CLINICAL TEACHING © Introduction ° Definition & Steps of Clinical Teaching ° Philosophy / Principles of clinical teaching © Methods of clinical teaching Nursing Clinic / Bedside clinic Nursing care conference Nursing Rounds Nursing Care Study © Guidelines for best method © Evaluation of Clinical teaching © ConclusionINTRODUCTION In recent years, nursing education focused on theoretical education & deep gap between theoretical & clinical education created. Many nursing researchers reported that nursing students, in spite of good knowledge base, weren’t skillful in clinical settings. In result, with entrance of these unskillful students to the nursing care system, the quality of this system falls day to day. Clinical teaching of students and continuing education is vital for professional development.DEFINITION Clinical teaching is a individualized or group teaching to the nursing students in the clinical area by the nurse educators, staff nurse and clinical nurse manager.STEPS IN CLINICAL TEACHING Formulating objectives Determining the student knowledge by conducting a test Planning the content for ward teaching depending on the student’s knowledge Organizing the programme Implementing & evaluating the sessions.CONT... Clinical teaching is supported by a climate of mutual Trust & respect Clinical teaching & learning should focus on essential knowledge, skill & attitude The espoused curriculum may not be the curriculum in use Quality is more important than quantityPHILOSOPHY / PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL TEACHING Clinical education should reflect the nature of professional practice ' Clinical teaching is more important than class room teaching The nursing student in the clinical setting is a learner, not a Nurse Sufficient learning time should be provided before performance is evaluatedMETHODS OF CLINICAL TEACHING Nursing Clinic / Bedside clinic Nursing care conference Nursing Rounds. Nursing Care StudyBEDSIDE CLINIC Bedside clinic always help to study the problems typically associated with a particular disease or disorder. Always ensure the presence of the patient. Either the group visits the patient or the patient is brought to the conference room.CONT... - Patients with Typical cases rather with unusual conditions are selected. During the clinic the patient may be asked to speak something about the course of illness, symptoms and involves the family members and plan for discharge. - Brief history and therapy, nursing problems are presented along with the nursing care including physical, mental and social components.CONT... - Nursing clinic can be conducted by the head nurse or the clinical instructor. - Before the client entry the head nurse points out the group the observations which should made while he/she is present. When the patient no longer needed should send back.CONT... » This is usually followed by a discussion and question and answer round. The Material is summarized and the most important points are emphasized. - The clinic lasts for about 30 min finally it is evaluated by the head nurse and the group members.ADVANTAGES The student nurse is getting an opportunity to observe, analyze & make decision in nursing care Remembers the nursing measures for longer time since directly they involvedNURSING CARE CONFERENCE - It is same like a bedside clinic but the patient is not usually present for the class. This may be a method of choice when the entire group is acquainted with the patient. - Bedside clinic and nursing care conference can be used to evaluate the students. Both should be planned earlier if it is to be made more effective. But the nurse instructor conduct it on the spot if she wishes to evaluate the students.K inder val nu i Irs for t : question. ao roused. sestions are made by the members nel Pe ussed in the rounds will be Is may extend, only, up. to. one, aa. % s strict bedside endo nt : i ak. \-2 BeTYPES © Information giving rounds © Instructional rounds © Problem solving roundsADVANTAGES Increases the learning ability Increases interest to share ideas & Knowledge with others for the benefit of the client Response of the client is more natural Students can select client with specific problem & plan for proper nursing careCASE METHOD Types = Case Study = Case Analysis = Case incident TechniqueNURSING CASE STUDY - The student with the help of the clinical instructor selects one of her patients for intensive study which she finds interesting. The student tries to solve the problems through the study, consultation and experimentation and decides the nursing measures which will meet the patient’s individual needs and solve nursing problems. The student must be given opportunity to take care of the patient over a long duration of time, to understand his/her behavior, to gain his/her confidence, to learn the real nature of his/her problems, and to note the effect of nursing measures and the results of the care.ADVANTAGES OF NURSING CARE STUDY The concentrated effort on the part of the student to define and solve the problems in the patient care arouses interests in him and results in better nursing care. The students learn to recognize the effect of personal and social factors on illness and recovery, to organize the information and identify the problems.CONT.. * The student also learns about the problem solving approach to nursing. The report may act as a reference material for the student. * The student can present the report in front of the group and it should be evaluated in terms of content, organization, clarity of thought and interest. The oral presentation helps the student to speak in front of the group.GUIDELINES FOR BEST METHOD Identify the barriers Consider learning style ' Plan activities collaboratively ‘i I © Create learning environment Effective clinical teaching Extend evaluation possibilities Designate ° Encourage expertsPRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION Documentec Valid Reliable Objective Comprehens UsefulPRINCIPLES OF SEI TING EVALUATION METHODS Evaluation should be based upon first-hand (Observed) or Objective (written) information It should match with the clinical skill or knowledge being assessed Complex skill may require multiple sources of evaluation before promotive / certification It should consider feasibility in terms of time, money, space, trained observers / ratersCONCLUSION Learning by doing is the most effective method of teaching. The laboratory of the nursing students is the clinical field. The nursing students get the practical experience and skill doing procedures by taking care of the patients. The nurse manager manages and controls the practical field of nursing students. The clinical teaching should well organized to provide the needed experience to the students. The nurse manager plays a dual role, she is aware of the practical problems, and she should use each and every opportunity to teach the nursing students.REFERENCES “Clinical Teaching Strategies in NURSING”, Kathleen B. Gaberson, Marilyn H.Oermann, 3° edition, Springer Publishing Company. “Fast factors for the clinical nursing instructors”, Eden Zabat Kan, Susan Stabler-Hass, Springer Publishing Company, New York. “Virtual Learning Environments”, Pierre.Dillenbourg, University of Geneva, EUN Conference 2000. Education for Health, Vol.17, No.2, July 2004,236- 39