for RC;
Seismic and 2% for Modal analysis b) Non- and
Hazard steel with all linear time Design as per
Assessment as structures stiffnesses of history IS 800 for steel
per 7. the lateral as analysis for
(see 9.4 and well as vertical verification
15) load resisting of
members and mechanism
masses of the
building
modeled (For
preliminary
time period
estimation, see
9.3.2)
ii) 2 -do- -do- -do- Linear for -do- 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.50
Design
iii) 3 -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- 1.25 1.75 2.50 3.75
iv) 4 -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00
(Page 12, clause 9.3, Note 2) — Substitute the following for the existing note:
VB
‘2 There is no need to increase base shear, for industrial structures.’
VB
(Page 16, clause 14.2, Note 1, line 3) — Substitute ‘δ’ for ‘d’.
(Page 17, clause 16, para 3, expression of Ah) — Substitute the following for the existing:
(Page 18, clause 17.2, Title) — Substitute the following for the existing title:
(Page 18, clause 17.2, fourth sentence) – Substitute the following for the existing:
‘Detailed dynamic analysis shall be required where analysis is based on site-specific response spectrum.’
(Page 20, Annex A, Table 15, title) — Substitute ‘Spectral Acceleration Coefficient Sa/g’ for ‘Zone
Factor Z’.
(Page 20, Annex A, Table 15) — Insert the following note at the end:
‘NOTE — At time t = 0, the multiplying factor need not be applied, and the value is specified only for suitable interpolation between
time t = 0 and t = 0.1
(Page 21, Annex B, figure) — Substitute ‘To be used for fundamental mode (for fundamental natural
period)’ for ‘To be used for the first mode’.
(CED 39)
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