— Physical. =o [phat cal t isan "" ever y- _ nat ca. n_be ary Duaat) than < co wn hot : __ measured “ps called | be _measurce dt is called — a Physi cal avanti | Non Phy Alice Suand ty. moss Velocity, | | Bound light 1-0 AN 44, | jowe, hak e+, Pnen ba nete — Tou 4x mass > Pneyka Con be Compal bed 2 |Fundamenh]) | a pplementey purived 5 pa 31 Das_not oltpend| —P-- uihith by Units| P9- lc viv € of — sUpen_any other buf net cllimsatons. tom podem) 5p. 8. fr tits “4 UP i >My suYment a * Fundamental | + planeangie syxadia PB indep en dent | ‘ [ty iS aie [*selid angie Balgtyalian a eee. a] [s-: Unit| Sy tab of | eng te metre __m mass Kile gesm 4 7 Time eteond Tem penabive Kelvin K Amt: of subshinde | pole mel ele cttic current amp* A Hum inous_intens] rey Candela 2 d | NTT —> LL) Measurement oF 274-4 quantthy Mmvolwed Comparison ith aq ¢éy In hase Vay yb? 8 Chosen in kangBenalig. accepted —eefenente Stand aed Called — Nunit" Lui7 Tht units fee the finedamental quanb hes ave __equed fundamen blunt 1, “Uy The units ofall | _o they n be rye A Ae -Qu_tombi Dqbon of “the nda ment l untidy axe caiied derived nil. ——chen ele P ous ry ple Shae and easily queti)a ble. _ O A-unit ghoul be easipy avatlabie _and vepye du cible at any place. The vol. heuld be un} aly _ @ Apy )sjeal unit mustpe fovarvlable qod- well oft ptords 7 — = Relation bho _rnag.nihidle_and unit_ofa.t: 8. = 0 SS eS 9 Uy The slumenica] Value ob thioed on messy ving 2g pG. is fnver 6 tly proportional te ts——— 3 unit _ nx] : U > 4 ny = tenst” » Uy) = Dye 5 : ; : > Uy there 9) 40d 04 9-ve the OU mena ) aly es > -—_oF_U,_any Uy. ve the_Uuntts of Uame pS in di ff ent Syskmes > Oy stont?: —Symbol for dimension Ts Fradamsnt dyenti dele U9 defingbion = a counting ef. _Funcla mente] P0129 6) P98 __ ei 9 measur _ Peuley of puna ment p—Phs ry bbe. y Varta bre with | pumenten) — ariabie. UWS pimen Siongl formula — p= [m™1%r™ ] Ut hore 4-H ave dimensions of finda man! quantities mm ,Lanedr—t Respecnaay iy Emam pied : O_Symbel By dimension of findamen tal Sun ttics E (ay 16 a He = yt = _ Lb) 4 44 eoneet frit ie le) Time cet ey _ Ad) rep py —-_k' oy-0! le) cyuyvent — ' ov At - (ptuminfous Tok nsify — Ce’ J) Amt of substance Y= mo @osymbe fy dimeaton of duived Puantitie _@__velors =e ale OFrguveny = to) | © _gcen_ ~ pre @ £neng: mip |__@ force __*_tyey ~ %_ _@ fn eae — @_uovkK = __m'ttr= 2 @ fing usa velodd © fowler mutt 2 © fnf uiav geen ae» @velume - 12 fom 5 @ mamen him = my = + @ fm pulse AP yt Bey h i ol —— vetuen yy a ens} ef Pyo™ - 7 y : = 444 el : : @ inex masa densitd ae = ™ L masegiedin > @_ charge = 1%xt 2 oe 5 O_choxg — : . 98 A'T rrp 3 sw ens - 2 ASS = @ Chavge en. ef aah 5 > @ inet chavae densiyy = 4 Alpin! : @ Noes 4 go tf Feng a @ fres| thar denal y= (ie a - Anes _ , +r “a 2 @—Temp rabize forastiant a cal GeRace 2 @ velscthy bya ai ant =~ a _ pot > O gravil Bon al Conshnt = (6) _ > p= OFM >O_= Fri 7 Yo meio. : amu poe 5 Z “mea a Ohi constant (hk) = paeees 5 fek™ = Ke Foy = Ke pete = o'r 2 Lpare: 74 | PAGE No. an Ulqax_Momenhm (4) — meet VOL pe 4 4= Py =7 Le mir) ce ALS spn tT @3) Thuima) Coody pulp (k) ; —_ ea ° Treat at Atk (am) t we = mutT 2 Ne K) a aha +! Ae oe © Eleckic Resistant (R) _ Het =rt rt . S solu = nee Al av — : _ Re. wr 8 tA SeIF Fnodyelance (1) | te Yj trt_=p> t= § Te Le mere mart ad6) _labent Heat LL) gamt > 12 4, 7 Le Ap en) “65 Gav const {R) ws pv =nRT pe iPYl . enengy mete Km ° : nor ny Tempe i 7 ® Rabe penmi thio hy (ex) : ey = £M 2 yolt and ; , Eo dimenatiesa. _ Capacitance 7 ! ins 4: (Vv & < : oe 8! ye = OF. Atritim ' ac OO opg lpg rat @_@olt2man Cons tnt Cis). Zz €> 2), eT => kn > emlurte) © pesistance Rew Wwe w= 2p Rap We 7-H YpR = RE ___ -O_ magnetic fteld (a) : =m? ye? aes fy, = boc 2 mA Tt TAP_& Coep pici cot op sis cont a fs mer is vv. A LTT J @& Phyatcal quank'ky bving Samet _olim? fox mula : 4 |® wis ce, displacement, radiys light yen - : 4 7 Waveleng te pai ysof qycation.fe ca] L ; , oe het ( a Length Pe Ace, qaper nem) Cal yoit ; | speed, veloc fy yw doethyof tight, = ‘ _veloci hy ef sound , teyrornal velo 4 LT § aly. “yejoc ty ,o% bit) veloct by ‘ a "¢: : % 4 | © Ace pang ene Fae) dye bk xavi ty 4 foltnsity of waviMbong) pried, jee | _t inkeipeb) en ( ee - : tight, Hnsieon thryy st, im payed foxce ys prin, |_pexce_, eV (Ey .agnr‘c force, n.avms! oS ( © Angulay momen bitn a ‘ As ul nen him qnd Plank's Constent _}- mu po’ © tectic fred and Pe. ina. 1 gereli ant | | mer S qc} “Wish tnilan auntie casigy, cepted PSY Spon, SYvFace & vy one Spring anthwt” eRnceges diac fat o8\_@ far dnd ravi tabenalp Vy (1#_=_y,cvs =VIt=T2Rt = Vat Us elechiz Potenb'al) =imvu_ ebrvimbenal -p chin bal) = Yi Steas xs teainx vo/™ =K™_, qvB, qe, smnry , orm dt __ 2 ¥> Yet! ee y—SU-% face Hengjon Less Physical quan Ht pe ___©_Angie} setid_angle } Stes 5 » © Poisson's vaho , ye Peachve inden ,coeppeient 1 7 ? > of peleBon , dfs tince Ovadiant * . 5 © Prigoname hy formula emponen tal Ancona, 5 Relabve pen mith vi ty efPicieney , rabe > pure No, Physically mast bewWreng BD Phy sea yMIy—o womgy—not Correct —— Sm eo easect ee -may-not be im? eared ( mut —> dim? corre a : a pre eay ta : = 4. eal - fs ‘ ee a ‘ S ; i Physically jncorvect x - x mutsin® — dim? correct’ ‘ ee Phy sicatly woven 4 « = _ - ‘ mv = dim?) w yoo, ‘ Physi tally wvegs _. nit |¢a4 => Garon g_ Ay unit TUG IEA SURE ¢ clim® | mayormaynet | MustheOl OC) @ Ute | Bn ot Qui, i mayor , must hel ¢ : hl UT1 O_pimensiongl_Constan st 7 t @ has dim” ; ©_has_a pimed_value , Sq ovavils Bona), plank’s Conshy. @® pimensianléss (00.5 nk @ has no dim” ® has _¢ firmed value a Geos int Numbers (1,4, 4) @ hqs = dim? @_doca not bu a pmed valye— 4 + farce ,velo ig eke: i . 5 3 3 © oj mensional wariahle 3 a 2 » YD vimensionie s&s vq vi able @ 44 no dim” ® does not hv afimed value 4 = Refer chive indem, plane 194 le Pvinc!pql of Homog enity > sical quantities of sqme dim” canbe added Sguak and _sybpeect.— x =v +2 p———lnentlanay doe 2 — le can _mayitply oy ol joide #0 pp of diff dim ; peop prone eg) oyoats op | | PAGE no, go. = emits dim ean 1 0 Tt (6 not Use fo derive. dimnless prepextonal Conzhint , 1O Ty can not derive dimrless Fynchen, like sind, CoS 0. ‘tin ett = i 1 yp pe clepe nts. pen..ts0e PO of Same aim? Ane Cant dete rtoat PB: i force = ie (ujoxk Tt. Cannot. coe aati ——htin_.—__ s - 4 foes tas — © We equate the peo. ‘OFM Z Y_only. Work ty hen. aia aa i cphvce physical quant 2 fe TP fexee oc pends 4pen time yinlew K9 Not po saible Al’ - Yoo = 3 4 ' ‘ © pt repoa onteft side axenon signi Ficant {y= gooo =f 04S =O O- 8 3UB 5 S130 04 B= 5 ey Soon 2 18 emact numbin hy © _s1gni freant Figees 5 © pow form axe pot con Polened ass. siqotfieant— 5 tiguve 5 4 gegoy Xjo4 = 4 : B gego4o X/02 =5 5 2 O Trailing Doig afte decimal piace 12 _singni fren it s 1 se: 2 So = B:Soo = Y 8 @ Addition ov Sub ttacbhon — eT lrhmrr rr Ault 1s wri then 2__tn min™ decimal places 5. “4 ay tara) = ye FP ®@ 5 : a4 tes) = Wt © 5. i 5 TOU pli Ca oOo ol uf ‘ston — Pinal west written o——to_mi.o®_sig nh prcant fig ue ene a x? > 49 la) wyid = 4 bv) zr ;—Rounding ope an @ ff aijgit tobe vemoued 6 leaS than S then — cil een etbnens ag De oy wt dk CU cae| pare: [pace no: there ts ® IF olit te be ¥emoved 14 areaten than Sthee P vevioys No: @ by 4 3) 6 Fm = 26 FM =D B+ Fm a ip di fit ts_s_then prenioss te same 2 theven and @ by one if odd, = 3-68 is = qo aes ee a6 OS ee mee, a8 i a mains e | II? = | tn & U => to ea yal drufsion = tol tm4>-] = tem = mette 6ele division slivigien: —> pt mse pF 1M Amen 15 tena tn = [Lr SR tue) - mainseate Reading Oe (Jeg st count) 4; vcaeling Li | that Can be ty Ken by the Tost ment. ee . oY |__mam™ Pos sible ey __by the (nstument._ qt cante PerkimedSU oe ET MSD HANS D oe nt LL Li) uenmieneaptpen = 1 = os 7 [Reeling poennions callipor mitre tv {nal aoa -[R “ZY1O ehY¥ay — When 2 eho of m ain geate snot ®_coinatde with pero of vernier Callipen Negabive zero. ¢htvox —> _ 2 then 2.0710 of Vie: ts tePt poof 2 en Of main £ Cale —____. = Positive zenro eyxoy 7 Ulh en 2270 of yee: fs — vi gnt fo _main scale zero. n—Sitew a - pS a ar - istance on majin scare in 4 Ret pon ———— = Pitch > 1mme — anal oo ee (uve) Mnimam_me4 SU“ = pith = oe (O46. : ra tag No‘ oF civcdlay Sale division Les = ros. No.of cixculey division Ss wep? os imm _~ o.01 mm Joo = Accu race PRE STon Of To Pod hymen pti. Q@ Aceyra <4 AG ye toaen ess oF measured vale to a feye value of phe physi a) quantity fu Ie pol! g4 the Att 0d tH of dhe mieesyxment. fon pRECTAian > Tt hs the) mca syve of the emtent_to— whith successive m egsuvements of a_phy Lea). 9aank.ty tf Fa Peom. _oneanother = — + ay aaand ae cae erie: tq lyiee = ee 7 depends _ypon— tna aren ts_ = = Higher the no of deadmal places bighersthe pre way. bar) ulhen yeye valye ts pot Given —the higher “fone: 17 | rnc no: Preston means higher Hae accu eae 4 i RROR TN roca sure ment — el __ tit: tyvov Randle rot Reason .op etrer |__9ol Known |,—fim-td- ox conshnt———- . [ envox in magnibrde | can't O by O— | of observation EL __L pn uty _m e444 —|emat of error wie oe —|fmed,———______—— _| > jy Devegylay ot p gn n |_V. worth 1 Can't minimize by taklog lage __|_nlo-_of measyames No of-e bse, Aber x |__Ramdom #3701 _ —bDype Qnstty men error treo U104_}— = néht O1ong fm periments Lichique dae te tandem ets ong) ty yo(oare: 7 7 (rnc ERROR Analysis — @ AP Solute exe% Tal piepcneoce bf = s) “a eee _ Pyyevatue Pesured Valye lity & posstieine * ntl and dim? Same_as physical @ Relabrue txvo¥ — Relakve Uvov = AbAslute en res a Pepe gly e tema e ar - ae Relative ferer= _4™ S © aula © pexxor =>" AN Koo € aT c A — * > (cage -) E _ : TR Trye value net bi ven only ho.0 measured values gis 18 Yppese anal mg) then ~ True value 4 Pryevelye s 1 tye. = 13 _ ; ar cthen_absolube value tomer) —[ag—*r} = Ay te oy Joy my) 2 gt 29 _ bull fx andi We fke mern of these abolyte overs£ ve Xovy = ME yy 1: Oh aie. — ae a4 | (Ca be = 39 - Pe_on ne mea syxe d value 4 bivenand Ahere 1S no True Value [ven then . U_Suppase rn ea sued Value fs 84 then @abssiuk exvor = 4 J @_Relabve wroy = Vey @ cl ensox = Vay Xloo ‘ty. S Uppase messyveo valye is 30° 9 then —___ @ absoluteenver = O°] @ Relab ue evver = OVgy yg O sf eto =.6'l 100 Bye | Wii) Suppose _messured Nalye js 84-93 then @_Abvoluleewyor = ore! a __@ _Relabive en ox = 0° gy..9g-———— re mor}, X ®. error ° sae es | VVSSDRAL AAW a aaa ay a ae P. . . z 7 xo pa GoBan_oF ox oX_fn_macthe maHcal_fax_mule—>——— = QO_Addition - ; a4 5 Yate —_— xe Seepronitatben 494 14 4parE: 17 pao no, absolak exter 1A ‘Absolut enter ‘7B = Af it 2B: on r _iny we ae 4 = 1 ahtsn so A+B a Kr 7 ae ezrere as i TB _ a ae s © subtescbon_= = y= A=-B. a ay - dA _ dB _ ae Bet At — lay) = 4a fas __limamm possi. ble absolutter rs ‘ - ea AATAR Ae “Bo AV), = Abra\ O Product — A a8 y> Arp dy - BdA @ pO Ayes in AA sh AG. _ oh ara OEE y—AY- ; B apes Dye fA 4B : hj A >Re — : ©_afoiston ' + =A-p7!l ; ye Ye AB ; Ay. AA 4 AB b y B s 5 © power finch on , Li ys A = aipft wrt @ ) (pyar ia , aa cos ).divided by ¥ bethside ’ {ay ) = nasa \ Sey y us aa AOA oss} ub ys ar o™ ay : n{tn |+ m(2e] eit n= YN yo wwe yr ont’ * tAhen:nu= (Consent Hey rs length 1h am, unit ofmass unit ef Hic. fs > dee. then Hod volt “oF Intute cyakn of unit wit) yae ffoO anal puis t ede enuty = prseey each v 2 g