QUICK REVIEW: LAYERS OF THE

EARTH
 1. Layers of the Earth
 Layers of the Earth – Smart Learning for All
 PLATE
TECTONICS
 PLATE BOUNDARIES
 The Earth’s crust is divided
into two:
ContinentalCrust
Oceanic Crust
 TECTONIC PLATES
 A tectonic plate is a massive,
irregularly shaped piece of solid
rock.
 It is commonly made up of both
continental and oceanic crust
(lithosphere).
 The tectonic plates are moving
in different directions
 VOCABULARY WORDS
 Crustal Plate- a rigid (hard)
layer of the Earth’s crust.

 Plate Boundaries- areas

where two plates meet,
separate, or slide past each
other.
 VOCABULARY WORDS
 Tectonic Plate- a big solid
rock composed of continental
and oceanic lithospehere.

 Subduct- a process in which

one edge of the plate is
forced below another plate.
 HISTORY
 About 200 million years ago,
there were no crustal plates.
 There is a one giant
supercontinent called
Pangaea and one giant super-
ocean called Panthalasa.
ASSEMBLE THE PUZZLE
THE PANGAEA
 The idea suggested by Alfred
Wegener, a German scientist,
according to him: Pangaea
broke into pieces that formed
the crustal plates and slowly
moved until they reached
their present position.
 The crustal plates are moving
slowly.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
THE EARTH’S MAJOR PLATES
 THE MAJOR CRUSTAL PLATES

1. Eurasian Plate
2. African Plate
3. Pacific Plate
4. Indian Plate
5. Australian Plate
6. Antarctic Plate
7. American Plate (North and
South)
 THE PLATE
BOUNDARIES
 TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES

 1.Convergent Plate Boundary

 2. Divergent Plate Boundary
 3. Transform Plate Boundary
1. CONVERGENT PLATE
BOUNDARY
 This occur where tectonic
plates collide.
 It can be of three types:
Ocenic – Oceanic
Oceanic – Continental
Continental - Continental
 OCEANIC-OCEANIC
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
 When Tectonic Plates
collide, the heavier Crustal
Plate is pushed below, its is
called Subduction Zone.
 Convergent plate boundaries
create earthquakes, ridges,
deep trenches and chains of
active volcanoes.
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
 DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

 Divergent Plate Boundary

occurs when two plates move
away from each other.
 When plates break apart, the
lithosphere thins and
ruptures forming fractures on
the crust.
 DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
 The fractures formed become
filled with magma upwelling .
 As the magma cools off, a new
crust is formed between the
diverging plates.
 In the oceanic crust, it is called
Seafloor Spreading.
 Earthquakes, faults and
underwater volcanic eruptions
occur in a divergent plate
boundary.

 Ex: Mid-oceanic Ridge in the

Atlantic Ocean
SEAFLOOR SPREADING
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY
 Known also as Transform Fault
Boundary.
 Occurs when two plates slide past
each other.
 As the two plates glide each other
in different directions,
earthquakes occur.
 Ex: San Andreas Fault in California
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY
SAN ANDREAS FAULT
THE THREE PLATE BOUNDARIES
THE PLATES
VIDEO PRESENTATIONS
 1. Plates
 2. Plate Boundaries
 Tectonic Plate Boundaries
 Tectonics of the Planet Earth