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Understanding Electromagnetic Waves

This document discusses electromagnetic waves. It defines them as waves where the electric and magnetic field vectors change sinusoidally and are perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation. Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charge particles. The document provides equations to describe the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves. It lists properties of electromagnetic waves such as being transverse, traveling at 3x10^8 m/s in a vacuum, and showing interference, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and polarization. The document also discusses how electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum, and exert pressure. It provides examples of different types of electromagnetic waves and their applications.

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zainab aslam memon
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55 views15 pages

Understanding Electromagnetic Waves

This document discusses electromagnetic waves. It defines them as waves where the electric and magnetic field vectors change sinusoidally and are perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation. Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charge particles. The document provides equations to describe the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves. It lists properties of electromagnetic waves such as being transverse, traveling at 3x10^8 m/s in a vacuum, and showing interference, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and polarization. The document also discusses how electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum, and exert pressure. It provides examples of different types of electromagnetic waves and their applications.

Uploaded by

zainab aslam memon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 08

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Electromagnetic waves are
those waves in which electric
and magnetic field vectors
changes sinusoidally and are
perpendicular to each other as
well as at right angles to the
direction of propagation of
wave. Electromagnetic waves
are produced by accelerated
charge particles.
E(x,t) = E cos(kx - ωt + φ)
B(x,t) = B cos(kx - ωt + φ)

TRAVELING
DIRECTION
LENGTH OF
MAGNETIC
ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES
FIELDS
MAXWELL'S EQUATION
PROPERTIES

1. They are transverse in nature because electromagnetic waves are


propagated by oscillating electric fields and magnetic field oscillation
at right angles to each other
8
2. These waves travel with speed 3×10 m/s in vacuum.
3. They are not deflected by electric or magnetic field.
4. They can show interference, reflection , refraction ,diffraction &
polarisation.
5. Need no medium of propagation.
6. May be polarised.
ELECTROMAGENTIC WAVES CARRY
ENERGY & MOMENTUM.
AN EM WAVE EXERTS PRESSURE ON THE SURFACE
ON WHICH IT IS INCIDENT.
SPEED FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN TERMS
OF THE AMPLITUDES OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC
FIELDS.
ELECTROMAGNETIC'S SPECTRUM
RADIO WAVES
1. In radio and TV communication.
2. In astronomical field.

MICROWAVES
1. In RADAR communication.
2. In analysis of molecular and atomic structure.
3. For cooking purpose.

INFRARED WAVES
1. In knowing molecular structure.
2. In remote control of TV VCR,
3. Night vision cameras
QUESTION
The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
-6 -11
By = (8 × 10 ) sin [2 × 10 t + 300 π x] T
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the electro-magnetic wave.
(ii) Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field.
SOLUTION :-
SOLUTION :-
QUESTION
Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the wavelengths
given below. Write one application of each.
(a) 1 mm
-12
(b) 10 m
-8
(c) 10 m
SOLUTION :-
(a) 1 mm : Microwaves
Application : In aircraft navigation for the radar system. Also used in microwave ovens.

-12
(b) 10 m : Gamma rays
Application : Gamma rays are used as medicine to destroy cancer cells

(c) 10-8 m : Ultraviolet rays


Application : Ultraviolet rays are used in LASIK eye surgery.
QUESTION
Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(b) used to treat muscular strain.
(c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.
SOLUTION :-
(a)Microwaves
Production : Klystron/magnetron
(b)Infrared Radiations
Production : Hot bodies/vibrations of atoms and molecules.
(c)X-Rays
Production : Bombarding high energy electrons on a metal target.

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