CHAPTER 6 CAPACITORS AND CAPACITANCE EXERCISE 26, Page 65 1. Find the charge on a 10 iF capacitor when the applied voltage is 250V Charge, Q= Cx V = 10x10 x250 =2.5 x10" C = 2.5 mC 2. Determine the voltage across @ 1000 pF capacitor to charge it with 2 uC. Q__ 2410” 2000V or 2KV C 1000%10 Q=CY hence voltage, V 3. The charge on the plates of a capacitor is 6 mC when the potential between them is 2.4 kV. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor. Q_ 6x10" Vo o24xi Charge, Q= CV hence capacitance, C 5x10°F =2.5 pF 4. For how long must a charging current of 2 A be fed to a 5 \1F capacitor to raise the p.d. between its plates by 500 V. Charge Q=Ixt and Q=CxV hence Ixt=CxV CxV _3x10%x500 _ I 2 1. from which, time, t= 5. A direct current of 10 A flows into a previously uncharged 5 uF capacitor for | ms. Determine the p.d. between the plates. Charge Q=Ixt and Q=CxV hence Ixt=CxV 10110 10° from which, p. 2000V -2kV © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 446. A 16 uF capacitor is charged at a constant current of 4 j1A for 2 min. Calculate the final p.d. across the capacitor and the corresponding charge in coulombs. x 10 x 2x: Cc 16x10" Charge, Q = C x V = 16x10 x30 = 480 pC 7. A steady current of 10 A flows nto a previously uncharged capacitor for 1.5 ms when the pd between the plates is 2 kV. Find the capacitance of the capacitor Txt _10x1.5%107 v 2x10" Ixt=CxV_ fiomwhich, capacitance, C= © John Bird Published by Taylor and FrancisEXERCISE 27, Page 67 1. A capacitor uses a dielectric 0.04 mm thick and operates at 30 V. What is the electric field strength across the dielectric at this voltage? Electric field strength, B= Y= 0 __ 750 kV/m_ 2. A two-plate capacitor has a charge of 25 C. If the effective area of each plate is 5 cm? find the electric flux density of the electric field. Electric flux density, D = =50000C/m* = 50 kC/m?* 3. A charge of 1.5 j1C is carried on two parallel rectangular plates each measuring 60 mm by 80 mm. Calculate the electric flux density. Ifthe plates are spaced 10 mm apart and the voltage between them is 0.5 kV determine the electric field strength, Q 15x10 Electric flux density, D = = =~. = 312.5 wC/m? A 60x80x10 V_0.5x10° Electric field strength, B= Y= 2510 a 10x10 =50kV/m 4. Two parallel plates are separated by a dielectric and charged with 10 j1C. Given that the area of each plate is 50 cm’, calculate the electric flux density in the dielectric separating the plates. Electric flux density, D = =2x10°C/m* =2 mC/m? 5. The electric flux density between two plates separated by polystyrene of relative permittivity 2.5 is 51C/m’. Find the voltage gradient between the plates. © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 46fe i D Sx10% =6,6, from which, voltage gradient, E= —- =" __ 36 kvm 66, 885x107 x2 6. Two parallel plates having a p.d. of 250 V between them are spaced 1 mm apart. Determine the electric field strength, Find also the electric flux density when the dielectric between the plates is (a) air and (b) mica of relative permittivity 5 Vv Electric field strength, E = <= =250kV/m D (2) Forair, 6, =1, hence = =6) from which, electric flux densi 25010" x 8.85107 213 wC/m? (b) 2 ‘98, ftom which, D = Ee, e, = 25010" x8.85x10 x5 = 11.063 pC/m? E © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 47EXERCISE 28, Page 68 1. A capacitor consists of two parallel plates each of area 0.01 m’, spaced 0.1 num in air. Calculate the capacitance in picofarads eA 8.8510" x 10.01 Ee (a-1) + (2-1) =885x10F = 885 pF — since 5,=1 for air d O.b10 & Capacitance, C=" 2. A waxed paper capacitor has two parallel plates, each of effective area 0.2 m*. If the capaci- -tance is 4000 pF determine the effective thickness of the paper if its relative permittivity is 2 cn fk hence, thickness of the paper, d = 3. Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having 5 plates, each 30 mm by 20 mm and separated by a dielectric 0.75 mm thick having a relative permittivity of 2.3, 2.330% 20x10 0.75x10° 86M yy) 885x107 Capacitance, C 5.1410" F = 65.14 pF (-) 4, How many plates has a parallel plate capacitor having a capacitance of 5 a, if each plate is 40 mm by 40 mm and each dielectric is 0.102 mm thick with a relative permittivity of 6. cd 5x10 «0.102 x10" 656, A 8.85x10 x6%40x40%10" A c= S82 (a1) from which, a Hence, the number of plates, n = 6 5S. A parallel plate capacitor is made from 25 plates, each 70 mm by 120 mum, interleaved with mica of relative permittivity 5. If the capacitance of the capacitor is 3000 pF determine the thickness of the mica. © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 485x 107" x5x70%120%10% (25-1) = 0.00297 m 300010 2.97 mm. 6. A capacitor is constructed with parallel plates and as a value of 50 pF. What would be the capacitance of the capacitor ifthe plate area is doubled and the plate spacing is halved? If the plate area is doubled then the capacitance will double, i.e. C = 50 pF = 100 pF If also the plate spacing is halved, then the capacitance will again double, i.e. capacitance, C = 100 pF= 2 = 200 pF 7. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 1000 pF. It has 19 plates, each SO mm by 30 mm separated by a dielectric of thickness 0.40 mm, Determine the relative permittivity of the dielectric. (2-1) hence, relative permittivity, ¢, 8. The charge on the square plates of a multiplate capacitor is 80 j1C when the potential between them is 5 KV. If the capacitor has twenty five plates separated by a dielectric of thickness 0.102 mm and relative permittivity 4.8, determine the width of a plate. A c= (n-1) from which, 3 (2)a (ee 0.102107 plate area, A= 4 _ vt 5x10 570.0016 m? &e(n-1) 8 8,(n—1) 8.85x10 Since the plates are square, the width of a plate = J0.0016 = 0.040 m= 40 mm © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 499. A capacitor is to be constructed so that its capacitance is 4250 pF and to operate at a p.d. of 100 V across its terminals. The dielectric is to be polythene (s, = 2.3) which, after allowing a safety factor, has a dielectric strength of 20 MV/m. Find (a) the thickness of the polythene needed, and (b) the area of the plate. v (2) Dielectric strength, E= > from which, thickness of polythene, d = A (>) C=2 from which, eross-seetional area, = 1.044 «107m? = 1.044% 107 x10%em? = 10.44 cm? © John Bird Published by Taylor and FrancisEXERCISE 29, Page 72 1. Capacitors of 2 ,F and 6 yf are connected (a) in parallel and (\) in series. Determine the equivalent capacitance in each case. 6-8uF (a) In parallel, equivalent capacitance, Cy (b) In series, from which, C, = 1 6 2. Find the capacitance to be connected in series with a 10 iF capacitor for the equivalent capacitance to be 6 WF For series connection, ++ = 1 ©) Cy 1 1 ie = - = =0.06666666 10 6 10 and —1_ 0.06666666 3. What value of capacitance would be obtained if capacitors of 0.15 iF and 0.10 1F are connected (a) in series and (b) in parallel (a) In series, from which, C. 50 3 1 1 c 0.10 (b) In parallel, equivalent capacitance, C, = 0.15 + 0.10 = 0.25 wF 4, Two 6 UF capacitors are connected in series with one having a capacitance of 12 \P. Find the total equivalent circuit capacitance. What capacitance must be added in series to obtain a capacitance of 1.2 uF? © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis SL3 WF. (Two equal value capacitors in series 6x6 Two 6 UP capacitors in series has a total capacitance of ——— will have a total capacitance of half the value of one of the capacitors). 12 524 uF 341 3 UE in series with 12 HF has a total capacitance of ‘otal circuit capacitance. Let new capacitance be C,, then if new total capacitance is to be 1.2 nF then 0.41666 1 —— =2.4 uF 0.41666 e 5. Determine the equivalent capacitance when the following capacitors are connected (a) in parallel and (b) in series: (i) 2 nF, 4 uF and 8 uF (ji) 0.02 uF, 0.05 uF and 0.10 pF (iii) 50 pF and 450 pF Gv) 0.01 pF and 200 pF (ali), C 4+8=14pF (ii) C= 02 + 0,05 + 0.10 = 17 WE (iii) C, = 50+ 450 = $00 pF (iv) C, = 0.0110 +200x10 = 10.2 nF or 0.0102 pF 8 (bya) from which, C, => =1.143 pF (ii) | 50 from which, C, - + - 0.0125 uF 0.10 80 (iii from which, C, =45 pF (iv) 5.1x10° from which, C, © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis6. For the arrangement shown below find (a) the equivalent circuit capacitance and (b) the voltage across a 4.5 UF capacitor 45 UF 4.5 uF 4.6 ur our tar wer IF Lr 00 ve ——] (2) Three 4.5 uF capacitors in series gives 1.5 1F and two 1 lF capacitors in series gives 0.5 iF 1.5 uF and 0.5 uF capacitors in parallel gives 1.5 + 0.5 =2 uF 2 UF in series with 3 j1F gives: 1.2 AF = equivalent circuit capacitance (3) (b) The equivalent circuit is shown below where V, ( os |(500) - 300 V ~ voltage across three +3) 4.5 uF capacitors in series. Hence, voltage across each 4.5 j1F capacitor = 300/3 = 100 V. tat AH +<$—_______ Sew (Alternatively, to find Since Cy = 1.2 uF then Qp =C;xV=1.2%10* x50 = 600)1C.. This is the charge on each 600x 10° capacitor of the circuit shown below. Hence, V, = & a = 300 V) 7. Three 12 F capacitors are connected in series across a 750 V supply. Calculate (a) the equivalent capacitance, (b) the charge on each capacitor and (c) the p.d. across each capacitor 11 11177 025 fom which, equivalent capacitance, (Alternatively, the total capacitance of three capacitors each having the same value, will be one © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 53=4uF) third the value of one of the capacitors, Le. Cy "x V = 410x750 = 3000 10°C =3 mC = the charge on each (b) Total charge, Q, = capacitor since they are connected in series (c) P.d. across each capacitor = —— = 250 V since each capacitor has the same value. 8. Iftwo capacitors having capacitances of 3 uF and 5uF respectively are connected in series across a 240 V supply, determine (a) the p.d. across each capacitor and (b) the charge on each capacitor. ‘The circuit is shown below. (a) Similar to question 5(b), V, and (b) Charge. Q, = C, x V, = 310% x150 =450 pC or 0.45 mC x10 x90 and Q)=CxY; 50 uC or 0.45 mC (Note that in a series circuit the charge is the same on each capacitor). 9. In the circuit below, capacitors P, Q and R are identical and the total equivalent capacitance of the circuit is 3 uP, Determine the values of P, Q and R. © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 3435 uF 2uF 1 IK soe J i | Kt ya 3.5 pF and 4.5 PF in parallel gives an equivalent capacitance of 3.5 + 4.5 = 8 uF 28 16 wi up 2 UF in series with 8 1F gives 2+8 10 Let the equivalent capacitance of P, Q and R in series be C,, Then 1.6+Cy=3 from which, Cy ~1.6=14 pF Thus, x14=4.2 pF = Cy 10. Capacitance’s of 4 uF, 8 pF and 16 pF are connected in parallel across a 200 V supply. Determine (a) the equivalent capacitance, (b) the total charge and (c) the charge on each capacitor (a) Equivalent capacitance, C, =4+ 8 + 16=28 WF (b) Total charge, Q= CV = 28%10% x200 = 5.6x10°C = 6 mC (©) Q, =C, x V=4x10% x 200=800x10%C = 0.8 mC 8x10 x 200=1600x10°C = 1.6 mC 1) «V = 16x10 x 200 =3.2x10°C =3.2 mC 11. A circuit consists of two capacitors P and Q in parallel, connected in series with another capacitor R. The capacitances of P, Q and R are 4 \1F, 12 uF and 8 uF respectively. When the circuit is connected across a 300 V d.c. supply find (a) the total capacitance of the circuit, (b) the p.d. across each capacitor and (c) the charge on each capaciter © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis‘The circuit is shown below in diagram (a), fe hae | 1 Qe 8 -S 1 Qa © oov (a) 4 uF in parallel with 12 pF gives: 4 + 12 = 16 uF as shown in the equivalent circuit below in diagram (b) 16x8 16+8 ‘The total capacitance, C; = 33 uF (b) Total charge on circuit, Q, = C; x V = 5.33333 107 x 300 =1.6mC =the charge on each capacitor in diagram (b). 1.6107 Hence, voltage V, 8x10 Q =200V C, 1 Hence, the voltage across P = 100 V, the voltage across Q = 100 V and the voltage across R=200V (c) Charge on P. Q, =C, x Vp =4*10% x100 =400 pC or 0.4mC Charge on Q, Qg = Cg Va = 2107x100 = 1200 pC or 1.2mC Charge on R, Qs =C, *Vq =8*10 «200 = 1600 pC or 1.6mC © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 5612. For the circuit shown below, determine (a) the total circuit capacitance, (b) the total energy in the circuit, and (c) the cha in the capacitors shown as C, and Oak jp, it (@) 2 nP in series with 2 WF gives 1 PF Hence, 1 uF, 2 (iF, 2 4F and 1 pF in parallel gives: 1+2+2+1=6 pF The circuit is now as shown below in (i). sev @ 1 111 Total capacitance, C,, is obtained from: Z-=F-+2+5 = 1.16666 and Cc, 0.857 pF 7 116666. n (b) Total energy stored, W = 4eV? = 4(0.857%10")(50) (©) Total charge, Q; = ; x V =0,857x10°° x50 = 42.85 uC This is the charge on each of the capacitors in cireuit (i) above Hence, charges on capacitors C, and C, 2.85 wC on each © John Bird Published by Taylor and FrancisEXERCISE 30, Page 74 1. When a capacitor is connected across a 200 V supply the charge is 4 y1C. Find (a) the capacitance and (b) the energy stored. (2) Q=CV from which, capacitance, C= 2 = =20nF or 0.02 pF Lng (b) Energy stored, W = [CV? =—x0.02%10" «200? = 400 wor 0.4 mI 2. Find the energy stored in a 10 uF capacitor when charged to 2 kV Energy stored, W tev? 410102000 205 3. A 3300 pF capacitor is required to store 0.5 mJ of energy. Find the p.d. to which the capacitor amist be charged. RW [/2x05« Ley? from which, pd v= [7% =f 220510 2 Ve “yl 330010 4. A capacitor is charged with 8 mC. If the energy stored is 0.4 J find (a) the voltage and (b) the Energy, W capacitance. 2w © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis5. A capacitor, consisting of two metal plates each of area 50 cm” and spaced 0.2 mm apart in air, is connected across a 120 V supply. Calculate (a) the energy stored, (b) the electric flux density and (c) the potential gradient. 6. A bakelite capacitor is to be constructed to have a capacitance of 0.04 {iF and to have a steady working potential of 1 KV maximum, Allowing a safe value of field stress of 25 MV/in find (a) the thickness of bakelite required, (b) the area of plate required if the relative permittivity of bakelite is 5, (c) the maximum energy stored by the capacitor and (4) the average power developed if this energy is dissipated in a time of 20 pss, (2) Field stress, EY from which, 1000 x10) v thickness of dielectric, d = = = 40x10 m= 40107 mm = 0.04 mm 55,4 d (b) Capacitance, C= from which, Cd _ 0.04%10 x0.04 107 8 8, 885x107 x5 cross-sectional area, A 0.03616m* = 361.6 cm* (c) Maximum energy, W,,.: te ve tx 0.0410 «10007 © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 59= power x time, hence, power, P= = 1000 W or 1kW time — 20x10 s © John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 0