PAPER

MUAMALAH FIQH COURSE

SUPPORTING LECTURER:
MUHAMMAD ABDUL GHANI ,Ph.D

ARRANGED BY :
ERIANI
0311522007
MJ22H

AL AZHAR INDONESIA UNIVERSITY

MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
2023
Abstrack

ABSTRACT, Riba is always to be the interest things from classics until modern in
academic or business. But now the usury still has been done in other activities, as
good in buying and selling activities, account payable activities, and other
transactions. In the mu’amalah (Islmic economics), the usury not only seen as an
unlawful thing to do, but acts that do not have morality for userers. The forbidden of
usury did not happen in the past, eventhough before Islam the other religion likes
(Yahudi and Nasrani) forbid that practice. Beside that, the usury needs explanation
concretely in that history of development in islamic law, and the effect of usury
practice. The usury in addition not accompanied by exchange compensation is
prohibited by the Al-qu’an. Basicly the usury divided into two, the usury because of
payable activities and the usury relates of buying and selling activities. The
prohibition of usury in the Qur’an is given step by step. The first step describes the
negative things in usury, (QS. Ar-Rum: 39). The second is about the blackness gesture
of usury through the Yahudi in usury practice (QS, An-Nisa’: 160 161). The third, the
Al-qur’an explicitly forbid the usury doublely (QS: Ali Imran: 130- 131). The fourth,
the prohibition of riba totally in all ways (QS. Al-Baqarah: 275-280). In the moslem,
the usury is forbidden because it is not good in the aqidah side, religion, attitude,
economics and politics. The study regarding the nature of the prohibition of usury
needs to be conveyed to get blessings and mercy from all forms of transactions in
islam in order to achieve islam as Rahmatan lil Alamin.
Keywords: riba, usury, real sector of the economy.

Chapter 1

1. Why is usury prohibited?

2. What is the argument for the prohibition of usury?
3. How many types of usury are there?
4. What is the effect of usury?
5. What is the meaning of usury in buying and selling?

Answer :

1. Usury has always been a topic of discussion that has attracted attention from
the classical period onwards to modern times both in academic circles and
business people. But until now The practice of usury still occurs in various
activities, both in buying and selling activities and debt receivables, as well as
other transactions. In mu'amalah (Islamic economics), usury is not it is only
seen as an unlawful thing to do, as explained in The Koran is an act that has no
morality for those who commit usury. Prohibition of usury not only occurred
during the Islamic era, but before Islam, other religions (Jews and Christians)
also prohibits the practice of usury. Thus, usury requires a concrete
explanation both in terms of history, legality in Islamic law, and the impact of
 the practice of usury as well Islamic views on the practice of usury. Islam has
prohibited usury. The Qur'an regulates the life patterns of Muslims in
organizing and building social life.

2. 1. QS Ar-Rum: 39: Allah says: ‫َو َم ا آَت ْي ُتْم ِمْن ِر ًبا ِلَي ْر ُبَو ِفي َأْم َو اِل الَّن اِس َف لَ ا َي ْر ُبو ِع ْن َد ِهَّللاۖ َو َم ا‬
God willing ‫ ُم اْلُمْض ِع ُفوَن‬Meaning: "And, if you give usury (additional) so that he
can add to people's wealth, that usury does not add to Allah's side. And what
you give is in the form of zakat which you intend to achieve Allah's pleasure,
then (those who do so) those are the people who double (their rewards)." (QS
Al-Rum: 39). 2. QS An-Nisa Verses 160-161: God bless you on God willing God
willing َ‫ اًبا َأِليًم ا‬Meaning: "So because of the injustice of the Jews, we have
forbidden them (eating food) that is good (which was previously) lawful for
them. And because they hinder (people) a lot from the path of Allah and
because they consume usury, even though in fact they has been forbidden
from it, and because they consume people's wealth in a false way. And We
have made for the disbelievers among them a painful punishment." (QS an-
Nisa: 160-161)

3. 1. Riba Qardh Riba qardh is usury that occurs in debt-receivable transactions

that do not meet the criteria of profit appearing with risk (Al-Ghunmu bil
Ghurmj) and business results appearing with costs (al-Kharraj bidh dhaman).
2. Jahiliyah Usury Jahiliyah usury is a type of usury because there is an
addition to the principal loan given by the person who gives the debt to the
person who owes it because they are unable to pay it when it is due. 3. Riba
Fadhl Usury fadhl is a type of transaction of buying and selling ribawi materials
of the same sex without the same kind of weight or measurement, such as
selling 10 grams of gold for 11 grams, selling 5 kg of wheat for 6 kg. 4. Riba
Nasi'ah Riba Nasi'ah is the sale and purchase of ribawi materials, both of one
type and of different types, but there is a delay in delivery from one of the
parties.

4. the impact is as follows: 1). Usury can cause hostility between individuals and
reduce the spirit of cooperation/helping each other with fellow humans. By
imposing additional charges on borrowers, it will give rise to the feeling that
borrowers do not know the difficulties and do not want to know about other
people's difficulties; 2). Give rise to the growth of a wasteful and lazy
mentality. By making interest on money, creditors can get additional income
from time to time. This situation gives rise to the assumption that for an
unlimited period of time he will receive additional regular income, thereby
reducing dynamism, innovation and creativity at work; 3). Usury is a form of
colonialism. Creditors who lend capital by demanding more payments to the
borrower at a mutually agreed value . 4). Make creditors have the legitimacy
to carry out bad actions to demand the agreement. Because in the agreement,
the creditor has taken into account the profits obtained from the excess
 interest that will be obtained, and this is actually only a hope and has not yet
been realized.

5. Usury is the activity of buying and selling transactions or exchanging goods

that generate usury, but with different amounts or measurements. An example
of usury in this type is exchanging IDR 100 thousand for IDR 2 thousand
denominations, but the total is only 48 notes, so the nominal amount of
money given is only IDR 96 thousand.

Refrensi : riba.com
Idaribd.id