Keberanian

Keberanian adalah pilihan dan kehendak

untuk melawan derita, luka, bahaya,
ketidakpastian atau intimidasi.
Keberanian fisik adalah keberanian
dalam menghadapi luka fisik, kesulitan,
bahkan kematian atau ancaman
kematian, sementara keberanian moral
adalah kemampuan untuk bertindak
benar dalam menghadapi perlawanan
besar,[1] rasa malu, skandal,
ketidakberanian, atau kehilangan
kepribadian.

Tuhan Memberkati karya Edmund Leighton

Wujud
Keberanian muncul ketika individu
manusia memiliki hati nurani yang siap
menghadapi sesuatu hal. Beberapa hal
yang harus dihadapi untuk memperoleh
keberanian ialah ketakutan, bahaya atau
sakit.[2] Wujud tertinggi dari keberanian
ialah kebijaksanaan. Pada kebijaksanaan,
keberanian telah bersifat bertanggung
jawab dan tidak memiliki kesombongan.
Keberanian pada tingkat kebijaksanaan
merupakan sebuah ketetapan hati nurani
untuk memutuskan sesuatu hal karena
adanya kesadaran dari hati nurani.
Adanya kebijaksanaan merupakan
pertanda dari terbentuknya keberanian
yang sejati.[3]

Jenis

Keberanian sosial

Keberanian sosial adalah keberanian

dalam melakukan interaksi sosial dengan
orang lain. Sifat utama dari keberanian
sosial adalah adanya usaha terus-
menerus untuk menjalin hubungan dekat
dengan orang lain melalui keterbukaan.
Keberanian sosial merupakan kebalikan
dari sikap tidak peduli terhadap orang
lain.[4]

Simbol
Di berbagai kebudayaan, keberanian
disimbolkan dengan hewan buas. Hewan
buas yang paling banyak digunakan
sebagai simbol keberanian adalah
kelompok kucing besar dari keluarga
Felidae. Spesies hewan yang termasuk di
dalamnya ialah singa, harimau, macan
tutul, jaguar, citah dan puma.[5]
Musuh

Ketakutan

Keberanian merupakan kemampuan

untuk melawan musuh berupa ketakutan.
Bentuk-bentuk ketakutan ini antara lain
teror, apatis, kebencian, dan sikap
meremehkan. Keberadaan rasa takut
menghalangi timbulnya keberanian.
Keberanian akan timbul ketika ketakutan
telah dapat dipahami oleh individu yang
merasakannya.[6]

Catatan
1. Pianalto, Matthew (2012). "Moral Courage
and Facing Others". Philosophical
 Studies. 20 (2): 165–184.
doi:10.1080/09672559.2012.668308 (http
s://doi.org/10.1080%2F09672559.2012.6
68308) .
2. Parinah (September 2022). Wijayama,
Bayu, ed. Buku Panduan Penggunaan
Media Papan Titian dalam Meningkatkan
Keberanian Siswa TK (https://www.googl
e.co.id/books/edition/BUKU_PANDUAN_P
ENGGUNAAN_MEDIA_PAPAN_TITI/lMmlE
AAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Keberanian
&pg=PA8&printsec=frontcover) .
Semarang: Penerbit Cahya Ghani
Recovery. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-623-8002-17-
7.
3. Smith, Gordon T. (November 2017).
Santoso, Milhan K., ed. Courage and
Calling (Keberanian dan panggilan):
Merengkuh Potensi yang Allah
Anugerahkan bagi Anda (https://www.goo
gle.co.id/books/edition/Courage_and_Cal
ling_Keberanian_dan_Pangg/VtfrDwAAQB
AJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Keberanian&pg=PA
198&printsec=frontcover) [Courage and
Calling]. Diterjemahkan oleh Putra, Paksi
Ekanto. Surabaya: Literatur Perkantas
Jawa Timur. hlm. 200. ISBN 978-602-
1302-46-0.
4. May, Rollo (Januari 2019). Fikih,
Mohammad Ali, ed. Kreativitas dan
Keberanian (https://www.google.co.id/bo
oks/edition/Kreativitas_dan_Keberanian/l
1WtDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Keber
anian&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover)
[The Courage to Create]. Diterjemahkan
oleh Afif, Afthonul. Yogyakarta: IRCiSod.
hlm. 37. ISBN 978-602-7696-75-4.
5. LingkarKata (2019). Sutedja, Tety R., ed.
Buku Pintar Hewan Buas (https://www.go
ogle.co.id/books/edition/buku_pintar_he
wan_buas/GTOyDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=
1&printsec=frontcover) . Jakarta: PT Elex
Media Komputindo. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-602-
04-9596-5.
 6. Holiday, Ryan (2022). Keberanian adalah
Panggilan untuk Bertindak (https://www.g
oogle.co.id/books/edition/Keberanian_Ad
alah_Panggilan_untuk_Bertin/nGKKEAAA
QBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Keberanian&pg=
PR17&printsec=frontcover) .
Diterjemahkan oleh Anshor, Zia. Jakarta:
Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
hlm. 2. ISBN 978-602-06-6495-8.

Bacaan tambahan
Bauhn, Per (2003), The Value of Courage,
Lund: Nordic Academic Press, ISBN 91-
89116-62-3.
Jeanmart, G.; Blésin, L. (dir.), Figures du
courage politique dans la philosophie
moderne et contemporaine, numéro
thématique de la revue Dissensus. Revue
de philosophie politique de l'Université de
Liège (http://popups.ulg.ac.be/dissensus/
Diarsipkan (https://web.archive.org/web/20
130530172015/http://popups.ulg.ac.be/dis
sensus/) 2013-05-30 di Wayback
Machine.), n°2, automne 2009.
Avramenko, Richard (2011). Courage: The
Politics of Life and Limb. University of Notre
Dame Press.
"Catholic Encyclopedia "Fortitude" " (http://w
ww.newadvent.org/cathen/06147a.htm) .
New Advent.
"Summa Theologica "Second Part of the
Second Part" " (http://www.newadvent.org/
summa/3.htm) . New Advent. See
Questions 123–140
Becker, Ernest (1973). The Denial of Death
(https://archive.org/details/denialofdeath0
0erne) . New York: The Free Press.
Bussey, K. (1992). "Lying and truthfulness:
Children's definitions, standards, and
evaluative reactions". Child Development.
hlm. 63, 129–37.
Deci, E. L.; Ryan, R. M. (2000). "The 'what'
and 'why' of gal pursuits: Human needs and
the self-determination of behavior".
Psychological Inquiry. hlm. 4, 227–68.
Eisenberger, R. (1992). "Learned
industriousness". Psychological Review.
hlm. 99, 248–67.
Evans, P. D.; White, D. G. (1981). "Towards
an empirical definition of courage".
Behaviour Research and Therapy. hlm. 19,
419–24.
Hobbes, Thomas (1972). Bernard Gert, ed.
Man and Citizen (De Homine and De Cive)
(https://archive.org/details/mancitizentho
mas0000hobb) . Indianapolis: Hackett
Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8446-
4756-2.
Hobbes, Thomas; Tuck, Richard (1991).
Leviathan. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Hume, David (2009). A Treatise On Human
Nature : Being An Attempt To Introduce The
Experimental Method Of Reasoning Into
Moral Subjects. The Floating Press.
Hume, David (1751). An Enquiry Concerning
The Principles Of Morals. Lanham: Start
Publishing LLC.
Peterson, C.; Seligman M. E. P. (2004).
Character Strengths and Virtues: A
Handbook and Classification (https://archiv
e.org/details/characterstrengt00pete) .
New York: Oxford University Press.
hlm. 197 (https://archive.org/details/chara
cterstrengt00pete/page/n212) –289.
Putman, Daniel (2001). "The Emotions of
Courage". Journal of Social Philosophy. 32
(4): 463–470. doi:10.1111/0047-
2786.00107 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2F00
47-2786.00107) .
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1989).
Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a
Philosophy of the Future. New York: Vintage.
ISBN 978-0-521-77078-1.
Rate, Christopher R.; Clarke, Jennifer A.;
Sternberg, Lindsay & Robert J. (2007).
"Implicit theories of courage". The Journal
of Positive Psychology. 2:2 (2): 80–98.
doi:10.1080/17439760701228755 (https://
doi.org/10.1080%2F1743976070122875
5) .
Ryan, R. M.; Frederick, C. (1997). "On
energy, personality, and health: Subjective
vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-
being". Journal of Personality. hlm. 65, 529–
65.
McDonnell, Myles (2006). Roman
Manliness: "Virtus" and the Roman Republic.
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-
5218-2788-1.
Miller, William Ian (2000). The Mystery of
Courage (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9
780674008267) . Cambridge,
Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
ISBN 978-0-674-00826-7.
Osho (1999). Courage: The Joy of Living
Dangerously (https://archive.org/details/co
urage00osho) . Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-
312-20517-1.
Palmquist, Stephen (2000). "Angst and the
Paradox of Courage" (http://www.hkbu.edu.
hk/~ppp/tp4/top12.html) . The Tree of
Philosophy. Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press.
Plato; Cooper, John M.; Hutchinson, D.S.
(1997). Plato: Complete Works (https://archi
ve.org/details/completeworks00plat) .
Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. ISBN 978-0-
87220-349-5.
Tillich, Paul (1952). The Courage To Be (htt
ps://archive.org/details/couragetobe00til
l) . Connecticut: Yale University Press.
ISBN 978-0-300-08471-9.
Walton, Douglas N. (1986). Courage: A
Philosophical Investigation. Los Angeles:
University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-
520-05443-1.
Woodard, C.R. (2004). "Hardiness and the
concept of courage". Consulting Psychology
Journal: Practice and Research. hlm. 56,
173–185.
Zimmerman, Barry J. (1995). Self-regulation
involves more than meta cognition: A social
cognitive perspective. Educational
Psychologist. hlm. 30, 217–21.
Deutsch, M. (1961). "Courage as a concept
in social psychology". The Journal of
Positive Psychology. 55:1 (1): 49–58.
doi:10.1080/00224545.1961.9922158 (http
s://doi.org/10.1080%2F00224545.1961.99
22158) .
KM, Kerfoot (2012). "Courage as a concept
in social psychology". Nursing Economics.
30 (3): 176–178.
Aultman, Julie (2008). "Moral Courage
Through a Collective Voice". The Journal of
Positive Psychology. 8:4 (4): 67–69.
doi:10.1080/15265160802147140 (https://
doi.org/10.1080%2F1526516080214714
0) .
Cynthia, L. S. Pury; Shane, J. Lopez (2010).
"The Psychology of Courage: Modern
Research on an Ancient Virtue" (https://arc
hive.org/details/isbn_9781433808074) .
Decade of Behavior. American
Psychological Association.
Andrei G., Zavaliy; Aristidou, Michael
(2014). "Courage: A Modern Look at an
Ancient Virtue, Journal of Military Ethics".
Journal of Military Ethics. 13:2 (2): 174–
189. doi:10.1080/15027570.2014.943037
(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15027570.201
4.943037) .
Robert M., Van Sant; Stevens, Margaret
Talbolt; Jones, M.W. (1929). "B and O
Magazine, Volume 17". B and O Magazine.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad., 1929. 17: 46.
John, Ruskin (1886). "The Works of John
Ruskin ...: The stones of Venice 4th ed.
1886, John Ruskin". The Works of John
Ruskin. Allen, 1886. 33: 39–40.
Lord, Herbert Gardiner (1918). The
Psychology of Courage (https://archive.org/
details/cu31924028924326) . Luce, 1918.
of Corporations and Taxation,
Massachusetts. Dept. (1932). "Annual
Report of the Commissioner of
Corporations and Taxation". Annual Report
of the Commissioner of Corporations and
Taxation. the University of Michigan: 4.
Turnbull, David (1830). "The French
Revolution of 1830: The Events which
Produced It, and the Scenes by which it was
Accompanied" (https://archive.org/details/f
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Pranala luar
Kutipan tentang Keberanian di
Wikiquote
Definisi kamus courage di Wiktionary
Definitions of Courage in Plato's
Socratic dialogues (http://www.charles
umlauf.com/andreia.htm)
Media terkait Courage di Wikimedia
Commons

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