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Esophagus
transports
Stomach
• Stores and churns food.
• Pepsin digests protein.
• Hydrochloric acid activates
enzymes, breaks up food, and
kills germs.
• Mucus protects stomach wall.
• Limited absorption
Liver
• Breaks down and builds up many
biological molecules.
• Stores vitamins and iron.
• Destroys old blood cells
• Destroys poisons
• Bile aids in digestion
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas
• Hormones regulate blood glucose
levels.
• Bicarbonate neutralize stomach acid.
• Trypsin and chymotrypsin digest
proteins.
• Amylase digests polysaccharides.
Small Intestine
• Complete digestion
• Mucus protects gut wall.
• Absorbs nutrients, most water
• Peptidase digests proteins.
• Sucrose digest sugars.
• Amylase digests polysaccharides.
Large Intestine
• Reabsorbs some water.
• Forms and stores feces.
Rectum
• Stores and expels feces
Anus
Opening for elimination of
feces
Digestive Process
• Mechanical Phase of Digestion
Breaking of food by means of cutting
tearing, grinding, and smashing of food
into very fine mixture.
• Chemical Phase of Digestion
Involves breakdown of large
molecules in food into smaller
substances by enzymes.
Time
Structure Primary Function Food/Material
Stayed
Mechanical and
Mouth chemical digestion 5 to 30 seconds