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Chemistry Forms 3-4 - 2
Chemistry Forms 3-4 - 2
Ionic bonding
Metallic bonding
7.1.5 The Mole concept Mole concept Percentage compositions
-Empirical and molecular formulae Molar
gas volume
7.1.6 Stoichiometry Chemical equations Percentage yield and purity
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7.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART
7.4.3 Water purification quality of water from different sources Purification of water
7.4.4 Herbs Herbs in health and agriculture
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5
FORM 3 SYLLABUS
8.1.1
8.1.0 LABORATORY
PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
CHEMISTRY
- gas syringes
- stop watch
6
8.2.0 MATTER
Matter state the three states States of matter Discussing states of Ice
of matter matter
explain the states of Kinetic theory Science Kit
matter using the Experimenting on the
Change of states of changes of states of
kinetic theory.
matter matter
explain the inter-
conversion of states Drawing and describing
Diffusion of matter
in terms of energy arrangement of particles in
and arrangement of solids, liquids and gases
particles Demonstrating diffusion
describe and explain using perfume, ammonia
diffusion and Hydrochloric acid,
potassium permanganate
NB: use of Bromine must be
7
EDGE)
8.3.1 Atomic Structure • describe the sub- atomic parti- • Atomic Structure • Drawing diagrams to illustrate • Atomic models
cles of an atom - Protons structure of atoms
8 - Electrons
- Neutrons
8.3 ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS CONTD..
8.3.2 Elements • represent elements using • Elements • Representing elements using • periodic tables
chemical symbols • Atomic Number chemical symbols and nuclide • models of elements
• use and interpret nuclide • Mass Number notation • text books
notation • Nuclide notation • Calculating number of protons, • ICT tools
• deduce the electronic config- • Electronic configuration of the electrons and neutrons from • Moulding clay/ plasticine
uration of an element from first 20 elements mass numbers and atomic num-
given data bers
• explain the concept of an • Isotopes • Drawing electronic structures of
isotope elements using dots and crosses
8.3.3 Chemical • describe the formation of • Valence Theory • Drawing dot and cross diagrams • Text books
bonding ionic bonds between metals • Ionic bonding to show ionic and covalent bond-
and a non-metals ing in the following:
• covalent bond - NaCl, MgO, Al2O3, • Molecular models
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8.5 STOICHIOMETRY
8.5.0 STOICHIOMETRY
9
8.5.1 Chemical Equations Write balanced chemical Balancing chemical Writing balanced chemical Science kits
equations equations equations
Calculating quantities
Determine limiting from given data
11
reagents from given data Limiting reagents
8.6 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
8.6.1 Properties • Identify properties of acids and • Acids, bases, pH scale, ac- • Experimenting to identify acidic • Science kit
of Acids and bases id-base indicators
Bases and basic substances • ICT tools
• classify oxides as acidic, basic • Calcium oxide, sodium oxide,
or amphoteric aluminium oxide, sulphur • acid-base indicators
trioxide, carbon dioxide, • Describing properties of acids • vinegar
nitrogen dioxide
and bases • lemons
• toothpaste
• ash
10
• household detergents
8.6.2 Preparation of • describe the methods of pre- • methods of preparing salts • preparing salts by reacting acids • Science kits
salts paring salts - neutralisation
- displacement with alkalis, carbonates, metals, • ICT tools and Braille/ Jaws
- precipitation
metal oxides software
8.7.1 Redox reac- • define oxidation and reduction • Redox reactions • Discussing redox reactions • Science kits
tions in terms of electron transfer I• CT tools and Braille/Jaws
and changes in oxidation software
number • Observing redox reactions
• identify oxidising and reducing • Describing redox reactions
agents
8.7.2 Cells and • identify the composition of a • Cells • Describing the composition of a • Science kits
batteries simple cell • Batteries simple cell • Lemon/dilute acids
• describe the electrode reac- - Electrolyte • Constructing of Zinc/Copper cell • Torch bilbs
tions in a simple cell -Electrodes • Examining a car battery • Car battery
• describe the composition and
maintenance of a lead- acid
11
batteries
8.7.3 Electrolysis • describe the electrolysis of • Electrolysis of acidified water • Constructing electrolytic cell • Science kit
acidified water • Discussing electrode reactions
of acidified water • Uses of hydrogen and oxygen
• identify the products of elec- • Testing for hydrogen and oxygen
trolysis of water and their • Formula for water gases
uses
• Calculating volume ratios of gases
• deduce the formula of water
from the ratio of volumes of
products
8.8 CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
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8.9 EQUILIBRIA
Haber (nitrogen
process process (nitrogen
and water, liquefaction
liquefaction and
and fractional Visiting
• Visiting sites
sites e.g.
e.g. Sable
Sable • Protective
Protectiveclothing
clothing
and hydrogen)
hydrogen) fractionalofdistillation
distillation air) of Chemicals
Chemicals • Chart with danger
Chart warning
with danger
explain the conditions
• explain the conditions for air) Making
• Making models
models of of
thethe signswarning signs
thefor the Haber
Haber process
process Haber
Haber process
process plant
plant • Ammonium
Ammonium nitrate fertiliser
nitrate
• Uses of ammonia Discussing
• Discussing thethe
usesusesof of • fertiliser
Household detergents
state
• state thethe uses
uses ammonia Uses of ammonia
of of ammonia
ammonia Household
ammonia Discussing
• Discussing possible
possible haz- detergents
• observe safety during site • Safety hazards of ammonia
ards of ammonia produc-
observe safety during
visits Safety production
tion
site visits Discussing
• Discussing environmen-
talenvironmental
impacts of ammoniaimpacts
• describe environmental • Impacts of ammonia produc- production
impacts of ammonia pro- tion on the environment
duction
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7.9 EQUILIBRIA CONTD..
to:
Contact process • identify sources of raw • Sources of raw materials • Discussing the production of sulphuric • Flow charts
materials for the contact (refer to production of cop- acid • Models
process per, iron and coal) • Visiting sites e.g. Zimphos • Protective clothing
• explain the conditions for • Contact process • Making models of the plant • Chart with danger warn-
the contact process • Discussing the uses of sulphuric acid ing signs
• describe the contact pro- • Uses of sulphuric acid • Discussing possible hazards of sul- • Ammonium sulphate
cess phuric acid production fertiliser
• state the uses of sulphuric • Impacts of sulphuric acid • Discussing environmental impacts of • Household detergents
acid production on the environ- sulphuric acid production
ment
• describe environmental
impacts of sulphuric acid
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production
Ostwald process • identify sources of raw • Sources of raw materials • Discussing the production of nitric acid • Flow charts
materials for the Ostwald (refer to Haber process) • Visiting sites e.g Sable Chemicals • Models
process • Oswald process • Making models of the plant • Protective clothing
• explain the conditions for • Discussing the uses of nitric acid • Charts with danger
the Oswald process warning signs
• describe the Ostwald pro- • Discussing possible hazards of nitric • Ammonium nitrate fer-
cess • Uses of nitric acid acid production tiliser
• state the uses of nitric acid • Discussing environmental impacts of • Pictures of explosives
nitric acid production • Resource persons
• describe environmental • Impacts of nitric acid
impacts of nitric acid pro- production on the environ-
duction ment
8.10 REACTION KINETICS
8.10.0 Rate of reac- • describe methods of measur- • Rate of reactions such as • Measuring rate of reactions e.g. using • Science kit
tions ing reaction rates changes in volume, mass, magnesium and hydrochloric acid, • ICT tools and Braille/
• deduce from graphs the rate colour with time sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric Jaws software
of reaction acid/ sulphuric acid
• calculate reaction rates from
given information
8.10.2 Factors • describe factors affecting • Factors affecting rate of • Experimenting on factors affecting rate • Science kit
affecting rate rate of reactions reactions of reaction • potato/ liver
of reactions - Temperature
- Concentration
- Surface area
- Catalyst
- Pressure
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- Stirring
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED RESOURC-
Learners should be able to: (Attitudes, Skills and Knowl- ES
edge)
8.11.2 Periodic • describe the change from • Periodic trends (refer to • Analysing the periodic table • Periodic tables
trends metallic to non-metallic char- electronic configuration) • Making a model of the periodic table
acter across a period
• explain the relationship
between number of electron
shells and the period
8.11.1 PERIODIC TABLE CONTD..
8.11.3 Group trends • describe the relationship • Group trends (refer to • Analysing the periodic table • Periodic tables
(group II and VII) between group number and electronic configuration) • Science kit
number of valence electrons • ICT tools and Braille/Jaws
• describe the reactions of • Experimenting on reaction of calcium software
magnesium, calcium and • Reactivity of group (II) and magnesium ribbon with cold water
barium with oxygen and elements • Discussing/simulating the reactions of
water group (II) elements
• Discussing/simulating the reactions of
group (VII) elements
• describe the trends in the
physical and chemical NB: Experiments involving pure bromine
properties of group (VII) • Trends in physical should be done in a fume cupboard
elements properties of group (VII) since it is poisonous
elements
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- Colour
- Physical state
- Volatility
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES
Learners should be able to: (Attitudes, Skills and
Knowledge)
8.12.1 Physical proper- • compare the physical • Physical properties • Collecting and classifying materials as • Samples of metals and
ties of metals and properties of metals and - Malleability metals or non-metals non-metals
non-metals non-metals - Ductility • Comparing the physical properties of
• Explain the differences in - Conductivity (ther- metals and non-metals
the physical properties of mal and electrical)
metals and non-metals - Melting and boiling
points
- Density
- Lustre
8.12.0 METALS AND NON- METALS CONTD..
8.12.2 Reactivity series • demonstrate practically the • Reactivity series • Listing of elements in order of reactivity • Science kit
reactivity of metals • Experimenting on reactions of metals
• arrange elements in order of with water and dilute acids
reactivity • Reacting zinc and copper (II) sulphate
solution
• Comparing the voltages of different
• use the reactivity series • Displacement reac- combinations of elements in a simple
to explain electroplating, tions (refer to elec- cell
electrolytic cells and metal trochemistry and
extraction metal extraction) NB: potassium, sodium and calcium
should be used in very small quantities
and never to be used with acids
Lime in agriculture and • describe the production of • Lime in Agriculture • Demonstrating Lime as a base • Science kit
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construction calcium oxide (lime) from and construction • Reacting lime with dilute acids
calcium carbonate (lime-
stone)
• explain the use of calcium
oxide in agriculture and
construction
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED RESOURCES
Learners should be able to: (Attitudes, Skills and
Knowledge)
8.13.2 Types of fuels • classify fuels according to • Classification of • Discussing the Classification of fuels • Wood
their physical states fuels • Charcoal
- Solid fuels • Ethanol
8.13 FUELS CONTD..
8.13.3 Production of fuels • describe the process of • Fermentation • Experimenting on pro- • Models of biogas
fermentation duction of fuels by: • Digester
• outline the fractional distilla- • Fractional distillation of - fermentation of carbohy- • Science kit
tion of crude oil petroleum drates • ICT Tools/ Braille/Jaws soft-
• Destructive distillation of - destructive distillation of ware
• describe the destructive coal and wood coal/ wood
distillation of coal and wood • Biodiesel production • Visiting sites e.g. Green
• describe the production of Fuels, Mutoko Jatropha
18
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED RESOURCES
Learners should be able to: (Attitudes, Skills and Knowl- ACTIVITIES
25 edge)
8.16.1 Composition of water • describe the composition of • Composition of water from • Colleting water samples • Water samples
from different sources water from different sources different sources such as from different sources • pH meter
dam, borehole, river and and analysing
8.16.0 WATER PURIFICATION CONTD..
FORM 4 SYLLABUS
8.17.0 FORM 4 SYLLABUS
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED RESOURCES
Learners should be able to: (Attitudes, Skills and Knowl- ACTIVITIES
edge)
8.17.2 Volumetric Analysis • carry out titration experi- • Acid-base titration • Assembling titration ap- • Science kit
ments • Moles paratus • ICT Tools and Braille/jaws
• complete titration tables • Concentration • Carrying out experiments software
• calculate moles and concen- on acid –base titrations
tration from titres
8.17.1 LABORATORY TECHNIQUES CONTD..
8.17.3 Separation Techniques • describe the principles of • Separation Techniques • Separating ethanol from • Fractional distillation appa-
fractional and steam distilla- - Fractional distillation water ratus
tion - Steam distillation • Carrying out steam • Plant material
• Chromatography distillation to produce
• Rf values perfumes and flavours
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Qualitative analysis • carry out tests to identify • Qualitative Analysis (Al3+, • Carrying out experiments • Science Kit
ions NH4+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, to identify cations and • Delivery tube
Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, anions(refer to qualitative • Lemon
Cl-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, analysis table )
CO32- N.B. Reagents must be 0.2
mol/dm3
• describe tests to identify • Tests for gases such as: • Testing for :
gases ammonia; carbon dioxide; - Oxygen
chlorine; hydrogen; oxygen - Hydrogen
and sulphur dioxide - Ammonia • Science kit
- Carbon dioxide
- Sulphur dioxide
8.18.0 MATTER
interpret heating and Heating and cooling Experimenting on heating Science kit
8.18.1 Heating and cooling cooling curves curves and cooling of ice, stearic ice
curves describe the effects of Melting and boiling acid, wax and naphthalene. .
impurities on boiling and points Drawing heating and
melting points Effects of impurities on cooling curves
melting and boiling Interpreting heating and
points cooling curves
8.19.2 Molar gas volume explain the concept of Molar gas volume Collecting and measuring Science kit
molar gas volume gases produced from
chemical reactions
use the molar gas Calculating volumes of
volume concept in gases
calculations. 29
N.B Use 24dm3/mole as molar
gas volume at rtp
8.20.0 STOICHIOMETRY
8.20.1 Percentage yield and Calculate percentage Percentage yield Experimenting on Science kit
purity purity and yield - actual yield, theoretical determining percentage
yield yield and purity
Explain the difference Percentage purity - Thermal decomposition
between actual and of calcium carbonate
theoretical yield. - destructive distillation of
coal and sawdust Wood, coal, sawdust
Calculating percentage
yields and purity
8.21.0 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
8.21.0 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
8.21.2 Electrolytic purification describe the electrolytic Electrolytic purification of Assembling the Science kit
of copper cell on production of copper electrolytic cell Resource persons
copper uses of copper and by - Analysing electroplating ICT tools and Braille/Jaws
products of the electrolytic Discussing the uses of software
process copper and by-products
Visiting sites e.g. Empress
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mine,
\
8.22.0
8.22.0 CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
calculate enthalpy
changes using the
relationship,
q = mc ∆T / VC∆T
8.23.0
8.23.0 EQUILIBRIA
EQUILIBRIA
24
8.24.1
8.24.1 PERIODIC TABLE
PERIODIC TABLE
8.25.0
8.25.0 METALS AND NON
METALS AND -NON
METALS
- METALS
25
beneficiation - Hwange
- Zimchem
8.25.4 Liquefaction and describe the liquefaction Composition of air Discussing the Flow charts
fractional distillation of air and fractional distillation of Liquefaction and fractional composition, liquefaction ICT tools and Braille/Jaws
air distillation of air and fractional distillation software
of air Resource persons
Uses of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Visiting sites e.g. sable
identify the uses of Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and noble chemicals, BOC gases
Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide gases Simulating using ICT
and noble gases tools and Braille/Jaws
software
8.26.0 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
8.26.1 FUELS
8.26.1 FUELS
to:
8.27.1 Isomerism describe the term structures of isomers discussing models
isomerism of alkanes up to 6 isomerism ICT tools and
identify structural carbon atoms making models of Braille/Jaws software
isomers of alkanes isomers of alkanes
draw the structures of simulating
the isomers isomerism
8.28.0 HYDROCARBONS
8.28.0 HYDROCARBONS
chemical properties of • Reaction with chlorine in cooking oil to demonstrate • Delivery tubes
alkanes as exemplified by the presence of UV light cracking
methane and in darkness • Hydrocarbons
• describe the chemical prop- • Reaction with bromine • Discussing the production
erties of alkenes as exempli- water of margarine and ethanol
fied by ethene • Reaction of ethene with
steam and hydrogen
8.29.0
8.29.0 ALCOHOLS
ALCOHOLS
8.29.1 Fermentation describe the conditions Conditions for Discussing conditions Glucose
necessary for the fermentation necessary for Yeast
fermentation process fermentation Sugarcane
describe the industrial Fermentation investigating the Malt, hops, maize,
production of ethanol by - ethanol conditions necessary for barley, rapoko, sorghum
fermentation - mahewu fermentation
- Indigenous beer visiting sites e.g.
brewing breweries, ethanol
production plants
8.29.2 properties of ethanol describe the properties Solubility Burning of ethanol Science kit
of ethanol Boiling point Testing for ethanol using
Combustion potassium dichromate
Oxidation to carboxylic Dehydrating ethanol
acids using concentrated
Dehydration of ethanol sulphuric acid
to ethene
describe the uses and Uses of ethanol Discussing the uses and
social effects of ethanol - Solvents social effects of using
- Fuels (blend petrol) ethanol
- Perfumes
- Alcoholic beverages
Social effects
8.30.0
8.30.0 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
8.31.0 POLYMERS
8.31.0 POLYMERS
8.31.2 Natural Polymers name the type of linkages Natural polymers Discussing structures of Science kit
in each of the polymers - Starch natural polymers
draw structures to - Proteins Drawing structures of
represent natural natural polymers
8.31.0 POLYMERS CONTD..
SUB TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED RESOURCES
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED
Learners should
Learners should be
be able
able to: ACTIVITIES
AND NOTES RESOURCES
to:
8.34.1 Water purification describe the process of Water purification Experimenting on Resource persons
large scale water - Filtration sedimentation and Models of Sand filters
purification - Flocculation filtration Water guard
- Sedimentation Visiting sites e.g. Aluminium sulphate
- Chlorination - Water works Chloride tablets
role of aluminium sulphate Discussing the roles of Potassium Chlorate (V)
explain the role of and chlorine aluminium sulphate and
aluminium sulphate and chlorine
chlorine in the treatment46 problems associated with
of water water purification
8.35.0 HERBS
48
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
8.0 ASSESSMENT
8.1 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
The scheme of assessment is grounded in the principle of inclusivity and equalisation of opportunities hence does not
condone direct or indirect discrimination of learners.
Modifications of arrangements to accommodate candidates with special needs must be put in place in both continu-
ous and summative assessments. These modifications must neither give these candidates an undue advantage over
others nor compromise the standards being assessed.
NB: For further details on arrangements, accommodations and modifications refer to the assessment procedure book-
let.
The three assessment objectives in ‘O’ Level Chemistry are:
1: Knowledge and understanding
2: Handling information and problem solving
3: Experimental skills, investigations and applications
1: Knowledge and understanding
Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
• scientific quantities and their determination
• scientific phenomena, facts, laws, definitions, concepts, theories
• scientific vocabulary, terminology, conventions (including symbols, quantities and units)
• scientific instruments and apparatus, including techniques of operation and aspects of safety
•scientific and technological applications with their social, economic and environmental implications.
2: Handling information, problem solving, synthesis, analysis and evaluation
Using words or other written forms of presentation (e.g. symbolic, graphical and numerical), candidates should be able
to:
• make predictions and hypotheses
• manipulate numerical and other data
• solve problems quantitatively and qualitatively.
• translate information from one form to another.
• use information to identify patterns, report trends and draw inferences.
• locate, select, organise and present information from a variety of sources.
• present reasoned explanations on phenomena, patterns and relationships.
3: Experimental skills, investigations and applications
Candidates should be able to:
• make and record observations and measurements
• interpret and evaluate experimental observations and data
• Use the knowledge of chemistry to solve everyday life challenges, acquire and enhance enterprising skills
• demonstrate correct use of techniques, apparatus, and materials (including following a sequence of instructions,
where appropriate)
• plan investigations, evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements (including the selection of techniques,
apparatus and materials).
.
33
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
8.2 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
The assessment scheme for Chemistry comprises of:
a) Continuous assessment, and
b) Summative assessment.
The final grade in Chemistry is 30% continuous assessment and 70% summative assessment.
The assessment shall be administered as follows:
Continuous Assessment/Profile
Summative assessment
- Paper 1: Multiple choice questions
- Paper 2: Structured theory questions
- Paper 3: Practical Examination
PAPER Type of paper Duration Marks Paper Weighting %
1 Multiple choice 1 hr 40 20
2 Theory 2 hrs 100 40
PAPER 1: THEORY: the paper consists of 40 compulsory multiple choice items of the direct choice type. A copy of the
periodic table will be printed as part of this paper. Each question shall have 4 response items.
PAPER 2: THEORY. The paper has 2 sections, Section A and B.
Section A will carry 40 marks and will consists of five compulsory structured questions of 8 marks each.
Section B carries 60 marks and will consist of 5 structured questions .Each question will carry 15 marks. Candidates
will be required to answer any 4 questions. A copy of the periodic table will be printed as part of this paper
PAPER 3: PRACTICAL TEST
This paper will consist of 2 compulsory questions each carrying 20 marks. Learners will be assessed as they carry out
the practical examination.
8.3 SPECIFICATION GRID
SKILL Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3
Knowledge and Understanding 15% 15%
Handling of information and Problem solving 40% 50%
Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation 45% 45%
Experimental, 100%
Investigative and application
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
Level Assessment Tasks Frequency Weighing
Form 3 • Practical test • 2 per term 10%
• Theory test • 3 per term
• Project • 1 per year
This component will consist of standardised tests in Practical, Theory and Projects administered during the first 5
terms.
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