eu ‘We now Shady Calcuiy of vector fields. Vécroa (©) 600 4M, March 1, 2010 (4) 6.00 4, March 1, 2010 Kic velocity vedas thats icdicabe the wmd speed and direction, Associated with eueny point in the [his We can imagine a wind Velecity Vector ar iS an exomple of a velocity veccor field. \Anctrar example of Velocity vector field is tre ocean currents: ‘@ buwes) abeOuey a102cree Figuor Necmor fields are furetions that are veccor yaived. Dernmow: het DSA’ (urere nz eor s) A vecor field on RR” is a Ametion F! D Vn, hn ints er Domain: Set uf points in RX Range | So of Vectors in Vr. Defines, Cuectse Field in RE) Lat D be a sok in RY (a plane vagion). A vertor field on RO is @ efmetion F aséig int (x,y) in D dimensional i Fy). ls picture a vector had The best way to picture O vector field ir to drow tre arrow repraenting the eur ECxy) Starting at the point Guy). Note rat it is impontible ty do fois for all points Gry) bur we may We dow representative points to In bi jon . + Fes) ty 2) Oe eH | se Vector Field on _fR Goce Féry) is @ tae-cimensiona) vector, wecan winteit in tems of comport firetions P amd Q as fellows? F@,y)= Pory) b + OGuy) =< Paw), @(xy)> = Pi + a lar forvoions of Oxo variables times Sea Is ieQjuish veka Feld.Deemnov: Cveecor field wR) het & teosucat in REN vector field on RS is a hinerion F tot _ dastigns & cock point (yt) in Ea thencrimensional vero FGty.2), Eteyz= Powe e+ Ouye)) + Rye). Noce As whim tre vase fyretiony , we can dofine continuity of a uecnor field Fand show erat Fis commons nly it i at fons BFE continvous ord inte FG) tnswead of Ft yz). The FF becomes a function tat assigns a veaor F (x) to avectur x, Kexmmoue i. A vercor Feid on AO is caginad by Fooy) yi +e) = <-y,n Deserbe £ by etching Some of tna. vesior we core t ey | Fey | oy | Fe» «9 | ©) | Cho | @-» @2 | ¢22 |]e2-9| @-2 69 | 9 | eo | @-» 5 oy | ero || @- (oy can | -2-2 2) (03) » | m-s | ao Ye x> Conapat HAD Hy 2 i rs penny ranrkita het tcl” 1 feet reprettntemee vectorsNOTE: From the sketth of the vestor Feld FUp= 2-yx5 in Exewpie | Te appeadt pat cath arrow ‘Sa taqgent toa cicle centred at the origin: ewitr the vecsor F (£)= Fy) we Fade 2x, é-y, = = =my-toy =o, \etey)) = Vey = Sere = xd the magritude of the vector F Cty) U equa! tb tre Tadius of tre circle. Exowecr, Stekn the vetor Field on RF guon by Fuya)= BK = | : Fljoo) = Si +9)+0K = 600, > =O | ° FQo)) coigotik=dogi> = £ l | t Flaoa)= ci4ojteks 40,922 = t F (903) = 0:10) tat = l9e)> = ar Lag F(Qou)e Octo] t¥k = 40qy> > 4k a | | | Fo9-1) = 640) + = ¢Qg19 2-K | (ogrt)s ote; -ay = coe-rz>e-2K Nedor fiedd Faya)= ek FC4i,-3) = Of+0)-3% = = ~3K | | @ Notice trot all Vectors a vertical and point upward above ay Plane oF downward below it: P The mogfitude Increases with the dutane from the xy- plane. $ Tn this @se Ve are. able te draw tre vector field by hand becouse Flx)= 2% is a simple formula Mess ‘B-climensional vector fields, a impossible to draw boy hard.RaoreNT Fieros Reali: Ip 2K DR, men ts geadient Tsay = faye +h ley) if ne Vacsye)= Lt By Gey, % fons gy. Is call io i 7 -del nabla. We can winte G~ Sn i + Syd Vis an operat Tezing Bi r+Be or + Byh =fce,y) i con w having continu tivotives, the: f@ya) = 2-fey) =0- TER (auq2e) isa point on tre graph of Fliiy2)<0 at wheh YECR)t0 , the © UFR) isa normal vector to the Surfaw ot Po, thab os © WFC) 1 tm the tangent plane te the Surfat, at Po amy & + (xt-3y%) Detwinoy' A veutor fed F is called a conseaative vector field if tnere ex ets a Aenetion £ such War Ups F. In this case 2 is called potential Fucction for © Exemoce: Tp feerye= eye tren Feyads (Po emyh rage i conservative beavre Fs VE ond ft isa potenbe! function for F.Diver cence Aw Cue Emrrion: “WV feld Fc P 8 is 20 20 R dw Fe oe ey t ee eWeek Note ‘hab otiv F is a scatar- ple Tp Foxed +ayej-ye fied div F Koei! 2 3 dv Es Vif = Be) t By @y2) t Se (-¥) Btu. Nv EIS the velocit: a Plus nen liv F vepras ne diver > j)- Dp dF so then F is said to be incompressible. Deriwnew, Leb Fe Po +Oj+Rk bea veto field on Ri. d carl F = GxF = pq Phy he 2! Fee tld F = obec +2y2- Ted Cur) oul E = ove {¢ 3 « \ | ne aye ap = @y-my) TAY) + yee = (ey-ah i +2) +92 k div (arif) so ar ‘6 ond oer parcial danvativer, then curl (Vr) 20 - Fie Fata a continveys paree\ darvative) ard curl F =o then E is conteruabi. ze: Show ie = raya ts 70 pase ryative - as £ 2 x Goiutinn’. le Curl F vx -\* \ ai at > Since = -¥(r4rx)e taj tye curl EF 40,50 F is Oe consenativeExnmoe: 4) Show ‘het F muads yee ermyahy + zai. 1S confenetive vector field. | Fi ‘ FeY \ se Reution, curl Be YxE = \a Ah, Ve: 2| pd ry daft | =( — Gays) - (abat-afe®) 2428) k =o 7 eri Feo, so F isa evative vector field. b We hove Pa tayn) sre - fy Cry 2): 2xyet -- -@® falaye)2 aye --- © rae D ut a Fayye= aye +9uye) — ia_te tate al the axis that points in th | rect curl Eon l his Curl vector ¢ | 1 around the axvr. ——_} cul F co & point P. tre Hari ton a ard F 1s alled imotationa! at P: