THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
→ tiny bumps called papillae are also known as
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM your taste buds
E PIGLOTTIS
o The digestive system is the organ system
which takes in food, digests it and excretes
→ A door which belongs to both the respiratory
the remaining waste
system and the digestive system.
o The system is made up of the digestive tract
organs and the accessory organs → Swallowing triggers its closing over the trachea
to prevent food and fluids from draining into our
lungs.
o In animals, it is essentially a long tube with a
beginning and an end.
E SOPHAGUS
o As animals become more complex, so do their → A muscular canal running from the oral cavity
digestive systems.
to the stomach.
T HE H UMAN D IGESTIVE S YSTEM → The tongue pushes a 'bolus' of food into the
esophagus to start it on its way to the stomach.
o The entire length of the digestive tract is lined
with epithelial tissue. → Peristalsis is the name used to describe the
muscle contractions to push food along the
o Some of the cells in the tissue secrete mucous tract.
which helps protect the tract from digestive
enzymes and allow the food to pass smoothly
along the tube. S TOMACH
P ARTS OF THE H UMAN D IGESTIVE S YSTEM → Primary function is to break down bolus using
hydrochloric acid, so it can be absorbed by the
o Mouth small intestine.
o Throat
o Esophagus → The mucous membrane protects the stomach
o Stomach from the acid.
o Small Intestine
o Large Intestine → The pylorus region is where the contents are
o Rectum emptied into the intestine.
o Anus
THE PATH OF FOOD – DIGESTIVE ORGANS
G ALL B LADDER
T HE M OUTH → Food doesn't touch this organ it is the storage
tank, for bile.
Two types of digestion occur here:
→ Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid used to help
1. Mechanical Digestion – teeth chewing food
emulsify fats.
2. Chemical Digestion – saliva starts to break
down food
→ Concentrated bile is released into the small
T HE T ONGUE intestine from common bile duct.
→ small cells called chemosensory receptor
cells allow us to taste our food (sweet, sour,
salty, bitter)
1
Ma. Karla Dear M. Tumulak | Bsn 2M
S MALL I NTESTINE → Both insulin and glucagon are produced by
the pancreas
→ responsible for continuing to break down of
food into liquid form.
PROCESS OF DIGESTION
→ primary site of nutrient absorption! nutrients are
absorbed through tiny protrusion in the intestine o Gl tract — a chain of hollow organs connected
called villi. in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the
anus.
→ the mostly digested contents start to be
transformed into feces as it is moved along by o Hollow organs — mouth, esophagus,
peristalsis. stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and
anus
L ARGE I NTESTINE o Solid organs of digestive — liver, pancreas,
and gallbladder
→ storage and elimination of waste Ieft-overs
→ as the nutritional fluids are absorbed and
transferred out to the bloodstream, the contents
get more solid and compact.
R ECTUM
→ temporary storage for feces.
→ receptors from the nervous system which tell
the body to defecate.
THE PATH OF FOOD – ACCESSORY ORGANS
A PPENDIX
→ Little is understood about this structure that
extends from the first section of the large
intestine.
→ Sometimes a piece of food gets stuck in there,
or it gets blocked by stool causing an infection
called an appendicitis.
L IVER
→ Food doesn't actually pass through this organ.
→ Instead, this organ secretes bile that is passed
along to the gall bladder for concentration and
storage.
P ANCREAS
→ Sugar control board!
→ If your blood sugar gets too high, insulin is
released
→ If your sugars are low, glucagon is released
into the blood stream.
2
Ma. Karla Dear M. Tumulak | Bsn 2M
