;

1
substitute in axial deformation expression above & b#
11
solve for "
" # 0.091
Sec_3.5-3.7.qxd 9/27/08 1:10 PM Page 292
Sec_2.3.qxd 9/25/08 11:37 AM Page 115 2L 2L
[(1 + b)P] bPaL $ b L
Sec_2.3.qxd 9/25/08 11:37 AM Page 115 3 3 PL (f) Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x #
Sec_2.3.qxd 9/25/08 11:37 AM Page 115 + # 3
Sec_2.3.qxd 9/25/08 11:37 AM Page 115 3 EA EA
E A
4 292 CHAPTER 3 Torsion
SECTION 2.3 Changes in Lengths under Nonuniform Conditions 115
SECTION 2.3 Changes in Lengths under Nonuniform Conditions 115
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INSIDE DIAMETER
P, SECTION 2.3 1 Changes 8 + 11bin Lengths PL under Nonuniform Conditions 115
(e) IF x # 2L/3 AND P/2 AT JOINT 3 IS REPLACED
FIND " SO THAT !3 # PL/EA
SECTION
Problem BY "2.3
2.3-12 Changes PL
A9prismatic in Lengthsbar
EA
# under ABEA
Nonuniform
of length L, Conditions cross-sectional115 area A, modulus t ! Gg ofmax elasticity
! 2Gâ E, Substitute numerical values:
1 8 + 11b PL max max
A
(e) IF x # 2L/3 AND P/2 AT andJOINT weight W hangsBYvertically
3 IS REPLACED "P, under PLits own weight # (see figure).
FIND " SO THAT !32L MECE 3369 (8 % 111") #8 9+ 11b 9 EA EA T(d2/2) 8(750 lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
N1 # (e)(1IF%x "#)P2L/3 N2AND # "P/2 P AT x JOINT # #3PL/EA BY "P,
PL tmax at ! distance h Ifrom
Td2 Td2 d42 ! (0.8 in.)4 $
(a) Derive P! !
3 IS REPLACED 2L a formula 8 +
forPLthe downward
11b
# displacement !C of point C, located IP 2tmax 4Gâmax p (6.2 * 106 psi) (880 * 10 $6)
;#
(e) IF x # 2L/3 AND FIND " SO N
P/2 ATinJOINT !
3#IS(1REPLACED
THAT # PL/EA
% ")Pexpression N2BY # "P P, xthe 1 1 9 EA (8 PL % 11 "EA ) # 9
substitute axial deformation 1 3
above #& lower
3 end PL b of # the bar. Final Exam
9 11
EA 11") EA
; 4:59
2L Td2 L
NPL/EA ! 0.4096 in.4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 in.4
FIND " SO THAT solve!3 # for " (8 % # 9 9/24/08 1 p 4 4 C
1 # (1 % ")P N2in#axial
substitute "P deformation x # (b) What expression is the above elongation & !B ofb the
05Ch05.qxd # entire bar?AMDecember Page 394
15, 2020 IP ! 32 (d2 $ d1 ) ! 4Gâmax
;
3 " # 0.091 11
2L solve for 2L"2L (8 % 11"b )# 91 " ; d1 ! 0.60 in.
N1 # (1 % ")P[(1 +N2b)P] # "P bPaL
substitute inx axial # $deformation b expression above is &the of#the
32L PL (c)2LWhat ratio "AFD, 11 elongation
# 0.091 of the upperLhalf of the bar to the elongation of the lower
8Td2 8Td2 h
solve3for "9/24/08 34:59 Solve (f)
only Draw 3 out ofADD the - see4 plots 292
problems. above for x # 4 4 4 4

;(f) Draw
05Ch05.qxd + [(1 + EA b)P]
AM #Page 394Sec_3.5-3.7.qxd
bP a L $ half b of the bar? 1 " # 0.091 9/27/08 1:10 PM Page
3 d 2 $ d 1 ! d 1 ! d 2 $
115 3 EA L pGâmax pGâmax
substitute in axial Edeformation A 2Lexpression
3
+ 2L
above & 3 # PL b # 394 AFD, CHAPTER ADD 5 -Stresses
see plots in Beamsabove (BasicforTopics)
x# B
4[(1 + b)P] 3bPaL $ 3 b EA
11 3
11:37 AM Page 115
solve for " 3E A PL
EA
(f) Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x #
L
+4 # " # 0.091 3
5.5-4 AL, AB withA, q E, and weight W
Page 115
2L 3 2L CHAPTER 5 Stresses
394 EA in BeamsEA (Basic1. Topics) A prismatic bar ABProblem of length simply cross-sectional
supported wood beamarea
Problem
spanmodulus
length of elasticity
3.5-8 An aluminium tube has inside diameter d1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity G ! 27 GPa, and torque
[(1 + b)P] bP a L E$4 A 05Ch05.qxd b 9/24/08 4:59 AM 292hangs Page05Ch05.qxd CHAPTER
vertically
394 3 9/24/08 Torsion under
L ! 4 m carriesSec_3.5-3.7.qxd
4:59its AM own
a uniform load of intensity
weight (seeL9/27/08
q ! 5.8 kN/m
Figure T1:10 1). ! 4.0
(see
What
PM figure).
kNPage " m.is292 Thetheallowable elongation shear stress B of in the the entire is 50 MPa and the allowable normal strain is 900 # 10$6.
aluminum
Sec_2.3.qxd SECTION 2.3 Problem
9/25/08 Changes
11:37 3in AM LengthsPageunder 115 Nonuniform 3
2.3-12 A prismatic bar AB of length L, cross-sectional(f) Conditions
PL 115 areaDraw A, modulus AFD,ofADD elasticity - see (a) plots above
E, Calculate
Page 394
the maximum for xbending # stress smax due toDetermine the load q if the A h
+ Problem 5.5-4 # A simply supported wood beam AB bar? with span 09Ch09.qxd
length 9/27/08 beam has a 1:31
rectangular PM
A cross Page 3
section 714
with width b ! 140 mm the required
and outside diameter d2B.
and3 weight W2.3hangs vertically
EA under its own weight (see figure). 115 q
4 m carriesAa EA
Sec_2.3.qxd SECTION 9/25/08 Changes
Problem 11:37 inAMLengths Page under 115 Nonuniform Conditions
L !2.3-12 prismatic
uniform loadbar AB
of intensity of length
q ! 5.8 L, kN/m cross-sectional
(see figure). area A, modulus height of elasticity
h ! 240 mm. E,
E A M AXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INSIDE A load DIAMETER
08 4:59 AM Page
AT JOINT 3 IS REPLACED BY "P,
Sec_2.3.qxd
394 SECTION 4 (a)
9/25/082.31 Derive + 11b
8 11:37
Changes
Problem
a formula
inand
AMLengths PLfor
weight
Page under
(a) the
W
115Calculatedownward
hangs
Nonuniform vertically
the maximum displacement
Conditions under
bendingits C of
!own
115
L,Solution
stress smaxpoint
weightdue2.3-12C,
to (see
thelocated figure).
load ifatthe
qPrismatic distance A ofbar
h from (b) Repeat (a) but use the trapezoidal distuibuted
hanging vertically h
shown in the
L b
lower 2.3-12 A bar. prismatic B
beam has abar AB of cross length cross-sectional area A,394 modulus elasticity
PL the end # of the figure E, part (b).
rectangular section with width bt! 140
!mm ofand 2GâCHAPTER 5 at Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics) Substitute numerical values:
PL/EA 9 and weight EA W (a)1EA
hangs Derive
8 +vertically
11b a formula under
PL foritstheown downward weight displacement
(see figure). max ! CGg point
max ! C, located
max distance h from 292 CHAPTER
AL 3 Torsion Solution 3.5-8 Aluminum tube
# 2L/3 AND P/2 AT JOINT 3 IS REPLACED (b) BY "P, PLthe
height h ! 240
of394
mm.
SECTION 2.3 Changes
CHAPTER 5 in Lengthsinunder
Stresses Beams Nonuniform
(Basic Topics) Conditions 115 C (a)
What is the elongation (b) lower !B ofend # the thethe
entire bar.
bar?
L 4 $ OF 8(750 lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
2L (8 % 11 ") # 9a formula Repeat
EA (a) but
EA use trapezoidal distuibuted load shown in the
8 9+ 11b /2) W at
T(dlocated b
# " SO
ND"P/2 P THAT #!3 #3PL/EA
x JOINT "P, (c) What1 PL
(a) Derive PL forpart
figure the(b). downward displacement SECTION!2.3 C of Changes
t
point C,
!
2Lengths
inProblem # under
5.5-4 I Weight
distance
!
Td2h of
Nonuniform
A simply
Lfrom
! bar Td2
Conditions
supported wood h beam 115 AB with spandlength
(b)42 C!ELONGATION(0.8 in.) BAR —
q (h # 0) q
AT
3 IS REPLACED BY 2L is the
the lower (b)
ratio What
"
end# of ofthe isthe the
elongation
bar. elongation of the
! B of
upper the entire
half of bar?
the bar maxA to the elongation
I of
P the 2t lower 4Gâ p (6.2 * 2q106 psi) (880 * 10 $6)
; 714
1 9 EA (8 % 11 EA
" ) # 9 M INSIDE DIAMETER
;
T! (13# PL/EA
)P N Problem P x 2.3-12 xA half
# prismatic of the
AND P/2bar
bar? of3 ISlength L,BY"cross-sectional area modulus
L P ! 4 m carries a uniformmax
CHAPTER
(a) load of
115 9
intensity
max
Deflections
q ! 5.8 kN/m
AXIMUM
of
(see Beams
figure).
SHEAR STRESS
WL
AB +
of theA, ofof elasticity E,span DISPLACEMENT
# % " # " # SECTION 2.3 Changes
8 11b in Lengths under Nonuniform
(a) Conditions L
ormation expression
HAPTER 5 Stresses 2L
2 above &
in Beams (Basic 3 (e) IFTopics) b #
2L/311 (b) What AT (c) JOINT What isREPLACED
the ratio !BProblem of "the ofP, the 5.5-4 elongation dy1
APL simply upper
supported # half
PL wood the beam barD to
AB OWNWARD
thewith elongation length of thestress lower !CC to the hloaddq ifq# A B
)is#the elongation entire bar? p (a) Calculate the maximum bending
2 (see figure). q B max
due the B in.4 Substitute numerical values:
; 4:59
Td s h
(8 % 11" 9 its 1 of A Ggmax ! !B0.4096
2Gâ in.A4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956
Ptitute N2in#axial xand# weight
"P deformation W hangs
expression FIND " vertically
above " #&
SO THAT 3 #under
!05Ch05.qxd PL/EA
IF x #b2L/3 #half 9/24/08 own the weight
bar?AM L !3Page (see
4IS m 394 figure).
carries a9uniform EAload of1EA
IP ! intensity
8 +(d211b 4 qbeam
$! d— 4qConsider
5.8
) hasPLkN/m
! a rectangular an cross element section with
tdis-
at width max ! b ! 140 mm and max 2EA
3 (c)(e)05Ch05.qxd
0.091 What is the 11AND P/2
ratio 9/24/08 " of AT JOINT
the elongation
4:59 REPLACED
AM of
Page the BY "P,
upper
394 half of the PL bar32 to the #12 h !4Gâ
elongation
height 240 of mm. the lower h B ; 8(750 lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
SO THAT !32L tance from the lower end.
;
e for "2L
(a) Derive FIND1 " # PL/EA (a) Calculate (8
the % 11
maximum " ) # 9 + 9
bending
C Lat
EA
stress s EA due y
to
max
the load q if the T(d d /2) !
(c)inRtheATIO
1 0.60 in. Td Td 4 4
above a&Nformula for the downward # displacement "CP, of point C, 1 located8 11b
# distance
PL Amaxh (a)from h L
2
(e)(1IF%x "# )P2L/3 N2AND P# 0.091 x JOINT 2 2
BY ! tA
05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08 4:59 AM Page 394 OF ELONGATIONS
aLxial$deformation b expression 1# b #half #of ""the
P/2 bar?
AT
3 3 IS REPLACEDLbeam PL cross
(b) Repeat but use the trapezoidalBdistuibuted load shown
max ! IP d ! 1 ! 50 mm !B GL ! 27 GPa b d2 ! (0.8 in.) $ NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
.5-4 A 32LsimplyPL supported wood beam AB with " span 11length xx## 2L q has a rectangular y 19 (8 d%section ) 8Td#with 92 width b !4 140 mm 8Td2and IP 2tmax 4Gâmax p (6.2 * 106 psi) (880 * 10 $6)
AM #Page 394 2Lthe lower(f)
;
end Draw of AFD,
the bar.ADD -3 see plots above for 4EA 4 11" EA figure part4 (b). B
/08 4:59
+ EA
arriesb)P]a uniform bP EA aload
L $of intensity b q substitute
! 5.8
FIND
kN/m in "
SO
axial
(see
#
THAT
N 1
0.091
#
deformation
figure).
!(1 #% PL/EA
" )P N 2 #
expression above &3height " P
3 h ! b 240# mm. L
d 2 $ 1 !
pGâ Deflections d 1 ! d 2 $
pGâ by Integration of the Bending-Moment
T ! 4.0 kN " m % Equation
!
(b)
50 MPa & L ! 900 # 10 $6 %allow ! 48.60 MPa
3 3 PL solve for " 11(8h% 11") # 9 1 max max
C p L 4 Elongation Td2of upper half (a)
of bar ah #allow !b : in.4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 in.4
; 4:59 AMload
(f) Draw AFD, ADD 2L
-Stresses
see(b) plots above forbut x #use Figure allow
IP ! 1:
+ 2L b (b) What 394 CHAPTER x #5bar? inRepeat
Beams (Basic
(a) Topics) L 0.4096
# is the elongation
N1 # (1 %substitute "!)P B of q if2the
N in#axial
theentire
"P deformation expression above " #& 3 the trapezoidal
05Ch05.qxd b # 9/24/08 distuibuted Pageshown 394 in the (d2 $ d14) ! b 2
;
culate3bPaL the $ maximum EA bending stress EA smax due to the load A 3 L 0.091 B 11h 32 L Determine
4Gâ q max the required diameter d . REQUIRED DIAMETER
3 Solution 2.3-12 Prismatic bar hanging figure x # part
vertically (b). 1 B 394 Problems in9.3-8 through Topics)9.3-16 are to be solved — by integrating the second-order q
";
E has A PL (f) b2L Draw solve
AFD, forADD 2L - see plots above 2 d1 ! 0.60 in.
5 for
" CHAPTER 5 Stresses Beams (Basic
m + 4 a rectangular cross section with width
"3!of140 mm 394
and CHAPTER Stresses & 3in Beams (Basic
#to Topics) Solution(b) 5.5-4 2
(4000 N # m)(d2/2)
#(c) What [(1 +
is the ratiosubstitute in
the axial $deformation
elongation b of expression
the upper above h
supportedhalf of the barb
11the elongation of the lower
b)P] bPaL # 0.091 L 3WL
ght h! 5 240 EA mm. in BeamsEA Problem 32L 5.5-42.3-12
Solution PL A simply 2LPrismatic bar
wood (f) hanging
beam
Draw ABAFD,with vertically
span
ADD length - see plots above differential
for x # q(a) M equation
. of the deflection 8Td
curve
(a) 2q A (the
LLOWABLE bending-moment
(b) 8Td
.
SHEAR 2 STRESS equation). q Tr
HAPTER Stresses (Basic Topics) solve for Problem 3.5-8 An aluminium tubeinside3 has inside
AX BENDING
diameter ddd
STRESS DUE 4TO
$50 4
d1mm,
UNIFORM
shear
LOAD
d upper modulusd# 4 A
1 ! dof
4 elasticity Gof
MAX BENDING B
27 GPa, and torque
STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
$6G ⇤ 27 GPa,
05Ch05.qxd +" 9/24/08 4:59 AM #Page 394
b of intensity q ! 2. An aluminum tube has diameter 1! 50! mm, shear $
2modulus ! elasticity y 48.6 MPa !
halfAM of the bar? [(1 + L ! 4 m carries
b)P] bP aaLuniform
Weight $ ofload
3 bar PL
5.8 kN/m
(b) (see
EWy
0.091 figure).
N(y)dy Wydy L I 21is ⇤ 8EA
t!
4:59 3AMW # T"! A(h 0)supported
peat (a) but use
5Ch05.qxd the trapezoidal
9/24/08 4:59 distuibuted
Page05Ch05.qxd3 load shown
394 inEA the EA #4.0 LONGATION
kN m. AFD,
"Problem The OF
5.5-4 BAR
allowable The #
origin
shear stressof coordinates
in qLthe
2
aluminum isqspan at 50 the MPa pGâ
left-hand
andmaxthe (allowable end of each pGâbeam,
normal 1max strain
q and
is 1900qall
#1 10beams . IP p 4
Emodulus
A
9/24/08
A
Page
2L
394
(f) b Draw 394 ADD -simply
see plots above wood
for xbeam# AB with length % ) ! q50!MPa
[dP $ (0.050 m)4]
4T
ar AB of length L, cross-sectional area A, of elasticity
2L E, Solution L N(y) dd CHAPTER 5 Stresses in Beams
M (Basic Topics) S B(seeallowable allow 1 R c a b L + a b L d
$q Prismatic
Solution32.3-12 (a) Calculate
+ 5.5-4
the maximum bar hanging
bending stress vertically due and to # torque
the load q if the
m# #diameter ! !
(b)4E kN·m (see Figure 2). hThe shear stress in2 the aluminum is 48.6 MPa.
# s ⇤ A max 3 kN/m h
ure part (b). supported wood beam AB with span 4length d2B(h q 32 2
max A

;
Problem 5.5-4 ba rectangular bDetermine
LWL the required
carries outside
alength
uniform load of intensity .8 q#!0) 5.8 — figure). 2
[(1 + b)P] of3BASED 22
bPaL EA A STRESS simply Weight
supported of bar
wood !
.5-4 09Ch09.qxd 9/27/08 (a)
beam 3D 1:31 PM W # EA Page 714 !(f) !beam LmmAB with span EAhave
LONGATION constant EAL OF BARLflexural rigidity q EI. Elongation of lower L half bar:
nder its A simply
own weight (see figure). dy Mhas OWNWARD
PLE,A cross
DISPLACEMENT section with width
q 140 and
LOAD2q
area3A, (a) AX.ABENDING (b) - MAX . plots
E modulus
A C LOAD dAFD,
2 Aa prismatic
uniform loadbar AB of length q ! 5.8 L, cross-sectional + 4 L !height 4 of elasticity
mConsider
hcarries
! 240 # mm. a uniform
DUE TO UNIFORM
load of intensity Draw
Determine q B# 5.8 ADD kN/m
(a) the see
Calculate(see
BENDING
required figure).
the above STRESS
maximum for
outsideDUEx #TO TRAPEZOIDAL
bending diameter
stress 2 tod
due the .load q if the ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS ON NORMAL STRAIN

1 AM 1Page
arries of intensity kN/m (see figure).
2 an element at dis- DISPLACEMENT ! 2EA s uniform load (q/2) & triang. load
h (q/2)
(a)(a) ;
WL 3 beam AB with span length
max 2 A B
downward
hangs displacement
vertically under
bendingits C of
!own point
weight C,(seelocated
figure).q ifat
3distance dy(b)
h from 5 RepeatEA (a) butqL useEA the trapezoidal
Weight ! of
I DOWNWARD bardistuibuted A load shown in(b) Problem
the !C beam
L L !E4LONGATION
5.5-4 has
RA L!Wydy
A1asimply q BAR
rectangular supported 1W
(h cross qwood
1 bh
0) section with width bA!3.5-8 140 mmAn andaluminium tube q
hasBg
A Rearrange andand torque B
simplify:
E394 W cProblem
if L+the3of9.3-8 forWL 1 ! 503WL mm, shear WL
3
# a# b L2qd Derive bProblem
2 the equation of the deflection h RAd!curve adcantilever
A ACHAPTER Stresses Mtance in Beams (Basic Topics) d B aOF # inside (b)
1 tdiameter modulus of elasticity G ! 27 GPa,
part (b).y8 from the lower end.an element b Lload
culate the maximum stress smax due to the load the ! B Smaximum h
matichas abar AB of cross
length L, cross-sectional areammA, 394 modulus
4 C ofL elasticity A (a) figure Calculate
max
E, inqBeams
the AMh Consider bending
394 dstress (c)#Rs ATIO atdd
max dueELONGATIONS
dis-
4:59#
OF mto carries
height thehaload ! uniform
2394 240 2q2EA#mm. 2 2(L
intensity
A ! $5.8hkN/m 1)! 24.0 kN " m. The d
(see figure).
B # d $ qL #t ! 2Gâ $ #
am rectangular section with width b ! 140 and 05Ch05.qxd
CHAPTER 5 at Stresses 9/24/08 4:59
(Basic Topics) Page05Ch05.qxd C 9/24/08 12 T allowable
lower â
shear !
stress !
in
upper the aluminum is 50 MPa and the allowable normal strain is 900 # 10$6.$6
;
formula for the downward displacement of point C, located distance h from h h
WL beam supporting a load at the
thethe free
B
A end (see figure). Also, determine
! q Solution 3.5-8 EAL
Aluminum AB 2EAL
tube P max 3 max
ically
ght h ! under394
240 mm.its own weightProblem
CHAPTER 5 (seeStresses 2.3-12
figure). in Beams
C y dy bar AB of length
A prismatic
(Basic Topics) beam —(a)
L, has L DaOWNWARD
cross-sectional rectangular
C
2C wood beam AB with span length 2 tance ALDISPLACEMENT
area cross
A,y modulus
from section
the !Cwith
oflower
elasticity width
end. (b)
E,
(a)
d b
#
Repeat
!
Calculate
(c)
uniform 140 (a)
R the but
mm
load
ATIO
maximumuse and
(q/2)
OF
the
(a) &
trapezoidal
bendingS ! stressdistuibuted
triang.
ELONGATIONS load
h with L
S !due
smax
(q/2)
bhtoload
the load
6 bDetermine
shown q ifin
the required outside diameter d2. L 2 B 2G 2EA h b 8EA 8EA d 4
2 $ (419.174 * 10 )d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
erofend the ofentire
thethe
bar.
bar? and weight hangs Problem
h 4 mat5.5-4
vertically under its A simply supported 09Ch09.qxd B beam
9/27/08 figure 2EA haspart (b).
1:31
a rectangular PM
A cross Page section 714 bwidth ! 140 mm and
peat (a) but use trapezoidal distuibuted load Wshown in the yown weight
height 3h (see !offigure).
ABConsider 240 bmm. ancross-sectional
element at dis-LElongation ofqof upper 1the
half E,of bar ah 2d#Bq 2and
deflection : angle of rotation uB at the freefind end. x ! (Note:location ofUse the
zero shear
B

;trapezoidal
ureforpartthe(b).downward displacement !C of pointProblem L !2.3-12
located
C,05Ch05.qxd distance
carries A a prismatic
uniform
9/24/08 h Lfrom loadbar
A4:59
bh
of intensity AM length
q! Page5.8 L, kN/m394(see C B area
figure). A,W modulus height qelasticity
Solution
h! 240 5.5-4mm.
L L ( % ) ! 2G& ! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10 $6
) L
sethethe elongation
elongation of the of the half
!B upper entire ofbar?
the bar to the Problem
andelongation 5.5-4 A (b)
simply
of thevertically Repeat
supported (a) tance
wood h but beam y
use from
AB the withthe span lower
trapezoidal length end. distuibuted load 2 R shown— 2 qL in the allow 2 (a) allow Solve numerically:
Clower
q!
Bhangs R(L )AXuse
hELONGATIONS
second-order h differential equation the2 b of : the (b) deflectiond .upper curve.)
q 132 q L 2;
(a) Derive a formula for the downward Ldisplacement of point located dthe # A (c) $ Aofload
q ifat Cdistance h from bBENDING
weight W under12 its !own weight C,(see figure). (b) Repeat 2 (a) but the distuibuted shown aLh in# q TOb1TRAPEZOIDAL x q
Cq1 3Elongation ofSTRESS upper DUEhalf bar RA3/8
AOF
bar. hload ATIO (a) M . BENDING qqL b x ! 0LOAD q
y 714
TO UNIFORM LOAD MAX STRESS
:59 AM Page 394
Problem L !A (a) Calculate
carries a the
4 mprismatic uniform maximum
CHAPTER
(a)S bending
of intensity 9L, Sstress Deflections
!sbh 5.82 due kN/mto the
of
(see load
Beams
figure). L " DUE x" a
lower 2.3-12 2EAL
! length ! max part (b). B 2
abar AB of cross-sectional area A,and modulus of elasticity
figure part (b). figure E,
Solution the2.3-12 endwood Prismatic
of the bar. bar hanging Bhofsectionvertically 6 widthCb ! 140 hLmm 394 5 3WL 8 3.5-8 b(b) #—q 1 tube q#
! 48.6 2MPa
1 #
!BProblem 5.5-4 d2 ! 0.07927 m
s the ratio of the elongation of the upper half of the beam
bar has rectangular cross with A in Beams (Basic B
gation of" the entire bar? A simply supported
and weight W(a) hangs (a)beam
Derive vertically
Calculate ato
AB the
formulawith
the elongation
under
span
maximumforitsthe length
own downward
bending the
weight
lower
stress displacement
(see
smaxfigure). due to the ! C of
load q if q the C,
point dCHAPTER located # Stresses
at distance
find x ! h from
location qLof 2Topics)
B zero A M
L !I h max
shear LmaxSolution Aluminum (a)a b L 1/8
394 B upper
A C 2d
;
height
Wy
q h
hofend ! 240 mm.N(y)dy CHAPTER
2 Wydy 5 Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics) 8EA
Elongation M of upper ! s S !
half of hbarS ah # b (a) s !
: R ! c
lower +
2 a b L d 2
8 3WL
max
the bar?L ! 4 m carries a uniform (b) What loadisofthe intensity
elongation the qbeam!
lower!— 5.8 kN/m
the ofentire (see
the bar. figure).
bar? q with width b ! 140 mm and max A
2 2 3x +3 6Lx 2 2" 4L ! 0
" of the 4:59
24/08 elongationAM Page of the 394 upper half(a) of the Derivebar N(y) to
(b)
a formula
Repeat
the#height 2B (a)
elongation
has
for
a rectangular
dd
the
but # of
use
downward the
the cross section
trapezoidal
lower # distuibuted
displacement h !L
load shown
of point
qL
in the
2 C, located at distance h Lfrom d
B q upper1# x qb
C
2 L a 1 bh2 b q A B d2 ! 79.3 mm
L the h BPage EA
240 mm. EAL ProblemElongation of lower
" x half
hh2#of bar:
!
!BWy N(y)dy toWydy LL8EA
figure part (b). C
5.5-4 RAsupported " abeam b x ! 02 6 — uniform load (q/2) &"6 qtriang. load (q/2)
(a) Calculate the maximum (c) What isbending
05Ch05.qxd thelower (b)
ratio stress
9/24/08What
" ofW the
s is
4:59 due
elongation
Weight
AM
butto
elongation usethe of ofload
394 the bar q ifthe
of
upper the entire
half# ofbar? theload
A bar# theinelongation of the A simply
lower wood 2 AB withq span length 2q L " 1184 L22
8 (b) E4LONGATION 2 (h
3 q0)
the end of A the bar. Bdistuibuted B OFload Figure 2:
(b) Repeat #
max (a) N(y) the # trapezoidal dd shown the !3WL NORMAL
#1
bar?L1h! EAL
Mmax L! md1carries ! 50a uniform
714 mm (a)G
CHAPTER LBAR of27 GPa
intensity9 Solution
! 5.8b kN/m
Deflections — 9.3-8of
3(see L Beams
figure).
2
Cantilever beam q (concentrated
STRAIN GOVERNS x ! load)
beam q has a rectangular half ofcross
A the bar?section with
figure 394 width
part (b). b !
CHAPTER140
smaxmm
Wydy ! L 5 and W
Stresses smax
2 (b)
Solution EA
in !Beams
Bupper EAL
(Basic Topics) d # Elongation bh
WL of lower
C 3WL half
!2 qh 2WLq L of bar: 1
h2a)5.5-4
2(3)
Deflections Problem
" of the5.5-4
by Integration 1 of
bthe (a) Bending-Moment Equation
L L 2 2 A B
Topics) (b) What (c) dWhat is the dd ratio elongation
Sbar? A simply(L of thesupported halfwoodof the beam bar to ABthe with elongation
upper span3x + length 6Lx of the 4L
" stresslower
(b) ! 0smax RA ! MPa qL
;blower
5 Stresses in Beams height(Basic is the C elongation B of the entire
#!Wy # N(y)dy Wydy $ %8EA
1 1
Calculate the maximum bending $1due&to the load q if the $6
h ! 240
dy mm. half (a)of D#
hthe 4 m#DISPLACEMENT
carries L 2EAL a uniform L Wydy
bh2intensity
!.C6BENDING dTqlower
! WL 4.0 #kN dB" $ m(a)dfigure).upper #
12
!q 50 B MPasmax
2 4 # !bh 900 103WL
#EQUATION A %allow ! 48.60 3B L h
(b) Repeat (a) but use the(c) trapezoidal
What is the distuibuted
ratio
N(y) OWNWARD
" ofload theL4:59 dLC #
shown
elongation
dd
AMin the
ofdd
EA the #2 394
#(a)
upper EAL Mload
half AX of
of
# the bar
W
(L
toA 2d
qbeam
STRESS #!
B$height
the
—
h2)DUE
5.8
elongation
has kN/m
a rectangular
TOof
h ! Elongation
(see
UNIFORM
the
cross
"d6of
Sallow!section
LLOAD h1
"lower B
2EA
qwith
184
S!
ENDING
L2h$
half
width
2 6of
8EA
bh -MOMENT
ballow
!
Abar: 140
(b) 8EA
mm WL
MAX
and
.$ BENDING (EQ.DUE
WL
STRESS B9-12a) TO TRAPEZOIDAL x
! a LOAD "1 + q 184b
1 Px
05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08
Consider (a)2an h
Page
element h at 05Ch05.qxd dis-bending 3. simply 2EA 240
supportedmm. lower wood # d B beam d upper kNAB # B with span # length
REQUIRED L
find ⇤ x !4 m
location carries
L of zero shear a 6uniform#¿load " $of intensity (2L $ x)
;
A h W Calculate 3 L the maximum EAL 2EAL L (b) Repeat
stress Determine q due AM to the thex! required
load q if2(3) diameter
2the qAd 2.5.8shown in2EA L ! 4 m 8EA B8EA
DIAMETER (b)
part (b). B sA4:59 b ! 140 mm h L

1h(a) .1
!load
ticCHAPTER
bar hanging figure
vertically half394 of the bar?
CHAPTER Problems
5 Stresses
Problem (L 2 Solution in9.3-8
5.5-4 h Beams) through
(Basic q Topics) 9.3-16 are to
qL
9/24/08
2 be solved max — (a)
I byd but Page
integrating
use the 394
trapezoidal the q
second-order
Bdistuibuted
EI#– " M m" $P(L the dWL 1$ ! 50 qx) mm 1
G !q271 GPa b NORMAL 2EI
;
d # $ (b) s 5.5-4 !
A Wydy
simply supportedW wood beam AB with span length STRAIN GOVERNS
5 Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics) max
2 q ⇤
2 3/8 WL 3WL q L
q if
tance from qthe lower end. upper
#
1
Ation simply5.5-4 supported wood beam AB with span length C Ly beam L 4 has bh a rectangular
2
M 2cross section S with 5.8
figure width
partkN/m (b).b ! 140 (see mm Figure and 3). Calculate R 2 ! cthe a maximum
b L + a bending
b Lqd 1 xmax q! 0.52753 L
xstress due to the load
; LOAD
2EAL ! (c) R ! B
2.3-12 load Prismatic bar hanging verticallyC figure).L d
L C! 4 m #
differential dd
carries
dM
#
equation W
ahuniform of #
2240 the
load )of
(L
max
2deflection
TO intensity
UNIFORM8
$ h )curve
q(a) !q 5.8ATIO b
A(the Deflections
kN/m# OF
LLOWABLE ELONGATIONS
hA bending-moment
d(see
d(b)lower lower # # dby
.figure).
xBENDING
SHEAR #
STRESS
B STRESS$Integration
3 d1upperequation). # ! 240 mm
h TRAPEZOIDAL of
$ the qL
LOAD q
A
Bending-Moment
# 2 2 3Tr%2allow R2 A " Equation x " a (4000
(b) b x !N max
0 m)(d2/2) %allow ! 48.60 MPa3
;
AXheight h (L hmm. a " 1 +d M
B TO
; PxLwith width
uniform of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m (see C #
BENDING
EAL !STRESS
$ 2EAL
DUE MAX
!1/8
DUE $6
M #AX . BENDING
Weight of barSTRESS DUE TO y UNIFORM
(b) ELONGATION
LOAD q 5.5-4 OF BAR TheA(h (b)
#origin0)supported
MAX (b)qof. BENDING 2EAL
coordinates
!Repeat 5.8
kN
qL2beam (a)STRESSbut L! use
I4 isDUE mthe at TO the !left-hand
b TRAPEZOIDAL
trapezoidal 140 mm the
distuibutedbeam
end
LOADof q!has
load each L abeam,
Solution
shown 1 rectangular
b
5.5-4
inqsmax #!
the and
184 b 3/8
upper
61 max qall 1#beams
2EA
cross
smax# !3
8EA8
2 section
T2! y4.0 kNt"!
8EA m(a)
I b 48.6 ⇤ ! 250
140MPa MPa 2! L&allow
mm 2p
2
and ! 900 # 10
height h4d ⇤"240 $#(L) mm." PL
b Problem simply
(a)
A Calculate
wood
!themmaximum AB with span
qBbending
length stress h smax due ( % 2
allowto ) 1 the q50
A load
!c q MPa a ifb the EI#¿
aS A bM" $PLx qL
1L +L2 Determine q+ C
b P 2 4
0P $ (0.050 m) ]B REQUIRED DIAMETER
;
he
tion maximum
5.5-4 bar
Prismatic bending L stress
hanging smax due to the load q if the
vertically W Mofmax S!
qRof L +d lower L 1/8
d ! uniform load (q/2)
1Bthe &requiredtriang. +load
3x diameterh 6Lx (q/2) " 4L d2. !TO[d
4 mPrismatic 2figure 8hq2part (b). Elongation dupper half of 2bar DUE a hUNIFORM bbsolved
: 2q — by integrating the qsecond-order 2 3EI
;
m 5.5-4 A2simply
W Weight
supported of
!Cwood h beam
barSolution 2.3-12
LWL
AB !with carries
(b) Ehave
span alength
duniformbar hanging
load (L 1vertically
intensity
a (h
q#
)in!0) 5.8 h —
kN/m (see figure).
3 394 with Problems (a)(b)x9.3-8
M 2AX through
0.52753
!.2BENDING 3L 29.3-16 max
TOare 8# ato bh beLOAD (b) MAX . BENDING 32 TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
;
D
aMrectangular
OWNWARD qL cross # section
DISPLACEMENT I with width
LOAD qb d !# 140 mm 394
(b) and
#
LONGATION
CCHAPTER constant
beam OF
5DUE hhas
BAR
Stresses flexural
$ rectangular Beams rigidity
1 (Basic
LOADcross 2qqq 1EI. section
Topics) CHAPTER
width 5 Stresses
b ! 140 in
Solution Beams
max
mm 5.5-4
Lupper and(Basic 3/8Topics)
STRESS
6 STRAIN(b) 2
STRESS DUE

2 (4000 N # m)(d2/2)
M AX.ABENDING STRESS
! S DUE
! TO UNIFORM
B MAX . BENDING 2EAL
STRESS
R ! !TO240
c a mm
TRAPEZOIDAL
b L + 2 a bh
b L d A LLOWABLE b # SHEAR STRESS# 2 BASED# 3 ON NORMAL 2 # mq! A(the 1 "6 L " 1 184 2
2
m240 carries
mm.2a8uniform load intensity q !B5.82EA
h atof dis- kN/m (see figure).
(a) Calculate the maximum A bending stress max due to vertically the load q if the A differential equation &oftriang. L
3 S.the
max Prismatic shanging uniform AXload (q/2)
qL hdeflection
MIload (q/2) curve A bending-moment q equation). q1
Consider an (a)element Solution 2.3-12 2bar 1STRESS B TO1TRAPEZOIDAL Tr
;
(a) R(a)
p 4;
height 23 240 2 mm.
B STRESS 11.6 kN
WL q h0)
(a) M . BENDING ! LLOWABLE (b) MAXSHEAR . BENDING STRESS LOAD q
width3bA!2140 2 12
! max ! 2 1/8
2DUE TO UNIFORM LOAD
qL DUE
PL!
I DOWNWARD dM C1Aof RA ! xc !and
DISPLACEMENT !C beam has1a rectangular max
M tance
but W qL
max use
! y# Weight
from
the ! of
S the
trapezoidal bardistuibuted
lower end.an element load shown (b) E inLONGATION
the RA !W cProblem
d B#aOF# q BAR
Weight
b L Repeat+ (hof
1 cross
9.3-8
a# bar
1 bhsection
b L! qL
d Derive
with
the equation
(b) mm and
ELONGATION of the 1 BAR deflection
2A(h
The #
origin 0)Bg curve (b)lower
1in tthe
of smax
coordinates for 8!a B
L!
q Cwith
cantilever . sn!(0)
I2is h at!the 0MPa
"left-hand A
;
!3end " each0Rearrange 1 q 2 and
beam,
a bsimplify:
2 1 qall
L + a
2(3) 2 2 b B
1 3beams
Ld
u
y
"
t!
$#¿(L)
48.6 MPa
"
Calculate 8 the maximum h Consider2 bending (c)
stress R s
ATIO at due
dis-
OF to the
height
ELONGATIONS h load 240(b)
q if
2EA
mm. the M (a) Aload but use the trapezoidal
S ! b distuibuted
S
Problem ! OF
5.5-4 bh load simply 3WL
shown
h supported wood qL beam 4 AB span 8.63
length ( % )
allow 1 RA ! c b! 50
q MPa B IP 4
2EI 32 [dP2 $ (0.050 m) ]
max A 2
! 2 5.5-4 uniform 3 2 2
max
L 8 (q/2) B 6 âmax ! A ! R ! qL
Mmax ! t ! S2Gâ !bh 2q max a bL + a b Ld
q Solution (b) 2.3-12
Solution Prismatic bar hanging
12 vertically
a16 bh &
2 triang. load
at inhthe !(q/2) max (see figure). 2 L
AX;
(b).— WL 4 mdend # figure). q 4 uniform
Rbeam supporting load free E(see Also, determine
q !C AB P beam of3 intensity
;
beam (a)
hasDaOWNWARD
rectangular cross section with end. width Problem
bRepeat 140(a) but
mm 5.5-4useand figure
theA part
Ssimply
trapezoidal W #(b). Weight
supported
distuibuted of bar shown
wood
!Cload AB
theLWL with carries
(b)
span alength
have uniform load
constant flexural (h8 q# !0)
b h —
5.8 kN/m 3 2 2 x load3(q/2) 2 2&$6 1triang. load (q/2)
kNrigidity
2 tance y from the
dy lower !(c) S! upper L2 DUE 2G
q EI. PLx find xPx * 10$6 ! 0
2Cbh3L
DISPLACEMENT
Wy dB # uniform (a)
N(y)dy
(a) M D
load
ATIO OWNWARD
.A(q/2) & Wydy
OF ELONGATIONS
BENDING
!
DISPLACEMENT
triang.
M
STRESS
Solution
hload
DUE (q/2)
L11.6
TO
5.5-4 kN
UNIFORM # m LOAD q d # (b) MAX . BENDING
LONGATION
8EA
STRESS
OF BAR
TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD2q
A locationdSHEAR
!LLOWABLE 2of$ Lzero (419.174shear
! a "1 * 10 + ON )dNORMAL
184 2 b$ 6.25
b !+140 A mm + C2
figure part (b). ! 3
height bh3 h Consider
! 240 mm. an elementN(y) at dis-#Elongation L 2EA
of#! upper4 the mConsider
carries
deflection
half of#2abar uniform
anah max
12d(a)
element load
and b at:ofangle intensity
dis- !2 5.82EA
B
of qrotation kN/m
(a) (seethe
B athas
Calculate
ubeam figure).
the
qfree
maximum
WLfind end. x ! (Note:
bending bh
location stress
q ! 5.8 ofUse
s EI#shear
zero due2
the "
toL !$the load
4 m $6 q if the uniform load STRESS
L(q/2) & BASED
triang. 6
load
h (q/2) STRAIN
;
# 1B
dddy Solution
1 5.5-4
W qL (a) D8.63
B
; L (b) E!LONGATION withm
max
(a)
2andSTRESS
) the 6 R ! LqL (These
A Rearrange resultsandagree with BCase 4, Table G-1.)
simplify:
y#Rfrom !MqL
Iof 2bar end. 1a OF 1 cross q 0)1 bh
RA !(%d )b2BAR 2G& 2(27 GPa)(900 10
OWNWARD DISPLACEMENT bA! 140#
A !
Weight CL
Problemrectangular
L!(a) (h section
L!
width mm BSolve
q39.3-8
8 A 4:59 AM Page 394 a#
3
d1Derive 1 the
12(a) 1the the Bdistuibuted L(c) CRload EA EAL
sSmax ! MPa
Elongation B a# +of lower b 12 half q!of 2 .equation of deflection
qDUE gxcurve
TO1hTRAPEZOIDAL q(b) x3for
1 A tnumerically: a cantilever
Repeat tance y from
but1use lower end.
2trapezoidal L Rshown in
maxthe
tance the lower bhbar:
MqL
! ELONGATIONS cballow 2Sqallow ! 0.52753
q L
! 12 partS(b). (a) second-order
Calculate
3Elongation
!
the(a) 3differential
maximum . BENDINGbending anequation
aelementh(c)#
stress R2s atof
bmax duethe to deflection
theh.load q2EA curve.)
RAqL
ifSTRESS
the x S(b)
q 8 ofSTRESS upper half of bar : OF
AOF max
SSfigure !S ! bh2 bh
ATIO A (a) M AX. BENDING hDUEConsider
AX
LSTRESS qqL ATIODUE dis-
TO (b) UNIFORM
height
ELONGATIONS !2 240 2LOAD mm.
" 2DUE
! A"TO
2x 12 MAX BENDING
q RB xâmax !RaA !!3 bqLx !t0! 2Gâmax
LOAD
A " "
TO UNIFORM LOAD MAX BENDING TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
! hh ! a240 mm b1 x6! 2 0 shown in the
;
1h B R1h(b)
6 6 y 3WL — q 2 WL beam ! AB 48.6 supporting MPa L 2aBload . q. nP(0) at " the 0 free end 2C (see figure).
20qLd2L2 ! 2find Also, determine
Bh h dy #
Wydy
beam (a)has
qL L 2DaOWNWARD
rectangular 2 tance
I Mmax cross
y qL
DISPLACEMENT from 2sectionthe lower !Cwith
8 width
end.
M
(b)
(b)
Repeat
b uniform
!(c)q 140 (a)
R
but
mm
load
1
use
q and
(q/2)
the
&
trapezoidal
8
S
triang.
1
2 q load
!
1
distuibuted
2 q(q/2)
S ! bh C—load
q ! q 2 " 2G
0.07927
x ! location m b of zero shear d 4
$ (419.174 * 10 $6
)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
sW I 1 1 1
d upper 2 C L d # — ATIO OF ELONGATIONS h L 6
h L Elongation
find
8EA yL Mheight
x ! location
! 3 h find of zero Sxof shear
!! location #hsof bzero S 1shear
max B figure 2A part c (b). 2b L d2 qLWL 2
3WL WLthe free 2

;
!bar :!sdis- of2EARupper!the a! bL +
deflection a d and : angle of crotation
(y)dy2 2 Wydy of
maxupper Consider
!half 240 mm.
M anS2ah element 2max at Elongation half 2 dof3xbar ah b!! 0 R2 a2 2 b L# u+ 2B at a b 4L dend.
Lfind2 x ! (Note: location ofUse zero shearthe
2
8 3WL ! s 2 22#
max ! !
d # dd # bh # h(Lmax $ ) (a) max d Solution
1 max 2# 5.5-4 $ +3 6Lx
d "
MBmax 4L
# A ! $ 3x + 6Lx " 0 q 1 x q $6 L
;
# C 05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08 dq Repeat 4:59
A1#(a) AM
q but use
x tance Page 394 82 end. B a bh hb(c) SR 2
lower B1 2 upperB 2 8 2L2 qL2
Px L ( %
3 allow ) ! 2G&
2 2 2 (a) 2 Rqallowd !! 79.3 ! 2(27
mm GPa)(900 # 10 ) Solve numerically:
L qL2Wydy " LEAL hxupper 2EAL 1yq0from the the lower
trapezoidal
1 x q distuibuted load
ATIOshown
RAOFA! qL in. the of22EA x x"q a LOAD bx ! 0
second-order bLdifferential Aequation # m qqL28EA b of : the (b) 8EAdeflection curve.)
EA Wy EAL N(y)dy " 12aof aLh # MAX.bBENDING STRESS A " 1TRAPEZOIDAL
qL2 Elongation ofCAlower half bar: 3Elongation a of upper half
# Mmaxdd # #8 y 3WL2 Sfigure
! 2h part
8EA
LR2S(b).
bx !
! bh
A "6 —
22
qx3 "L2 a b x ! 02
6
3WL
(a) ELONGATIONS
uniform M AXload (q/2)
BENDING
26
bh
& "6 triang.
STRESS
"
DUE
M1
load
M184 (q/2)
TO UNIFORM
! L11.6
max #2bar " kN $
LOAD
8 (3L $ qx) !
RBA " DUE
48.6 2MPa
x" TO2
a 2b x ! L 02 q
bhB3 Solution 9.3-8 Cantilever beam# q find (concentrated qLxof !zero sload) I!Mmax uniform
s max !6EI 8 load (q/2) (b) & triang.
L 1 "q load 1 (q/2) 2q2 1 2 q L 2 d2 ! 0.07927 m
12 # ;
Wydy L5 SStresses
W EA EAL Elongation of lower 2 half 2 of bar:
L 2 d upper L —"6 184 1 3xL 2 2
W : 1 a;2 bh2 b x ! A
sPTER
max ! smax in
(b) Beams
! (Basic Topics) d # WL 3WL WL x! 1 location max
shear max
Figure 3: + 6Lx 4L 0
Mmax (L Solution
$ h a)5.5-4
2 2
2 2(3) S 1 2 " !
;
2 2 8 upper 3x + 6Lx " 4L ! 0 s ! q M ! s S ! ! s ! R ! c a b L + a b L d
Wyhd 2$ d 8EA N(y)dy Wydy
L8EA S ah b (a)
2
3 Elongation
2 RA ! of qLupper half of hbar
1 2 2 2
2 # 8 3WL !#
max max
#N(y)dy Wydy $max bh23 2
max 8.63 MPa 2 2 3x +3 6Lx 2 2" 4L ! 0
# 1h dd
3 L2 1h EAL
smax
# # (L h ) q 3d
;
s smax6 bh b dC # d lower
N(y) Bdd$ # upper 1 2 4 # bh 1# xxLq 3/8 1 2 d2 ! 79.3 mm
EAL
ddmax #! L 2EAL # Wydy !W S ! B
2EA
q d3x S !2 bh
ENDING 8EA
+ N(y)dy6Lx -L " 4L
MOMENT 8EAWL 2 EQUATION 3WL
0smaxElongation !STRESS (E
WL q DUE
Q . 9-12a) d upperupper
2+ q 184b R ! 6 qL P x
a 1bh6 b A 2(3) B
$ h22EAL
L
S (a)EAL MAX# . BENDING B " 6EA (b) qL !.$
)DUE LTO EAL Bof RAlower x half
" aof8EA bar: 1184 L 2 2
1(L2STRESS UNIFORM LLOAD"Wyh1 2 6of Abar: Wydy
MAX BENDING " TRAPEZOIDAL
TO !b xa LOAD "10shear
!
3 "6 L "
EA#
a2 bh2 b Elongation
x !N(y)lower
d of #lower #M 184 L2$
half
dd
B q#
d upper kN # 12 #2EA 1 b !# 4 mm bh2bfind #3WL x2 ! location 2 L #
L 2of zero q 3# 36 L2L2
A " $
#¿ 3 (2L
Lq $ x)
uniform load (q/2) &"6 triang.
x! L " load 1184(q/2) L22
; # 1upper 1h #$3d1#
2EAL ! s5.8 8L ! 4 m 8EA 2 140 8EA d (b)
bh3 Solution 1/8 9.3-8 Cantilever beam (concentrated x ! load)

#1
2max ! q qL 6 394 Wydy
CHAPTER smax2(3) 2!L 5
max
EI#– W
Stresses S
2M "
EA
in! Beams EAL
(Basic S ! Topics) bh
q q 21 Elongation lower of lower — half q of bar: 2EI x 1 2(3)
2 $6 x)
s4 I " (b) m!
$P(L 1 d 1 # WL s 3WL ! WL 1
) AL Wydy d Solution 5.5-4 2(3)
x;!
L L 2
simply 2 supported
WM 2! wood beam AB dCwith span length
3/8 S (LWL
max
6$ L" h2h )3WL
11
R2q184
2 !LcWL
upper 3x + 6Lx " 4L ! 0 s max ! 2 4 4 L bh q 2 RAa! qL+
dd # " b# 2 a dblower +# dBa $R db"8EA L184b
Wy N(y)dy Wydy Lq d # 12 1 xmax x q$ !max10.52753
W4 bh 2#load y
#+16hM184 b 13/8
(L $ h82)q ! S5.8 L kN ! "1
;
! $ a 6qL !2 -Problem
#bh2
#ies ahuniform 2 2 ofmax
h ) intensity
b #
h dN(y)
kN/m dh(see ##
lower x # dBEAL
figure). dd #d upper 2EAL
Lupper # h#
(a)Wydy
!L240
Mmm
bh AW
2q22STRESS
!2h5.8 3 UNIFORM2L2A!
upper
"d64
S !x " 2EA
m 2B
a S ! b xbh 8EA
d140
0MOMENT
mm 8EAWL find 9.3-9 3WLx ! location Derive
(EQ(b)
WL L.DUE ofthe
B9-12a)
zero 3 shear
3equation 6x ! aof x the deflection
+ 184b curve
1 Px
;
3 (L L$ bL22$
q dENDING EQUATION q1 184b
;
EAL 2EAL !1/8
L ad" C1 ddEA# 2EA EAL AX# . BENDING
28EA (L8EA 2 DUE TO
) m Elongation 2of
LLOAD h1 L !
2 6of Abar: (b)# MAX .$ BENDING
#bSTRESS PL
TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD ! +a "1
sq. max !kN qSTRESS
2EAL lower
LOAD qW Solution L b
5.5-4 # max 2# hs # 22(3)
3 8 Px L $ lower
"lower # 184 half
B upper kNkN find x ! location of zero "1
L shear 6 #¿ " $ (2L $ x)
;
BENDING
! 5.8 L 2! 4DUE m TOb TRAPEZOIDAL
! 140 mm EAL 2EAL x ! q ! 5.8 for a simple
2EA L ! dB1$"4 m
8EA beam $#(L) !
8EA AB140 mm
"loaded by a(b)
L
couple M 6
at the left-hand
2 to the load s ! 3
EI#¿ L qL
!
+ + C q 5.8 L 4 m b 140 mm

#1 # 1a3/8
! ! !
late the 4
mmaximum bending stress due 2 q ifs2max max
the " max
$PLx 2 2 2(q/2) 2
q 1 x q 0.52753 L 2EI
;1 cross
bh s Problem (L 5.5-4 h ) d Sq A M 1/8 1 uniform
qL load (q/2)
I 1
B d & triang. 3x
2 +load
h 6Lx2(3) " 4L ! 0
EI#– " M m m
" $P(L q
x) 1 x q !
1 0
;# aa 3EI
max ! Wydy
AL 4simply supported wood max
b 2beam with span . length
!
SAB MAXqL
d # $ lower WMUNIFORM 3/8 STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL WL 3WL 2q R qcWL
(L 2
hq2) C (a)xdmax L
Mupper 0.52753
!. BENDING
WLSTRESS
2 DUE max
a 2! 2
bhLOAD 2q h ! (b) upper
A "afigure). bx L"+ Also, bbxLq! dx "0 1 xamax x q!xmax 0.52753! 0.52753L L M0
h;
8 (L
5-4 q 1 section xbh 2# $mmqLRA !
;M
$
!c 1240 with width b 2EAL 61$ h ! b240 mm
AX TO BENDING LOAD
hhas a rectangular
a mm bL + a bh
b Ld
3
LdbC!
! 140
#4 m
mm dd
h carriesand huniform load 2 ofmax intensity #184 8 )q(b) 1b! 5.8 kN/m
#
h d lower d(see
lower #x # d"6
figure). B# $3" d1upper hh2!!240 240 support
mm #(see 22 22 2 3 L2R22A "determine bthex ! 0maximum deflection
a2EAL + PL3
;A
#(L 3!I $ )111.6 a q" 1 L+d
; 2L Use the second-order
! kN dC # #qL2 kN EAL " 8 !11/8 1184
upper
1184 qb1L 23/8 2EA 8EA Px 8EA 2
2 2 L2 B
. BENDING STRESS DUE;
2M kN m M
qtENDING
h!! 25.8 240 2 mm.DUE
2STRESS 3L TO !2 UNIFORM
24 12 m b ! 1q1402mm (a)
LOAD (b)dMlower
MAX
max ! q. BENDING
! 5.8 2EAL
1/8 S.L
3Solution L! .
STRESS Lmax
n!(0) !5.5-4
s
!DUE
4max m"! TOb6R
0
max!!
TRAPEZOIDAL
!A140 mmqL C s " LOAD!
0 qL q2RASolution
!L xc !a5.5-4 b b# L !+6 max a #b Lsmax d d # 32 2. 8(Note: 2PL differential equation d " of
$#(L) the "
qL Calculate smax8!them B C
qmaximum h ! bending 8.63 MPa stress S ;3M
2
1 due to the load2 q 2if thed lower
max smax
3EI#¿
2(3) S 2A2M" $PLx qL
!
maxqL +2 3xu +load +6Lx C 2 2
x
;
inWthe smax 1/8 1 uniform (q/2)
1B" &4Ltriang. ! 0 load
3x +h 6Lx (q/2)
" 4L ! 0 B
at (a)!but use m the trapezoidal
S! distuibuted
S ! bhload shown 1b xdmax qB " $#¿(L) (b) MAX" 3EI
Mmax !
4hq2)bh2 smax ! STRESS M TO! b 2
2 max
qL2load8 (q/2)I & triang. (L (a) Mupper 0.52753 L
!. BENDING max 8 8a bhLOAD
deflection curve.) TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
;(q/2)
orm load (q/2) 6 dC # beam 1$ 1 q 1 max 2AX
part (b). S ! # h 2EALRA !
has
h !c 240 a (a)
akN mm x M
rectangular
bmax
2
AX !
L + aPLxbh
. 0.52753
cross
BENDING
b2find
L
section
3 L
STRESS
L d xPx
with 3 DUEwidth TO b !
UNIFORMa140
8 uniform bh mm b
LOAD
x load # and q
(q/2) 3/8 &1triang.
DUE
3 Ibload
(b)
UNIFORM
MAX6 . BENDING
# m#!m (b) 1
STRESS DUE TO 2EI TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
q L " 11184
2
hM 240 mm ! location ofb zero # 6 dMshear ! a "1 qL2 + # 184 1!2 "6 q 1L 2 2
kN 1# qL ;
! 8
olution ! 11.6 kN hm
5.5-4 height 3h ! 2 2402 2 mm. 3 2 2 b !+140 mm 1/8 2M max !! 11.6 kNkN R qL 1 PL
MI 1+bh!
1
max 2 q ! 5.8 EI#
bh qL " L !$ 4 mqL 12 2 C
2 211.6
L lower
max
smax8! Bq.C.2 sn!(0)
! 3 6 S L ! M max 11.6
" 0MPa ; A
1! "6
3 Cq1 "results
L 0 1 184
" R A ! x
q 12L 22 with
c a b L + a b L d
2 2 ;
mthe 2(3)
! xc (These a b L + ab agree
h ! 8.63 3 Case22 4, Table G-1.)
! smax qL ! 8.63 (b) 2Repeat 12Mmax (a)!but m use the trapezoidal
M2max&!triang. S !2 (a) 3 distuibuted
SL S26
! q! max 1loadxshown qRA ! x3inmax 4 L RAMPa ! ; b Ld uB " $#¿(L) "
qLMPa uniform load81(q/2) load (q/2) ! 0.52753 bh s max
! 8.63
 3
+ [(1 + b)P]
EA 3
#bP a L $Sec_3.5-3.7.qxd
EA b Solve only 9/27/08 3 out of
" # 0.091
1:10 the PM 4 Page problems. 292
3 L
d2 $ d1 !
pGâmax
d1 ! d2 $
pGâmax
E A 3 PL (f) Draw 394 AFD, ADD 5 -Stresses
see plots above forTopics)
x#
2L + 2L # CHAPTER in Beams (Basic
3
M Page 115 4[(1 + b)P] 3 bPaL $ b EA EA L
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS 3E A 3 PL INSIDE DIAMETER (f) Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x #
+4 # 3
5.5-4 AL, AB withA, q E, and weight W
115
3 EA EA 1. A prismatic bar AB Problem of length simplycross-sectional
supported wood beamarea spanmodulus
length of elasticity
E394A CHAPTER 5 Stresses in Beams (Basic Topics)Substitute numerical Lvalues: ! 4 m carriesSec_3.5-3.7.qxd a uniform load of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m Problem (see 3.5-8 An aluminium tube has inside diameter d1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity G ! 27 GPa, and torque
figure).
Sec_2.3.qxd
t max
SECTION
! Gg
2.3 max
9/25/08 Changes
!
11:37inAM
2Gâ max
Lengths Pageunder
4
115 Nonuniform Conditions
05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08
115 4:59 AM292hangs Page CHAPTER
vertically
394
05Ch05.qxd 3 Torsion
9/24/08 under 4:59 its
AM own
Page 394 weight (see Figure
9/27/08
T 1).
1:10
! 4.0 What
PM
kNPage " m.is292 The theallowable elongation shear stress B of in thethe entire is 50 MPa and the allowable normal strain is 900 # 10$6.
aluminum
Problem 2.3-12 A prismatic bar AB of length L, cross-sectional area A, modulus of elasticity(a) E, Calculate the maximum bending stress smax due to the load q if the A h
bar? 09Ch09.qxd 9/27/08 1:31 PM Page 714 Determine the required outside diameter d2B.
T(dand
Sec_2.3.qxd weight
2/2)SECTION 2.3 Problem
W hangs
9/25/08 ChangesTd
Problem
vertically
11:37
2L !in2.3-12
AMLengths 5.5-4
under
Page TdAunder
A
its own
115 simply
2a prismatic
uniform loadbar
supported
weight (see
Nonuniform AB
wood
Conditions
beam
figure). 115
of length
AB
L,
with span
4 cross-sectional
length
4 area A, modulus 8(750 beam
height oflb-in.)
q has a
elasticity
h ! 240 mm.
(0.80
rectangular
E, in.)
A cross section with width b ! 140 mm and

tmax ! SECTION I ! !
4 m carries of intensity q ! 5.8d kN/m
2 C, !M
(see (0.8
AXIMUM
figure). in.) SHEAR
$ STRESS INSIDEA load DIAMETER
(a)1 Derive +P11b a formula
inand PLfor
weight the
W downward
hangs vertically displacement under
bendingits !ownC of
115 point
weight (see located figure).q ifatthe distance h from (b) Repeat6(a) but use the trapezoidal$6 distuibuted shown in the
59
3 IS AM Page
REPLACED BY "P,
Sec_2.3.qxd
394 IP9/25/08
2.3 8 11:37
Changes
Problem
AMLengths
2tmax Page under
(a) 115
4Gâ
Calculate Nonuniform the maximum Conditions stress smax due to the load Apof (6.2 *figure 10E, psi)(b). (880 * 10h ) L b
lower 2.3-12 A bar. prismatic B
beam has abar AB of cross length L, cross-sectional area A,and modulus elasticity
PL the end# of the maxrectangular part
(a) Derive a formula for the downward section with width bt! 140
displacement mm Gg of 394point CHAPTER
2Gâ located 5 at Stresses
distance in Beams (Basic Topics)
from Substitute numerical values:
9 and weight EA W1hangs EA 8 +vertically 11b h ! under its own ! ! ! C, h 292 CHAPTER
A 3 Torsion Solution 3.5-8 Aluminum tube
2.3 weight 5 (see figure).
PLSECTION max C max max L
AND P/2 AT JOINT 3 IS REPLACED BY "P, PLthe
height
of394
240 mm. CHAPTER Changes in Lengths
Stresses inunder Beams Nonuniform
(Basic Topics) Conditions 115 C (a)
AT !32L
p 4(b) What is the elongation
(8 % 11 Td 9a2formula (b) lowerEA
!B ofend
Repeat #
(a)the but
EA
entire thethe
use bar.
bar?
trapezoidal distuibuted load! shown 0.4096 in the in.4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 b in.
4 8(750q lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
# #3PL/EA I ! BY "P,(d2(c) $ d 4(a)
)1")! # 8 9+ 11b
Derive PL forpart the(b). downward displacement SECTION!2.3 C of Changes
point T(dlocated
C, /2) at distance
2Lengths
inProblem under
Td2h Lfrom Td2
Nonuniform Conditions 115 4C
! (0.8 in.)
dlength L 4$
;
P 1 figure t ! 5.5-4 I ! ! 2 — q
JOINT IS REPLACED What PL isthethe (b)
ratio " What#of of is
thethe the elongation
elongation of theB upper half of the bar to the elongation
! of the entire bar? A simply
of the2tlower 4Gâ supported wood h beam AB with span q
3 2L32 4Gâ max P
lower %end ) # 9 bar. ILP! 4 m carries p (6.2 * 2106 psi) (880 * 10 $6I)NSIDE DIAMETER
; bar? 714
half1AND 9of the EA(8max 11" EA d11b 0.60 in. CHAPTER 9 Deflections MAXIMUM ofhSHEAR
L/EA ! LBeams
a uniform max(a)load of max intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m (see figure).STRESS
)Pexpression
N2 # "Pabove x# & 3 (e) IF x # b 2L/3
# P/2 AT (c) JOINT What 3 IS is REPLACEDthe ratio Problem
BY " " of
P, theSECTION 2.3
5.5-4 elongation A1 simply 8of+the
Changes 1supported
in Lengths
upper PL
half under Nonuniform
woodof the beam bar to
AB the Conditions
with elongation
span length of 115the lower C q A B
Stresses 2L in Beams (Basic Topics) 11 (b) What 11")is#the elongation !B of the entire bar? PL # p (a) Calculate theTd maximum bending stress
2 (see figure). q B max
due to the load q if the B in.4 Substitute numerical values:
;
s h
FIND8Td (8 % 3 # PL/EA
1 of the
9 9/24/08 8Td a9uniform EAload of1EA 4q5.8 tmax ! Ggmax ! 2Gâ in.A4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956
! 0.4096
axial x#
"P deformation expression above" SO2THAT
" #&
!05Ch05.qxd
#b2L/3 #4half bar?
AT 2
L !3Page 4IS m carries BY IP ! intensity
8 +(d211b 4 qbeam
$! d— 12) has !PLkN/m a rectangular cross section with width b ! 140 mm and max
3 d24 $ d14 ! IF4 x!
(e)05Ch05.qxd AND P/2 4:59 AM 394 "P,
B 0.60 in. Td ;
0.091
(c) What d d $ JOINT REPLACED PL h
11 "isSO the2THAT ratio 2L
11 9/24/08 " of the elongation of the(8upper
4:59 AM Page 394 half of the bar toEA
32 the height elongation
# h ! 240of
4Gâ mm. the lower 8(750 lb-in.) (0.80 in.)
;
11 ) 9 9 EA max d !
! # PL/EA % " # T(d /2) Td
expression above &N1pGâ #pGâ max (a) Calculate the maximum 8 +bending stress due
AM to
sA4:59 usethe load q if the 2 1in the
FIND 11b 9/24/08 h L 4 4
b
rmation #(e)(1IFmax%x "#b )P2L/3 N2AND
#half #of""the P# 0.091
P/2 x JOINT
bar? 3 1 05Ch05.qxd PL(b) Repeat max (a) but Page the394 trapezoidal Bdistuibuted tA load shown 2
!B
2
b d2 ! (0.8 in.) $ NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
PL 11length
AT
3 3 IS REPLACEDLbeam BY "P,
2L q has a rectangular PL cross section # 8Td with 2 width b !4 140 mm 8Td2and max !
IP
IP d !1 ! 50 mm
2tmax 4Gâmax
GL ! 27 GPa p (6.2 * 106 psi) (880 * 10 $6)
Lsimply supported wood beam (f) AB with " span
L ;2
AM #Page 394 2L Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x # 1 9 4EA (8 4 11" EA ) figure
9 part4 (b). B
niformbP EAaload
L $of intensity
3
b
PL q substitute
! 5.8 kN/m
FIND
in "
SO N
axial
(see
THAT
# 0.091 1 # (1 % ")P
deformation
! 3 #
figure). expression
PL/EA N2 # "Pabove x# &3height
3 h !b 240 # mm.
11
d $ d1 ! %
pGâmax
#
Deflections d1 ! d2 $ by Integration of the Bending-Moment Equation
pGâmax T ! 4.0 kN " m
(b)
(a) %allow ! 50 MPa &allow ! 900 # 410
$6 %allow ! 48.60 MPa
; 4:59 AM Page 394
(f) Draw AFD, ADD 2L- see(b) plots above forbut x #use(8the % 11 ") # 9 9/24/08 1 distuibuted load shown Figure p 4 Td ! 0.4096 in. $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 in.4
IP ! 1:
2L solve for N1"# (1 %substitute ")P 394 CHAPTER x #5 Stresses inRepeat
Beams (Basic
(a) Topics) trapezoidal L in the 2
Le + b EAbending # N2in#axial "P deformation expression above & 3 05Ch05.qxd b# (d2 $ d14) ! b
;
maximum
$ stress
EA max s due to the load q if the A 3 L (b). B " # 0.091 h L Determine REQUIRED DIAMETER
figure 11 32 4Gâ q max the required diameter d2. d ! 0.60 in.
3 Solution 2.3-12 Prismatic bar hanging x # part
vertically Problems in9.3-8 through Topics)9.3-16 are to be solved — by integrating the qsecond-order
";
PL (f) b2L Draw solve
AFD, forADD 2L - see plots above 1 394
5 for
" CHAPTER 5 Stresses Beams (Basic
rectangularProblem #cross3.5-8 section with An width
aluminium ! 140 mm
tube 394
and has b inside CHAPTER diameter Stresses d 50
in Beams mm, #shear
(Basic Topics) modulus of elasticity (b)
Solution
G5.5-4
27 GPa, and torque 2 1
(4000 N # m)(d2/2)
[(1 + substitute
b)P] in axial
bPaL $deformation expression above &1 3! b # 0.091 L ! 8Td 8Td
240 EA mm. in BeamsEA solve3for 9/24/08 Solution
Problem 32L 5.5-4 2.3-12 A
PL394 2L simply Prismatic bar
supported wood (f) hanging
beamDraw AFD,AB with 11
vertically
span
ADD length - see plots above differential
for xtube #q(a) has Mequation
AX. BENDING STRESS of the DUEdeflection curve
(a) A(the A bending-moment STRESS equation). Tr
d(b) $MAX. BENDING
2q LLOWABLE SHEAR 2 STRESS TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
Stresses
4.0 (BasickN Topics) Problem 3.5-8 An aluminium inside diameter ddd 4TO UNIFORM
50d14mm,
$6 shear
LOAD
modulusd14 ! of4 elasticity Gof B TOand
27 GPa,
DUE
torque
$6G ⇤ 27 GPa,
T! " m. Page The05Ch05.qxd
allowable +" [(1shear !stress in aaLthe $ aluminum bbarof intensityisq ! 502. 5.8MPa and the allowable normal 3 strain 2 is 900
12!
110 . pGâ ! y
L I#
05Ch05.qxd
L 4:59 4 mAMcarries #bP Page
uniform An aluminum tube has inside diameter $⇤ 50! mm, shear 2modulus elasticity t! 48.6 MPa !
ut
d use the trapezoidal
9/24/08 4:59 AMdistuibuted 3 load shown
394 9/24/08
+
inEA b)P]
the4:59 3AMW # Page EA Weight 394 3ofload PL
kN/m
T "! (b)
#4.0(see
0.091 figure).
ELONGATION
kN
b " m.
Problem The OF BAR
allowable
5.5-4 The A (h #
origin
simply shear0)supported stress of coordinates
in
wood qLthe beam aluminum
AB with is at
is
span 50the MPa
length left-hand
and maxthe ( end
allowable
% )of each pGâbeam,
normal
50 MPa 1
max strain
q and
is 1900 qall
#1 beams
10 . I p
to the(f) loadDraw AFD, ADD 5 -Stresses
see plots above !for x#S! h q ! q P
length L,Determine the A,Emodulus
required A outside A diameter q394 [dP42 $ (0.050 m)4]
d5.5-4 ba. rectangular
2L
4T
cross-sectional area of elasticity
2L E, Calculate
Solution L stress CHAPTER in BeamsM (Basic Topics) allow 1 RA ! c a b L + a b L d is 48.6 MPa.
$q Prismatic
Solution 2.3-12 (a) + 5.5-4
the maximum bar hanging
bending vertically
smax due and torque if the ⇤(b)4Ehave kN·m (see Figure 2). hThe allowable shear stress in2 the aluminum
b). 2 # A ofmax d2B(h 3 kN/m q
;
409Ch09.qxd
[(1 + b)P] 3bPaL Problem EA A STRESS simply W Weight
supported of bar
wood bDetermine
!beam ABLWL the
! with required
m carries
span outside
uniform diameter
alength load intensity .8 q#!0) 5.8 —q (seeEI. figure). 2 3 22 32
mply weight
own supported(see woodfigure).beam AB with span length dy 3 E A
9/27/08 (a)
beam
(a) Mhas 3D OWNWARD
AX.ABENDING
1:31 PL PM
A cross #
DISPLACEMENTEA Page
section 714
with !(f)
width
C LOAD
Draw q 140
dAFD,
mm
#
and
ADD (b) - see . plots
LONGATION
above
constant for
OF
x
BAR Lflexural
TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD2q
rigidity ALLOWABLE L
smatic loadbar AB of length q ! 5.8 L, cross-sectional area A,+ 4modulus 4 of elasticity E, DUE TO UNIFORM
Determine (a)the
MAX BENDING
required STRESS
outsideDUE # diameter 2 tod SHEAR loadSTRESS BASED hON NORMAL STRAIN
2 .load q if the
mConsider hcarries B 5.8 kN/m
L !height 2a uniform loadatof dis- intensity q! (see figure).
form of intensity kN/m (see figure). ! 240 # mm. an (a) element 2EA Calculate the maximum bending stress smax due the uniform (q/2)
B & triang. load (q/2)
;
(a) WL 3 beam A
rd
rticallydisplacement
under
bendingits C of
!own point
weight located
C,(see figure).q ifat
3distance h from dy(b) 5 Repeat EA (a) butqL useEA the trapezoidal
Weight ! of
I DOWNWARD distuibuted
hbar end.
ADISPLACEMENT
load shown in(b) the E!4LONGATION
Problem C beam 5.5-4 hasA1asimply q BAR
rectangularsupported
L+ (h
1 cross qwood1 bh
0) section AB
with with
width span bA! length
140 mmAn andaluminium tube q
hasBg
A Rearrange and simplify: B
E394 W cProblem of9.3-8
3
A ACHAPTER Stresses Mtance in Beams # (Basic Topics) RA ! ad B aOF# a# b L qd Derive bProblem
the 3.5-8
equation of the deflection curve
inside (b) for adcantilever
1 tdiameter 1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity G ! 27 GPa, and torque
part (b).y8 from the lower b Lload
maximum stress smax due to the load the ! B Smaximum
rtangular
AB of cross
length L, cross-sectional areammA, 394 modulus
4 C
05Ch05.qxd of L elasticity
A (a) figure Calculate
9/24/08
max
E, inqBeams
the
4:59 AM h Consider
Page bending
394 an (c)
stress
element R sATIO at
max
L OFdue
dis-
! mtoheight
ELONGATIONS the
carries hload ! 2 uniform
240
2 q if
2EA
mm. the 3 intensity
2 2 A ! 5.8 kN/m (see figure).
B âmax stress h
! !R ! qL t ! 2Gâ
section with width b ! 140 and CHAPTER 5 at Stresses (Basic Topics) 12 T1 ! 24.0 shown kN " m. The allowable shear A in3 the aluminum ismax
50 MPa and the allowable normal strain is 900 # 10$6.
(b).;OFA
05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08 4:59 AM Page 394
ader foritstheown downward
weightProblem displacement
2.3-12 ! ofy point C, located distance
beam —
L, (a) h from
hasLDaOWNWARD rectangular A cross section q Solution
!Cwith width 3.5-8
(b) Repeat WL
!(c)140 Aluminum
(a) beam but
mm useand ABthetube supporting
trapezoidal max a load P at the free
distuibuted load in the A end (see figure). Also, determine
5 (see figure). A prismatic bar AB of length cross-sectional area A,y modulus theoflower elasticity b uniform L2 d2B. 2G d42 $ (419.174 * 10$6)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
S S bh
dy Topics) C 2 tance LDISPLACEMENT from end. dE,
094 C (a) Calculate the maximum bending
(a)ELONGATIONS ! stress s ! due to the load q if the h b
mm.
thethe
ntire bar.
bar? CHAPTERSolution and weight 3.5-8
Stresses in Beams
hangs Aluminum (Basic
Problem
vertically 5.5-4
under tube A simply
its own supported
weight
2C wood
(see beam
figure). AB with span 09Ch09.qxd
length B beam
9/27/08 # figure
q 2EA has partR load
ATIO
1:31
a rectangular
(q/2)
PM & triang. hloadL(q/2)
cross Page section with 714 width 6 bDetermine
! 140 mm and the required outside diameter
1the E,of bar ah 2d#Bq 2and
deflection
use trapezoidal distuibuted
ownward displacement !C of pointProblem
load Wshown in the h 4 matcarries
L !2.3-12 A y h Lfrom
a prismatic
height
loadbar bh 3 Consider
h !of240 length bmm. an element
cross-sectional at dis- LElongation ofofupper half b : angle of rotation uB at the free end. (Note: Use the find x ! location of zero shear
located
C,05Ch05.qxd distance 9/24/08uniform AB
of intensity
A4:59 AM q! Page5.8 L, kN/m 394 (see figure). C B area A, modulus height qelasticity
Solution
h! 240 5.5-4
mm.
L L (%allow)2 !(a)2G&allow ! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10$6) L
gation
on of the of the half
!B upper entire ofbar?
the bar to the Problem 5.5-4
andelongation of the A simply (b)LdisplacementRepeat
supported
12 (a) tance
wood hbut beam use from
y weight
ABthe with the span lower
trapezoidal length end. distuibuted Rload Rshown — qL inusethe Solve numerically:
(a) Derive a formula weight for the
W Bhangs
downward Clower
vertically hload under its !own
Cq1 of point C, located
(see q ifatthe
figure). distance (c)
h from (b) ATIO Repeat AOF 2q!(a)
(a) second-order
but
3Elongation
ELONGATIONS
M the trapezoidal
AX. BENDINGof upperh differential
distuibuted
DUEhalf
Aofload bar equation
shown aLh in# the2 b of
qqL : the (b) deflection
MAX.bBENDING curve.) q TOb1TRAPEZOIDAL
x q
b x ! 0LOAD q
oof
Page 394
roblem
of the
" the 5.5-4
elongation A of
simply
Problem
the
the lower
upper
supported
2.3-12
end
half
L !A
of
woodof the
(a)
thebeam y
bar.
beam
bar
714
Calculate
4 mprismatic
carries
to
AB has
a the
the
uniform
bar
maximum
a rectangular
with elongation
AB CHAPTER
(a)S
span
of
figure ! length bending
of intensity
cross
length B
part
hofsection 9
the
Sstress
L, ! Deflections
lower
sbh
! 2 due
5.8
max
cross-sectional
(b). kN/m
6 widthCb ! 140h mm and
with
to the
(seeofload
area L Beams
figure).
A,394q
modulus A of elasticity
CHAPTER 5 at 3WLfigure
Stresses
E,
part (b).
A in Beams (Basic
B
2Topics)
STRESS
B
TO UNIFORM LOAD
2 q
L STRESS
RA " DUE
! 48.6 2MPa
x" a
2q L 2 d ! 0.07927 m
(a) Derive a formula for the downward displacement of point C, located distance h from qL I M L 8 (b) — 1 q 1 q 1
smaxSolution 3.5-8 Aluminum R2A ! c (a)tube
entire bar? and weight W hangs vertically ! d # find x location of zero A
shear max 2
q h h ! under its own 2 weight B(see
(a) Calculate the240 maximum bending stress smaxfigure). due to the load C q if the upper ! L! h
of394
A ! C
;
height
Wy mm. N(y)dy Wydy 8EA Mof B smax S of! :! 1 2 a bL + a "b 4L L d2 ! 0
CHAPTER q 5withStresses in 140Beams (Basic Topics) Elongation maxupper half hbarS ah # b (a)
2
L ! 4 m carries a uniform (b) What loadisofthe intensity
elongation the qbeam!
lower!— 5.8 ofend
has kN/m
the entire
a rectangular (see
the bar. bar?figure).
cross 8 3WL 2 2 3x +3 6Lx 22
elongation
4:59 AM Page of the 394 upper half(a) of theDerivebar N(y) to
(b)
a formula
Repeat
the#height 2B (a)
elongation for dd
the
but # of
use
downward the
the trapezoidal
lower #section
displacement
distuibuted width
h L
!
loadb shown
of
!
point
qL
inmmthe and
2 C, located at distance h Lfrom d
B q upper1# x qb
C
2 L a bh b q A B d2 ! 79.3 mm
L the h ! BPage EA
240 mm. EAL ProblemElongation of lower
" x half " h aof bar:
!BWy N(y)dy toWydy LL8EA
figure part (b). C
5.5-4 RAsupported b x ! 02 6 — uniform load (q/2) &"6 qtriang. load (q/2)
(a) Calculate the maximum (c) What isbending
05Ch05.qxd thelower
the (b)
ratio stress
9/24/08 What
"
end
(b) ofRepeat
the
s
of is
4:59
A
maxthe due
(a) AM
bar. butto
elongation
elongation usethe
N(y) of394
the load the
trapezoidal ofq ifthe
upper the
dd entire
half # ofbar?
Bdistuibuted theload
A bar# shown theinelongation
the of the A simply
lower
B load 2 wood h2 beam 2 AB withq span length Figure 2: 2q L " 1184 L22
# 3WL NORMAL
#1
bar?L1h! EAL
Mmax 8 L ! 4 md1carries ! 50a uniform
714 mm (a)G
CHAPTER L! of27 GPa
9
intensity
Solution
3 q ! 5.8b kN/m
Deflections — 9.3-8of
3(see Beams
figure).
L 2
Cantilever beam q (concentrated
STRAIN GOVERNS x ! load)
beam q has a rectangular half ofcross the bar?section with
figure 394 width
part (b). b !
CHAPTER 140
Wydy
s mm ! L and
5 SStresses W s EA
2 (b)
Solution in
theBeams
!Bupper EAL
(Basic ofTopics) d # Elongation bh
WL of lower
C3WL !2 qh 2WLq half L of bar: 1
h2a)5.5-4
2(3)
Deflections Problem "L of the5.5-4
by Integration 1 of
bthe (a) Bending-Moment Equation
Lthe ratio max max 2 2 A B
ses in Beams (c) dWhat is dd #!Wy elongation A simply(L of supported halfwood the beambar to ABthe with elongation
upper span
3x + length 6Lx of the 4L
" stress lower
(b) ! 0smax RA ! MPa qL
height(Basic Topics)
mm. (b) What is the C elongation B of the entire # N(y)dy bar? Wydy $ %8EA
1 1
Calculate
dTqlower the
#kN maximum
dB" $ bending $1due&to the load q if the $6 %allow ! 48.60
m(a)dfigure). # B MPa 2 4 #
h ! 240 12 smax L h
hthe bh2intensity ! 4.0 upper !q 50 !bh 900 103WL
#EQUATION A 3B
half of 4 m#carries L 2EAL a uniform L Wydy Mload of 5.8 kN/m (see B -MOMENT (EQ.DUE B9-12a)
N(y) # dd #(a) W qbeam
! — has a rectangular cross Sallow !section 2EA S! 8EA
bh ballow 8EAWL WL Px
(b) Repeatd(a)! but50 usemm the(c)
trapezoidal distuibuted load shown L # AMin thedd AX .6BENDING (L 2STRESS
N h 2 DUE
) TOof UNIFORM LLOAD h1 qwith ENDING
L2h$
width
2 6of
!
Abar: 140
(b) mm
MAX
and
.$ BENDING STRESS TO TRAPEZOIDAL x LOAD 1
+ q 184b
1 G
What !
05Ch05.qxd is 27 the GPa
ratio9/24/08 " of the L elongation
4:59 d C h of
Page EA the # upper
394
h EAL half of
# the bar to
3.2 9/24/08
A the$
ORMALelongation
height
L (b)simply h ! Elongation
STRAIN
240
AMsupported
mm. the lower
b "6 d
GOVERNS of
lower
"lower
wood # 184 d half
B qbeam
d upper kN #
AB the B
Lwith
! 4 m span
# length
REQUIRED L DIAMETER
find ⇤h 4L m carries
x ! location !of azero
"1shear
a 6uniform#¿load " $of intensity (2L $ x)
;
h W (a)2 Calculate 3 L the maximum2
EAL05Ch05.qxd 2EAL
bending stress Determine q due to thethex! required
load q if2(3)diameter
2the Ad!load2.5.8shown in2EA 8EA B8EA
(b)
L
part (b). B sA4:59 b ! 140 mm

1 1
anging figure
vertically half394 of the bar?
CHAPTER Problems
Problem5 Stresses(L 2 Solution
5.5-4 in9.3-8
h Beams ) through
(Basic q Topics) 9.3-16 are to
qL be solvedRepeat max — (a)
I byd but Page
integrating
use the 394
trapezoidal the q
second-order
Bdistuibuted
EI#– " M m" $P(L d 1
$ ! q
x)
50 mm 1
G ! q27 1 GPa b N 2EI
;TO
d # $ (b) s 5.5-4 !
A Wydy
simply supported
W wood beam AB with span length ORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
R 5 Stresses woodinbeam Beams AB(Basic Topics) max
2 q% ⇤
2 3/8 WLCalculate 3WL q WLa maximum L
to the load q if
0 # max
beam 4 has bha # rectangular 2cross upper 1
supported
4Prismatic with span length C L qLW 2
Mmax !$ hsection Swith 5.8
figure width
partkN/m
48.60
(b).b ! 140
MPa (see mm Figure and 3). R2A ! # cthe b L + a R bending b Lq(b)dx " 1 xamax q! 0.52753 L
xstress due
;
2EAL ! ! B
bar T ! 4.0
hanging kN " m
vertically % ! 50
L dC!MPa
differential #4 m h(a) ddM&#
carries equation . a h !
uniform 900of
2240 the
load# 10
2deflection
of (L$6
TO intensity
UNIFORM8
)curve
q (a)!q allow
5.8 Ab
(the Deflections
kN/m#
h
LLOWABLE
A bending-moment
(b) d(see
lower # #
figure).
.x
SHEAR dby STRESS
B $Integration
#STRESS3dd1upper equation). # h ! 240 of
$ the
mm
qL
LOAD q Bending-Moment 2 2 3 Tr 2 A "
2 Equation (4000
b x !N m)(d /2) 48.60 MPa3
;
height h (L $2EAL mm.
h) B 2 % !
; PxLwith width
load of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m (see figure). allow dC # AX allow BENDING
EAL !STRESS DUE LOAD MAX
d lower !1/8 BENDING DUE TRAPEZOIDAL $6
184 b 3/8
upper 2EA 8EA 8EAT2! y4.0 kNt"! m(a) %allow 48.6! 250MPa MPa 2! L&allow 2 ! 900 # 10
mm." PL
allow
IbP b3x⇤ height h ⇤ 240
kN a "1 + M 8
t of barSTRESS DUE TO UNIFORM
NDING (b) ELONGATION
bLOAD q 5.5-4 OF BAR TheA(h (b)
#origin 0)supported
MAX (b)qof. BENDING
!Repeat 2EAL
5.8 qL2beam
coordinates (a)STRESS but L! use
I4 isDUE mtheat TO the !left-hand
b TRAPEZOIDAL
trapezoidal 140 mm the
distuibutedbeam
(%endLOADof q!has
)1load each L abeam,
Solution
shown 1 rectangular
b
5.5-4
inqsmax #!
the and61 max qall 1#beams cross
smax# !3 2 section 140 mm 2p
and
Problem simply
(a) Calculate wood
the maximum AB with span
bending length stress R due 2 to the q50 load MPa q if the EI#¿ " $PLx qL
+ + C 2
0P4 $ (0.050 m)4d]B "REQUIRED $#(L)
;
mum bending L stress
Determine due to
the the load
required q if the W M m S q s c a b + d a
S b 1/8
d uniform load (q/2) & triang. +load
h 6Lx (q/2)
" 4L ! [d
(b)diameter .of(Lintensity
s R L A L L
cAbar hanging vertically
max 4 mPrismatic A d2OF max !
2figure 8hq2part (b).
! B h EQUIRED
max allow DIAMETER
q (a)(b)
A ! lower M ! 1 Determine q
2q — by integrating 1
B the required diameter
the qsecond-order d . 2 3EI
DIAMETER

;
2simply
W Weight
supported of barSolution
!Cwood beam 2.3-12
LWL
AB !with carries
span alength
Ehaveduniform bar hanging
load
1vertically
a (h
q#
) !0) 5.8 h —
kN/m (see figure).
3 394 with Problems x9.3-8
M
dmax 2AX !.2BENDING through
0.52753 3L 29.3-16
2 DUE TOaremax
8 ato bh beLOAD
2
bsolved (b) MAX. BENDING 2 TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
32
ON ;
qL lar STRESS
cross #section I with width
LOAD qb d 140 mm (b) and 394 LONGATION #
CCHAPTER constant
beam 5DUE hhas
BAR
Stresses flexural
$ rectangular rigidity
LOADcross 2q q 1EI.
1 (Basic section CHAPTER
width 5 Stresses
b ! 140 in
Solution Beams
mm Lupper5.5-4 and (Basic Topics)
3/8 STRESS UNIFORM
6 STRAIN(b) 2
STRESS DUE
binsL Beams
bTopics)
ARD DISPLACEMENT !#
N # m)(d2/2)
. BENDING 2EAL TO240 mm 2 aqthe load bh
c TRAPEZOIDAL
astress Lq dif the ALLOWABLE
# #
!
max+due to
NG
S(a)
DUE
! TO UNIFORM
B 5.8 kN/m MAX STRESS
RPrismatic ! buniform
#SHEAR STRESS #qL 2 &BASED # 3MIload NORMAL 1(the "6 L " 11184 L22 LOAD q
.2ar8uniform
an (a)element load atof intensity
dis- q ! 2EA (a) Calculate (see
Solution figure).
the maximum
2.3-12 A bending bar hanging vertically differential equation
load (q/2) of the
triang. hdeflection(q/2) curve A bending-moment 1 q equation). q 1 Tr (4000
;
A (a) 2
p 4;
height 23 240 2 mm.
B 11.6 kN m
WL q h0)
(a) M . ! q LLOWABLE (b) .
SHEAR STRESS
Ahdistuibuted 2 with width3bA!2140 2 12
! A
Weight ! of
I DOWNWARD
bar DISPLACEMENT !C beam has1a rectangular
(b) E cProblem
q BAR (h 1 cross 1 bh section qL mm and 1 BAR Tr Bg curve dM AX
max ! 2 1/8
lower
BENDING STRESS
3 (4000
q.Cwith
DUE
2
SL!. n!(0)
TO
max UNIFORM
N 8.63 "m)(d
LOAD
0MPa RA /2)
2 ;
!! qL C1A" each
MAX BENDING
0Rearrange RA ! xc !and
STRESS B
DUE
a bsimplify:
L + a
TO TRAPEZOIDAL
2(3) 2 2 b B Ld y t! 48.6 MPa PL!
#he from the S the
trapezoidal
maximum lower
h Consider
LLOWABLE
end.an element
2 bending
load
stress
SHEAR
(c) Rshown
s
ATIO at AOFdue
dis-
STRESS
inLONGATION
theto RA !W
height
d
theSolution
ELONGATIONS hload
B#aOF
2 240
# Weight
2(b) 2EAif +the3of
qb5.5-4
L Repeat
mm. 9.3-8
a# Mbar
2(a)
b L!
A
d Derive
but use thethe S(b)
trapezoidal equation
! ELONGATION b Problem of
distuibuted
S B! tthe
OF
5.5-4
! deflection
bh 2A(h
The
load #
simply 0)
origin
shown
48.6
h Rsupported
(b)
1in tthe
of
MPa
smax
qLcoordinates
wood for
qL
!
8!a B
beam4Scantilever
AB I2is shmax at!the
span lengthleft-hand (3%endallow)of 1 !Rq50 MPa 1 q 2 and
beam,
b
2 1 qall 1 3beams uB " $#¿(L) IP " 4
max
Solution
!
Prismatic uniform bar
2 max
hanging L
load 8 (q/2)
vertically &
2 triang. load !(q/2)
!! M 2Gâ bh q c a b L + a b L d P
2EI 32 2 (0.050 m) ]
[d $
(b) 2.3-12
12 1 6 E(see â ! A ! t ! ! 2 (see figure). 2 L !
AX;
at inhthe
max
WL q 4 uniform
A
Rbeam supporting a6 bh load free 4 m end
P figure).
Ialength Also, determine
q !C AB P beam max of3 intensity pb LOAD hmax
;
DaOWNWARD Problem
bRepeat (a) but5.5-4 use figure
theA Ssimply
trapezoidal part
W #(b). Weight
supported
distuibuted of bar shown
wood ABLWL with carries
(b)
span uniform load (h8 q# !0) 5.8 kN/m — 3 2 2 x load3(q/2) 2 2&$6 1triang. load (q/2)
rectangular
2 tance(%cross
allow)1 !
y from
DISPLACEMENT section
the with
50
dy lower MPa width
end. dB # !(c)
uniform140
(a)
(a) M
mm
D
load
ATIO OWNWARD
.A
and
(q/2) & triang.
OF ELONGATIONS
BENDING
!
DISPLACEMENT
Mmaxhload
STRESS
Solution
DUE
S!
(q/2)
L11.6
TO
5.5-4 kN
UNIFORM #!mCload
LOAD q d #
the
(b) MAX have
. BENDING
LONGATION constant
STRESS L2 DUE 2G
OF BAR flexural
TO TRAPEZOIDAL kNrigidity [d 42qq EI.
$ PLx findm)
(0.050 xPx 4A locationdSHEAR
!]LLOWABLE 2of$ Lzero (419.174shear
! a "1 * 10 + ON )dNORMAL
184 2 b$ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
Consider
! 240 mm. an element at dis-Elongation figure L 2EA
of !upperpart
4 the m(b). carries
halfdeflection
Consider of abar uniform
an ah 1
element d
!load
andb of
:
at intensity
angle
dis- of !B2 5.8 kN/m
qrotation 2EA (a) Calculate
u (see
at the figure). free
the maximum findend. xbending
(Note:bh
location
q
3
stress 5.8ofUse EI#
zero
smax due2shear
the "
2
toL the $ load
4 m q if theb + 140 mm + C uniform loadSTRESS L(q/2) &BASED
triang. 6 load
h (q/2) STRAIN
;
(a)
# WL 1 cross ! ! ! ! A 2 R ! LqL 1 B
dy Solution 5.5-4qLR ! (a)2qL D8.63 ; with32 $6(a) (These
A Rearrange resultsandagree with BCase 4, Table G-1.)
2 B
1 Weight !Mof
I! 2bar end.
OWNWARD DISPLACEMENT !C beam
L (b) ELONGATION LBRA !(has 1a OF
%dcallow q) BAR
rectangular
2 L!(a) +2G&(h a# q 0) 1 bh
section
L! 2(27 m GPa)(900
width bA! 140# mm 102and ) the 6 BSolve simplify:
bProblem q39.3-8
AM Page 394 Bdistuibuted W y#from MPa B a# b 12
3
d1Derive 1 the 2 .equation of deflection
qDUE gxcurveq(b) x3for
1 A tnumerically: a cantilever
1the the TO1hTRAPEZOIDAL
)ance
but1usey from lower end. A s
2trapezoidal (c) CRload L Rshown qL inmaxthe
tance the lower qb2EA 2Sqallow 0.52753
q L
M
! ELONGATIONS ! (a) Smax . BENDING x S(b) !
!S ! bh2 bhALLOWABLE SHEAR
ATIO
STRESS AOF
A (a)
(a) Msecond-order
Calculate
3Elongation
BASED q 8 ON
AX. BENDING the
ofSTRESS maximum
upper
NORMAL 3differential
hDUE half
Consider
AX TO bending
ofSTRAIN
UNIFORM baranequation
LOAD h(c)#
aelement
stress
LSTRESS R2s
qqL ATIO atof
bmax
DUE : OFdue
dis-the
TO to deflection
height
(b) theh.load
UNIFORM
ELONGATIONS
MAX !2 240
BENDING 2LOAD mm. curve.)
RAqL
ifSTRESS
the " 2DUE
! A"TO
2x 12 hh !
q! MAX
TRAPEZOIDAL
a240 mm b1 x6!
bhLOAD
2 0 shown in the
BENDING
q STRESS
RB A " xâmax" !RaA !!3 bqLx !t0! 2Gâmax
max LOAD
rtS(b).
1 ;
6 6 y dy 3WL beam —(a) has 2DaOWNWARD rectangular tance cross
y from section
theq lower ! with 2 end. width (b) bRepeat! WL
q 140 (a)beam but use
mm !
andAB
the48.6 supporting
trapezoidal
S 2 MPa 2distuibuted
SL 2a load
.
bh q.
load n P(0) at "the 0 free end ! 2 C(see " figure).
2 0 2 L 2 2GAlso, determine 4
d upper # find x ! 2!
location C qLLof zero shear
2
I Mmax qLL DISPLACEMENT 2 C 8 I Mmax dB(b) # Rearrange
(c)
— RATIO
uniform load OFand
q(q/2) & 8triang.
ELONGATIONS
!
1 simplify:
q h1load q
L(q/2)
! B
6 2 — C 1 q 1 q2 1 qfind Ld2 ! 0.07927 m
find x ! locationb of zero shear d2 $ (419.174 * 10 )d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
$6
find Sxof !! location ! # sof bzero S 1shear
figure 2A part c (b). 2b L qL
;
8EA y Mheight smax !bar at:!sdis- of2EARupper!the a! bL +
deflection a d db2 !
and
Wydy g h tElongation of
maxupper
bh3 h8 3WL Consider
!half 240 mm.
M anS ah element Elongation 2half 2 of3xbar ah !: angle 0 R2A ! ofcrotation a2 2 b L3xu+ 2B at a the free L dend.
b 4L 2 x ! (Note: location ofUse
xthe
zero shear
! s 2
2 22#
max ! +3 6Lx
394 82 (a)
h max max Solution
1max 5.5-4 "
MBmax 4L
+ 6Lx " 0 q mm 1GPa)(900 q $6 L
;
05Ch05.qxd 9/24/08 4:59 AM Page h S 1 2 2 L 2 L 3 ( % 2 2 ) ! 2G&
d !! 79.3 ! 2(27 # 10 )
qPx
2
EAL N(y)dy L qLâ 2
max ! ! B ofRtCAlower !Lh2Gâ
(b) d
q Repeat
xupper
A
" 12max
1 # x
(a) q
tance bbut 1useyq0from the the trapezoidallower end. 6
1 x q distuibuted
B a bh b
(c) Rload ATIOshown
R A! qL in. the
second-order 2 differential B 8
of2 barAequation aLh # qL2 b of
qL
: the (b) deflection
allow
MAX.bBENDING STRESS
2 (a) 2
curve.)
allow
R
qA " x x"q a LOAD
1TRAPEZOIDAL bx ! 0 Solve numerically:
qL2 2Elongation half
Wydy " aof 8EA bar: x! 22 (a) 3Elongation
AOF ELONGATIONS
M a of bh upperbL " half q
dd # #8 2G
y 2 Sfigure
3WL
! 2h part LR2S(b). ! bh
A "6 — qx3 "L2 a b x ! 02 3WL d 4uniform
$
AX load
(419.174
(q/2)
BENDING
26
& STRESS
"6 triang.
*
DUE
10
M
load
maxmax
(q/2)
TO UNIFORM
M$6
1 !)d
184 #2 "
L11.6 $
kN
LOAD
$# m6.25 2 8* (3L 10 $$6 qx) ! 0 !
BA " DUE
R
48.6 2MPa
x" TO2
a
2q L 2
2b x ! L 02
ax
W Solution EA EAL + Elongation
bh B 3
Solution
! of lower 2! half 9.3-8 q 223WL of Lbar: Cantilever
2 d beam# q (concentrated
2 qL x ! s load) I ! M 2 uniform
s
sL b :!
! 6EI8 load (q/2) (b) & —"6 triang.
L 1 " q load
1 184 (q/2)
1 2
q2 1
La 2+b 6Lx 2 d ! 0.07927 m
(a) 1 a;2 bh2 b x ! A
2
Stresses s in Beams
(b) !
1 2(Basic8Topics)
d hupper3x# 6Lx " 24LWL 3WL find x ! 1 ! location of zero max
shear max max
R2 Figure 3: 3x L d2 " 4L ! 0
$ h2a)5.5-4
max 2 2 upper 2(3) S 1
M $1 22 4 # ;
0smax 2 RA !Mof S of
smax !!bar ! c a b L3x +
)dy max (L2Wydy Wy $#d 8EA N(y)dy 12 # Wydy L8EA
3 Elongation qLupper
max
8 3WL half S ah !# 8.63max MPa 2
+3 6Lx 2 2" 4L ! 0

L2 1h EAL
d lower hsmax
EAL#(a) Wydy (
smax % bh
!W b
) ! 2G&
N(y) # # d! Bdd
2(27 upper
S !GPa)(900
#
B
2EA 2 bh #
8EA - 10 bh
bh$6 2 2
8EA ) (E . 9-12a) dq 3upper1# xxLq 2 a 1bh6 b
2 2
2(3) d2 ! 79.3 mm
A# S L
EAL MAX# 6
. BENDING
allow 2
1(LSTRESS
2 2 allow
$ h )DUE LTO UNIFORM
Elongation B
d of EA
LLOAD"Wy h1 3x
q dEAL S!
ENDING
L2$
+
2 6of
6Lx
dN(y)dy Abar:L MOMENT "
(b) MAX 4L
qLWL Wydy ! .$ 0 s
EQUATION
BENDING 3WL !
maxElongation WL
STRESS DUEq Q BSolve
ofAlower
R " x
TO TRAPEZOIDALnumerically:
half
" aof8EA bar:
b x
! a LOAD "1 + q 184b
! 0 2 1
R#¿ A!
6 qL P x A
"6 L "
B
1184 L 2 2
#lower half
"6 184 uniform load (q/2) &"6 triang.
L " load 1184(q/2)
a2 bh2 b x !N(y)lower
#M dd
B # upper kN # 12 #2EA 1 b !# 4 mm bh2 find 3WL x2 ! location 2 L L 2of zero shear q 3 36 L2L2 " 3 $ (2L
L $ x) x! L22

# 1upper 1h #$3d1#
2EAL 8L ! 4 m 8EA 3 (b)
Solution —9.3-8 Cantilever2EI beam x (concentrated load)
q ! 5.8 2 140 8EA q x
sS S !1Topics) bh
2 max !
qL 6beam! 48.6 I MPad 394 L Wydy
CHAPTER smax2(3) ! L5EI#– W "
SStresses Min!m
EA Beams
! EAL
(Basic 2 $6 q x) L +#d1upper q# 21 Elongation bh
4LWL ! of slower 3WL!2! half q WL of2 bar: 1 1 2(3) 2(3)
h" $P(L
Solution (b) 5.5-4
x;#
2
mply dy
bh2 #supportedWM 2! wood AB dCwith
L
span length
3/8 2max 3x + 6Lx
x 0q$
max qL
)3WL R2q184 kN dBad$ L0.07927 m
WL 2h s!
L" 11 2 !LcWL q d "# 4 4#
2RA!
(L RAa! qL+
dd # "6 b# 2 a dblower db"8EA L184b
max
Wy N(y)dy Wydy $ 12 1 xmax 10.52753 bhbh y
+1 M184 b 13/8
(L $ h82)q ! S5.8 ! "1
;
2
! $ a 6qL !2 -Problem
orm
(L2L$ 2 2 ofmax
load h ) intensity
b #
h dN(y)
kN/m dh(see ## x # dBEAL
figure). dd #d upper 2EAL # h#
(a)Wydy
!L240
Mmm
bh AW
2q22STRESS
!2h5.8 3 UNIFORM2L 2!
upper
S !x " 2EA
2B
a S ! b xbh 8EA 0MOMENT 8EAWL find 9.3-9 3WLx ! location Derive
(EQ(b)
WL L.DUE ofthe
9-12a) zero 3 shear
3equation 6x ! aof x the deflection
+ 184b curve
1 Px
;ma $P(L
lower Lupper ! 42of m 140 mm
L;
3AL bL22$
q dENDING EQUATION q1 184b
; 2PxL
2EAL lower !1/8
L ad"1 # ddEA 2EA EAL AX# 2
2(3) . BENDING
8EA 8EA
(L $ 2 DUE TO
) Elongation "6 LLOAD h1
"lower 184 L
half !
2 6of Abar: (b)
kN MAX .$ BENDING STRESS B PL
TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD ! +a "1
LG qSTRESS LOAD qW Solution C # !6h 3 L2# hsmax max
!3
8 m dx !! d lower
79.3
# B qq!!5.8 d upper kN # # find x ! location of zero "1
L shear 6 #¿ " $ (2L $ x)
" mm
L bsmax
5.5-4 #
;
L 2! 4DUE m TOb TRAPEZOIDAL 2
2EAL 5.8 for simple 4 m 140 mm
B1$beam loaded by a Lcouple M0 at the left-hand
EAL L b 6
qqx) AB
! 140 mm 2EA ! d "
8EA $#(L) !
8EA " (b)
2 EI#¿ qL
+2qL beamload + C L 4 m b 140 mm

1 # 1a3/8
! !
4 bh
maximum bending stress smax ddue#toProblem the load 2 q ifs2max
)thed! Sq A2M" $PLx 2 2 2
1 1xmax xqq! 1 0.52753 2EI
;1 cross 5.5-4 1/8! uniform
1wood (q/2)
I1B(b) & triang. 23x2 +load
3/8h STRESS
6Lx2(3) (q/2) 4L ! 0
EI#– " WLMm"3WL
(a)(L !. h d upper
;# aa 3EI
Wydy
ALlowersimply supported with span . length
SAB MAXqL
$ WMUNIFORM b2 2 2q R qcWL
)tangular C L
x Mupper
# dmax
0.52753
W4LSTRESS
max
a 2! bhLOAD qh ! A "afigure). bx L"+ Also, bbxLq! dx "0 1 xamax x q!xmax 0.52753! 0.52753L L M0
h;
8 (L
q 1 section xbh 2# $mmqLRA !
;M
with width b 2EAL 61$ h ! b240 mm
AX BENDING DUE TO BENDING DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
m
bL + a bh
b Ld
3
LdbC!
! 140
#4 m
mm dd
h carriesand huniform load 2 ofmax intensity # 8 )q(b)1b! 5.8 kN/m
#
h d lower d(see
lower #x # d"6
figure). B# $3" d1upper hh2!!240 240 support
mm #(see 22 22 2 3 L2R22A "determine bthex ! 0maximum deflection
a2EAL + 184 PL3
;A
#(L 3! )11.6 a q"1 L+d
; 2L Use the second-order
dC # # EAL $ "1 11/8 1184 qb1L 23/8 2EA 8EA 8EA 2 2 L2 B
0kN qL2 kN 8 upper
1184
I max ! Px 2
. BENDING STRESS DUE;
mm. 3L TO 2 UNIFORM
24 12 2EAL M ! kN mmax M 8
b ! 1q1402mm (a) (b)dMlower q. BENDING 1/83SolutionS.L L !5.5-4 TOb6R !! mmqL q2RASolution 3 2. (Note: 2PL differential equation of the
2 x ! max
2RESS DUE ! m LOAD MAX
max ! ! 5.8 L! .
STRESS
n!(0) s 4DUE m"! 0 TRAPEZOIDAL
!A140 C s " LOAD!
0 qL !L c a5.5-4 bsmaxb# L !+6 a #b Lsmax d d # 2
d " $#(L) "
Calculate smax8!them B C
qmaximum h ! bending 8.63 MPa stress
max
S ;3M
2
1 due to the load2 q 2if thed lower
max 3EI#¿
2(3) S 2A2M" $PLx qL
!
maxqL +2 3xu +load +6Lx C 2 2
x
;
inWthe smax 1/8 1 uniform (q/2)1B" &4Ltriang. ! 0 load
3x +
h 6Lx (q/2)
" 4L ! 0 B
m the trapezoidal
use S! distuibuted
S ! bhload shown 1b xdmax qB " $#¿(L) (b) MAX" 3EI
!
4hq2)bh2 smax ! STRESS M TO! b 2
2 0.52753 L max
(L (a) Mupper!. BENDING max 8 8a bhLOAD TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
(q/2)I & triang. hload (q/2) 6 dC # beam has 1 $a (a) x
rectangular M 2
AX ! . 1 0.52753
cross
BENDING q 1 section
b2find
L
3 L
STRESS with 3
max
DUE width TO b
UNIFORM a140
8 uniform
! bh mm 2AX
b
LOAD and q 3/8 DUE
;(q/2)
(b)deflection
UNIFORM
MAX6 . BENDING curve.) STRESS DUE TO 2EI TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
S!#
mm
2EALRA ! h !c 240 akN mm bmax L + aPLxbh L d xPx ! location ofb zero # x load #
6 dMshear ! a "1
(q/2)
qL2 + #
&1triang.
184 3 Ibload # m#!m (b) 1 1!2 "6 q L " 11184 q 1L 2
2
2
kN 1# max ;
6 kN hm height 3h ! 2 240 2 mm. 3 2 2 2M max !! 11.6 kNkN
.5-4 2 q ! 5.8 EI#
bh qL 2
"L !$ 4 mqL 12 2 b !+140 mm MI max 1+ ! C2 211.6
L lower
mthe
! 1/8
smax8! Bq.C.2 sn!(0)
3 6 S L ! M max 11.6
" 0MPa ; R A
1!
qL "6
3 Cq1 "results
L 0 1 A184
" 1R ! x
q 12L 22 with
c a b L +
2(3) a b L d PL
2 2 ; ! xc (These a b L + ab agree
h ! 8.63 3 Case
22 4, Table G-1.)
(b) Repeat 12Mmax (a)!but m 1use the trapezoidal
M . BENDING S !2 (a) 3 distuibuted
SL S26 ! bhload xshown
qRA ! x3inmax qL RAMPa ! ; b Ld uB " $#¿(L) "
3 MPa &s!triang. ! qDUE TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
4
q Lbh 2smax ! 8.63
max

;
qL
BENDING STRESS DUE TO UNIFORM LOAD qqL2S uniform load
S(b) !8 MAX (q/2)
bh2max load
hSTRESS (q/2) hx 6"
! 0.52753
2 L 2 32 2(3) 2EI
max8! RAq" 2 s x ! 0LOAD 3uniform 2 x2shear
!
figure part a8.63 bMPa
hh ! 240(b). mm6 # ! PLx find xPx ! location of zero
load (q/2) &1triang. load (q/2)
a + 184 b
8 qL 2
I M 8
M
Solution 1
max ! 11.6.
B5.5-4 C— q. n (0) " 0 2
kN m
1 q
4 bh!1
2Cq2 "20q L 2find x ! location
max
1 bh q
3
5.8
kN
of EI#
zero shear " L $ 4 m b + 140 mm + C L
1
! "1
6 L
2 ! ! ! 2
A! c ;
! tion of zero
1 2 # smax S shear
!!
max
smax ! RA M 2
! qL qL
! 8.63R2
2
MPa a2 2 b L3x 2 TO a
+ b L d2 ! 0q 2Sq ! 121 xS(b) m 2uniform(a) x 6 load
qDUEa TO (q/2)
1 +x&q1triang.
RA ! qLload (q/2) (These results agree with Case 4, Table G-1.)
smax! q! 1MAX x3max ! 0.52753 L
1 2 (a)max3MAX8. BENDING kN + 3 6Lx 2 2" 4LLOAD bh2 . BENDING STRESS ! x ""1TRAPEZOIDAL a 6 b184 x ! b0LOAD q
$maxx) L ! 4;
bh8kN m h S 2STRESS 2 DUE RAqL
UNIFORM
11.6 bh Px 3qL " x "hh ! a240 mm b 6x ! 0 RA " L
16 x q a bh b M A qL$ 2 q !8 5.8 Bm b! 140 mmB.Cq. n (0) " 0 1 2Cq2 "20q L 2find x ! location of zero shear
a b x !; 02 6 smax find! Mx #"
11.6
!location kN # of m zero (3LI m M 8 2 2 2 L 2qL 2 — 1 qRA ! ! 1qL 1
S shear
!max
8.63 2 LMPa
max uniform !12 6EI load !(q/2)! 1&"6 triang. load
1184 !(q/2) L222+ 6Lx M 4L2!! 0 R2A ! c a 2 22 b L 3x+ a !"0.52753 b L d2
M s s L" smax 2x
2 S max !Smax 8 a;1 bh2 bShx!!S bh2
max 3x "max 3+3max 6Lx L
2 2 4L !RA0 " q x " 1 a x q b x ! 0
;
h3 2 3 L 2 smax ! 8.63 MPa ! 1 2 8 Px2 qL
q 1 x q1h 6 h ! 240 mm 6 a bh b M A $
4L ! 0smax qL! 2
q 2 RA " x 2" RAa! bqL x ! 02 2(3) 6 smax !
"6 L "Mmax1841 ! 11.6
max # 2 " kN m
L 2uniform # load
8 (3L
find
(q/2) Solution
$x !
&
x)location
triang. 9.3-9
load
B
of zero
(q/2)
2
Simple
2 L2
shear beam (couple M0)
12 1 2 4 bh 32 L 2 L 232 L 2 x! s ! 6EI "6 L " 1 1843x 2
L 22+ 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
a; bh2 b x !
max
S ! bh 8 smax ! q 2 bh3 x
qL 2 1 s2(3)
S
max ! 8.63 MPa
1
h1184 s max L 2 6
! M ! 3 L 1 6 BENDING q -MOMENT EQUATION (EQ. 9-12a)
2
1 2 kN 3x2 +4 6Lx bh " 4L2 ! 0s max ! ! q azero "1 + 184b 2
! qL RA " x " a y b
12(3) x q B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
(b)8ofbh 6 qL of
"6 L " 1184 L22
b ! 140Problem find 9.3-9 x ! location shear 1 2 RAcurve
max
qa! bh 5.8b L!4m mm 12 1Derive 2L4 the
2 equation x the deflection
L x! 0
2(3) m kN S ! L ! 4 m S !M bh140 # ! a "1 + 3 184b L 3
x 2 2 1L 2 x ! 2(3)
M0 L
6 q ! 5.8 for "6 a L simple
" h 1 184 ! beam M
qL max2
2
b6! maxAB
! 1 xmax
mm
11.6loaded
x q! kN 0.52753 by
m a L 8
couple L smax ! 6 q 2
M at 4 the
bh left-hand azero +M 2" 184b x
qL2 m s kN s ! 0
140Problem find9.3-9 Derive
x location 2 L + the
!
EI#– of "1
M0equation" shear
" 4L6 ! of M 0 !0thea1
a "1deflection
$ b
184b curve
y B . C . n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $
;
x! max
RA "figure). xq " a max
bdetermine
x L!!0 4 m x ! 0.52753 L ! 3x (b) 6Lx x 1
1 h ! 240 mm support 2(see !S 5.8Also, 1 the max b! maximum mm
kN deflection + L 3
M184 b h ! 240 mm 2(3) 2 s ! 2 8.63 L
m 2 MPa a bh 2
b L 6
max 8 max
6differentialfor
q ! 5.8
m a simple
L ! 4 m beam
qthe AB
b ! 140
1 xmax
mmloaded
x q! 0.52753 byA a Lcouple M0 at the left-hand B
!6 smax qL !2 d qL2. (Note: 2 Use the second-order
2 equation RA of
4L2mm ! 0qL a "6bLdetermine ! 01184 Lthe x2max ! 0.52753 L M0 x
;
S Mmax ! 1 2 Mmaxx !max 3x 1 + 6Lx h !"240 h 240support mm (see "figure).
2
x " Also,
2 L 2
x" 2 maximum
x 2 deflection M 0 x
53 L 8 a bhLOAD b q ! deflection
(b) a8MAX"1 .+BENDING M184curve.)
max bSTRESS
2 LOAD q
!
x !EI#¿ " M ax $ 2 B + x ) 2
2(3)0 differentialb equation + C1 of the (2L $ 3Lx
NG STRESS DUE TO UNIFORM 3 L DUE 2TO TRAPEZOIDAL 8 A #" $
L!4m b ! 140 mm 6 L
Solution 5.5-4
s kN ! # ms6 max !L " qsmax qL
! 2 dmax qL2. (Note: Use the second-order 2L 6LEI x
I max ! 11.6 kN # m 3x2 + 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
Mmax ! 11.6max 1
!2184
2
2M 1!L S "6 q M 4DUE maxbh 1TO q 1L 12 LOAD 2
Mmax !
deflection curve.)
;
3 SL! (a) xmax
M AX 0.52753
!.RBENDING ! x c a
STRESS b L + a 8
UNIFORM ab Lbh d b q (b) 8MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
x 1
;
smax ! 8.63AMPa
! q 2 sh ! 8.63 MPa 2 2 kN2(3) 3 22 6 Mmax ! 11.6 kN # m x2 x3
qL2 I max ! 11.6 kN # m 1 "6 q L " 11 !184 qa 1"1 L22 + 184b
4 bh max
2 Mmax uniform ! q3load !S5.8 L! 2M L ! load 4 m (q/2)b ! 140smax mm! 8.63 RAMPa ! xc !; a b L +L aEI#b" L d M60 a $ b + CL1x + C2
;
smax8!x ! q a "1 (q/2) h m &1triang. 2 2 2(3)
3 2 2 2 6L
kN 4 bh2 smax + ! 184 8.63 bMPa xmax ! 0.52753 L L
8 L!4m b ! 140 mm L
1 ! 2402mm 6 uniform x load (q/2) &1triang. load (q/2)
# mm 1 2 RA3 ! hqL kN ! 0.52753 L ! a "1 + 184 b
S ! bh bhq ! 5.8 x3max LqL!2 4 m b ! 140 mm 1L 6
40 mm m R ! qL
 l distuibuted load solveshown in the 4:59 AMW 2L # Weight of bar (b) 4.0ELONGATION TheA(h #origin 0)supported of coordinates I is span at the d14left-hand %end )of 2each beam, and
AM Page05Ch05.qxd
394 for 2L (f) Draw T! AFD, kNbADD m.- The
"Problem see 5.5-4
OFplots BAR
allowable above for
shear x #stress inqLthe aluminum is
d 450 MPa ! and the (allowable d14 ! 4 normal 1 strain
q is 1900qall
1 10
# beams. IP p 4
A+ "[(12.3-12 q50 MPa
9/24/08 Page 394 simply wood beam
nal area A, modulus of elasticity + E,EA # a L bar bL stress
and torque T ⇤ 4 kN·m (see Figure 2). The allowable shear stress in the aluminum is 48.6 MPa. M3max ! SAB!Lwithh q 2
length
$ 1 d! $ c a bL + a b Ld [dP2 $ (0.050 m)4]
qRA !pGâ
Solution bP $ hanging allow
3 Solution (a) Calculate
b)P] Prismatic 5.5-4
the maximum
EA bending
PLvertically
smax due to the "# load q if the
0.091 A
d2B(h figure). pGâmax
;
me). dy
AB with span length 09Ch09.qxd
E A 2LProblem
9/27/08 (a)qM3has
beam D 5.5-4 a 2L1:31 A STRESS
rectangular
OWNWARD PM
A
3 #Page
simply
W
cross
DISPLACEMENT Weight
supported
section 714
with of
! barbDetermine
wood
width !beam 140 mm AB
(f)LWL!the
andDraw4 required
with m carries
(b) Ehave
span
AFD, outside
alength
ADD uniform
LONGATION diameter
load
-constant
see plotsof intensity
OF BAR .8 for
flexural
above q#!x0) 5.8 h —
kN/m
#rigidity qq(seeEI.
2
2 max 2 3 22 32
(a) + . 394 # C q (b) . L
!A240bmm. CHAPTERq5d!
Determine the required outside diameter d . B# Stresses in(see Beams (Basic Topics) 32 to the load q if the ALLOWABLE
AX BENDING DUE TO UNIFORM LOAD MAX BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
th L, (see figure).4[(1area
cross-sectional + b)P] A, modulus 3bPaL 4 of m elasticity
$
hcarries E, SHEAR loadSTRESS BASED hON NORMAL STRAIN
L! 2a uniform load atof dis-intensity 5.82EA kN/m figure).
5.8 kN/m height EA EA (a) Calculate the maximum bending stress L smax due uniform (q/2)
B & triang. load (q/2)
A Consider an PL element
b L L+ (h a#;
3qL (a) WL 2 A
point C,(see
weight located
figure). at distance 3dy(b)
h from E Repeat (a) W but useWeight (a)
the trapezoidal
! of
I DOWNWARD distuibuted
hbar end.
load(f) shown
ADISPLACEMENT Drawin(b) AFD,
the E !LONGATION
CADD beam- has see1aplots q BAR
rectangularabove for
1 cross 1xbh
q 0) #3
section withb width bA! 140 mm and Bg curve A Rearrange and simplify: B
max due to the load q if the
s-sectional area modulus A
3C ofL elasticity
+4
A (a)
Mtance
Calculate
max ! y# B#
from
the EA S the
maximum lower Problem 9.3-8
bending (c)
stress smaxR due to RA ! d
thehload c B aOF #
2q2EA if the3 2 2 12 b L d3Derive the equation of the deflection 1 t for a cantilever
(b)
mmA, E, h Consider an element at dis-
figure part
EA (b). 8 (Basic ATIO OF height
ELONGATIONS 2 240
! mm. A h RA !inside
width b ! 140 394
and CHAPTER 5 at Stresses inqBeams Topics) 1 Problem 3.5-8 An B aluminium âmaxtube!has !3 qL diameter t ! 2Gâ d1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity4 G ! 27 GPa, and torque
(b).;OFbeam
splacement ! ofy point EC, Alocated distance — (a) h from A q Solution 3.5-8 WL beam
Aluminum AB tube supporting a load2
P at the free end (see figure). Also, determine max
ee figure).
Stresses
C
in Beams (Basic dy Topics) 4 beam hasDaOWNWARD
2C L C 2Problem
rectangular tance cross
y from
LDISPLACEMENT section
the lower !Cwith end. width (b) Repeat
!(c)140
b uniform (a)
RATIO
but
mm
load
use and
(q/2)
the trapezoidal
S
(a)ELONGATIONS ! distuibuted
S ! bh load shown in the
& triang. hloadL(q/2) 6 T ! 4.0 kN " m. The allowable shear stress L2 2G b
is 50 MPa and the allowable normald2strain $ (419.174 10.$6)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 !
* $6 0
utedProblem 2.3-12
in the A prismatic bar yAB ofheight length cross-sectional
3 hL,Consider area 5.5-4 A, modulus AElongation
simply
of
dBsupported
elasticity
# figure
E,2EA part wood AB#withb span length q x !inlocation
the aluminum is 900 # 10
nt !and
load shown
C of point W h
located
C,05Ch05.qxd at distance hits Lfrom bh ! 240 bmm. an element at dis-
C 09Ch09.qxd L of
9/27/08
upper
Solution
q 1 the deflection
half
5.5-4
1:31 A
of bar ah
PM5.8Page d
2 B and
q 2 714
: angle of
Determine rotationthe u
required
B at the
outside free
diameter end.
find
d (Note:
. ofUse the
zero shear
$6 L
weight
to the hangs Problem vertically
5.5-4 9/24/08
under (b) own
Repeat A4:59 weight AM
tance (see Page
y figure).
from Lthe !3944span
the mlower carries a uniform
Bdistuibuted
end. load of
— intensity in the qE,! kN/m (see figure). L L (%allow)2 !(a)2G&allow 2
! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10 ) Solve numerically:
e bar?
of the bar elongation
Problem B of 2.3-12 A
the simply
Clower
supported
ALprismatic
hSload 12 (a) bar hbut
wood AB beamuse
1of AB
length with
2 kN/mL,(see
trapezoidal length
cross-sectional area (c)A,Rload ATIOshown
modulus RAOF 2q!of
(a)
qL
second-order
elasticity
3Elongation
ELONGATIONS
M AX. BENDING ofSTRESS
upper differential
DUEhalf of barequation ah # qqL2 b of : the (b) deflection
MAX.bBENDING STRESS curve.) q TO1TRAPEZOIDALx q
714
L ! 4 m carries a uniform CHAPTER
(a) ! of intensity
figure part 9S(b).!Deflections
q !bh5.8 of Beams
figure). TO UNIFORM
AloadL q if the
LOAD
2 RA " DUE x" a b x ! 0LOAD q
(a)
of thesupported Derive
upper a
halfwood formula
and
of (a)
the weight
y
barAto for the
Wthe downward
hangs
elongation vertically displacement
h
Bof under its
6 !own of C point
weight
(a) C, located
(see
L
Calculate
h figure). at
the distance
maximum h 3WL
from bending
A stress s due B to the A — 1 q q ! 48.6 2 MPa 2 L 2 h d2 ! 0.07927 m
mply beam AB with span bar length of the lower C 2
q ifq the qLof zero max I hMmax 8 (b) 1 q1 q B
Problem
the lower 2.3-12
end of Calculate
the prismatic
the
q hbar. a formula
maximum AB bending length
stress BL, smax cross-sectional
due to the loadarea d upper
A, modulus A #of elasticity
find x ! ME, location shear sLmax R2A ! c a b L3x+
;
8EAcross !h from B Swidth
smax !!bar :! Solution a "b 4L L d2 ! 0
orm load and of intensity
weight W(a) !Wy
qhangs
beam Derive
—5.8 haskN/m N(y)dy
(see
a rectangular for
figure).
cross
2 the Wydydownward
its#section q weightwith width displacement
! 140 beam mm!has C of a
and rectangular
point Elongation
C, located at distance section
ofmaxupper
8 withhalf
3WL of hAL Sbah !#140 bmm (a) and
1 2 3.5-8 Aluminum 2 2tube +3 6Lx
2
22
2 vertically under own (see bfigure).
er half(b) of the bar N(y)
to the # elongation
the dd #of the lower h L 2 d
q 1 # x q C 2 a bh b A B d2 ! 79.3 mm
maximum
What is the elongation
05Ch05.qxd
bending stress
9/24/08
height L hlower !!B240
due
end
BofPage the
4:59
mm. ofEA theWy
entire AMbar.
bar? PageN(y)dy
q if EAL
394 qLheight Wydy B h ! Elongation 240 mm. of RAlower " x half upper
" aof8EA
h2 LL 2bar:b q
b x ! 02 6 uniform load (q/2) &"6 triang.
L " load 1184(q/2)
05Ch05.qxd (a) Derive
9/24/08 a sformula
(b) Repeat A4:59
max (a) butto
AM for
N(y)
usethe
the the load
downward
394
# trapezoidal the
B
dddisplacement
distuibuted
# A load!# 8of
shown point
in theC, located at distance Figure 2:
B trapezoidal h from 2
3WL C L N L22

C# 1 1 !EAL
(c) What is the (b)
ratio What
" of theis the elongation
elongation of M the
!max of
upper the entire
half of (b)
bar?
the
C
Repeat
bar to the (a) d
but
elongation
1 ! 50
use ofmm
the the G
lowerL ! 27 GPa
Solution 9.3-8 Cantilever beam (concentrated load) 3distuibuted
h — load
3 L 2shown in the ORMAL q STRAIN GOVERNS x ! b
angular cross section the lower with
figure 394
end widthof (b).
L part theb CHAPTER
!
bar. 140
L Wydysmaxmm
714
! L5 and BW
SStresses
smax
2 (b)
Solution EA
in ! Beams
B 5.5-4 EAL
(Basic Topics) d upper3x# + Elongation
bh
9WL ! of lower ! half
3WL of bar:
WL 1 L 2(3)
Deflections by Integration of the Bending-Moment Equation
2 2
$1 &22C4 #!
CHAPTER6Lx " 4L(b) 0smax
Deflections q of
half of thedbar? h dd is (L $ ofh2athe )1 bhfigure partof(b). LBeams $6 RA ! MPa qL
#Wy of#N(y)dy Wydy m(a)d %8EA
1hthe 3 L2of 1
mm. 2
b half dthe 4.0# dB" elongation
$ #
12 bh2h %allow ! 48.60
(b) What (c) What # thehratio the elongation upper !bar tokN the of 50 the Slower
MPa 900 103WL
" the T lower upper 3 L
is theN(y) elongation dd
B of# 2EAL
L entire bar?
#(a)L Wydy 6BENDING W Sallow! ! B
2EA !
B
ENDING 8EA
bh -
allow
MOMENT 8EA
WL #EQUATION (E
WL Q . 9-12a) x 1 Px
use the trapezoidal distuibuted half ofload the shown
L bar? L
dC # in ddEA# h EAL # M AX . 2
STRESS
(L $ h ) 2 DUE TO UNIFORM
Elongation d of LOAD h1
L "lower #184q dBhalf 2
2 6of Abar: (b) MAX . BENDING STRESS B
DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
! a "1 + 184b q
3. A simply supported beam AB with span length L ⇤ 4 m carries a uniform load of intensity b"6 lower L$ d upper kN # $ # REQUIRED find x ! location (a)
L of zero shear #¿ " $ (2L $ x)
;
B (c) Whath is the W ratio "2of the2elongation the EAL upper half2EAL of the L toDetermine
bar the— qelongation thex of !required
the lower diameter qd !2h.5.8 2EA
LB ! 4 m 8EA b ! 140 8EA mm DIAMETER (b) 6

1h(a) AX. 1
394 d CHAPTER
ms (Basic Topics) half Cof#theProblem Problems
5 Stresses
bar? (L Solution
in
5.5-4 9.3-8
Beams
h ) 5.5-4 through
(Basic q Topics) 9.3-16 are to
qL 2 be solved I byd integrating 2 qsecond-order
the
2(3) EI#– " WLM "3WL m $P(L 1$da x) q 1 q 1 2EI
;
(b) s !
AL Wydy
L$ max
4simplybh2 #supported WM 2! wood2beamSAB with
2
q ⇤ 5.8 kN/m (see Figure 3). Calculate the maximum bending stress # span length
upper 3/8
due to the load q if R 2q ! cWL
1 !b50 L mm+ a
G! b
27 Lqd
GPa 1 xmax x q! 0.52753max L NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
;
2EALd # dd # W max(L $ h ) ! b # # # 3 qL A q
ing vertically 394 differential
C
L !CHAPTER 4m carries equation ahuniform of
2 loadthe 2deflection
)ofTO intensity
UNIFORM8 curve
(a) q 5.8
qTopics) A(the hA bending-moment
kN/m d
(see #
.figure). d $ d equation). # $
! 240Bmm LOAD q # 22 y2 Tr 2A 2R " x " a (4000
b x ! N0 m)(d q2 /2)
t !3 —2 48.6
dM ! LLOWABLE
d(b)lowerlower xBENDING
SHEAR STRESS
B STRESS 1upperB TOh TRAPEZOIDAL 3
C 5# Stresses in hBeams (Basic
;
EAL (L 2EAL Deflections by Integration
cross of the Bending-Moment Equation a "1 +d M
; PxL T ! 4.0 kN " Im2P %allow
BENDING STRESS DUE LOAD MAX DUE
$ !1/8 184b 3/8
upper 2EA 8EA 8EA MPa 2! L 2 %allow ! 48.60 PL
(b) ELONGATION
UNIFORM
bLOAD q 5.5-4 OF BAR The A(h (b)
# 0)supported
origin MAXq . BENDING
of 2EAL
!coordinates
5.8
kN
qL2beam STRESS L! I4 the beam
isDUE has a rectangular
at TO
mspan the !left-hand section
140 mm (%end
b TRAPEZOIDAL with width b ⇤ 140
LOADofmm and height h ⇤ 240 mm.
)1q! each L beam,
Solution 1 5.5-4 b
qsmax #! and 61 max qall
1#beams smax# !3 2 8 ! 50 MPa2 p &allow ! 900 # 10$6 MPa
Problem simply
(a) Calculate wood
the maximum AB with bending length stress due2 to the q50 load MPa q if the EI#¿ " $PLxqL
+ + C 3x2 +load 0P4 $ (0.050 m)4d]B " $#(L) "
;
ally W M ! m S ! q s allow R ! c a b L +d a
S A b
M L 1/8
d 1 uniform load (q/2)
1
B & triang. h 6Lx (q/2)
" 4L ! [d
max max q (a)xdmax
A lower !
b 2 2 3EI
; the maximum
4 m carries alength 2 8hq2q# h — max 2
bar beam AB
wood LWL!with (b) Ehave
span duniform load OF of
(L intensity (h ) !0)5.8rigidity
kN/m qq(see figure). 2AX
Mupper 0.527533 L
!.2BENDING 2 2 DUE 8 a bhLOAD q Determine (b) the . BENDINGdiameter
Arequired 32 . TRAPEZOIDAL BLOAD q REQUIRED DIAMETER
;
LOAD q dSolution 2.3-12
(b) .
LONGATION
C
Prismatic constant
#STRESS beam
2EAL bar hhasBAR
hanging 1flexural
$ a
240 rectangular
mm vertically 1 cross
2 q 1EI. section
bh 3 with width b !
Problems 140 mmL 9.3-8 and 3/8
through
STRESS
9.3-16
TO UNIFORM
are 6 to be solved
(b) by
MAX
integrating the
STRESS DUE
second-orderd2TO
B# MAX BENDING
! c astressb sLmax+due
RA bending
DUE !TO TRAPEZOIDAL
2 toa the load
LOAD
b Lq dif the ALLOWABLE buniform
#SHEAR loadSTRESS #qL 2 BASED # 23MIload hON NORMAL #
STRAIN 1 q L " 11184
"6 2
q 1L 2
ensity q ! 5.82EAkN/m (see figure).
(a) Calculate
Aq;
A (q/2)
B & triang. (q/2)
x 1!and # PL2 (4000 N m)(d2/2)
" MPa ! p ;
WL height 23 240
h1simply
! 2 mm.
2 with 3bA!2140 2 12 ! 1/8 max ! 11.6 kNR m!
DISPLACEMENT !C Problem
RA ! Solution
beam has 1a OF 5.5-4
q BAR
b L2.3-12
rectangular 1 cross 0)Prismatic
section supported
bar
width hanging wood vertically
mm and beam AB with
1 deflection span
differential
Bg curve dlength
M max equation
lower 3 S.C
q of.2 sthe
L! n!(0)
h deflection " 0MPaA curve !q3 qL CA(theA 0Rearrange
1 "bending-moment
R A ! c STRESS a b L equation).
2 2 simplify:
+ a
3 22 B
b Ld Tr
;
(b) ELONGATION dcProblem + (h9.3-8 a# qL
d Derive 8!a B
LLOWABLE SHEAR
ng (c) Rs
stress
n element ATIOat due
dis-
OF to
heightthe
ELONGATIONS h load B a#
240(b)
2m 2carries
! q if
2EA Repeat
W # Weight
mm. the M
3 a 2uniform(a)
2of
max
bh
b L! but use
bar 8 (q/2)
Aload the the trapezoidal
S equation
! (b)
of
distuibuted
S
ELONGATION !the bh 2
load shown
h
(h R# 0)
(b)
1in tthe smax for 4
cantilever ! 8.63 b
2(3)
uBy " t$#¿(L)
! 48.6
max L ! 4 uniform 12 load 1 &of intensity
triang.
P at inhthe load q !
(q/2) B 5.8 6 (seekN/m
OFâBAR The (see
! origin
A! !figure).qLof coordinates
t ! 2Gâ bh max
is at the left-hand
L ( end )of each
50 MPabeam, and all beams I 2EI
(b).;
A!WL 2 % ! P
[dP42 $ (0.050 m)4]
Rbeam supporting S !a bh load
q lower AB
figure
Prismatic part bar(b). hanging 2
vertically the free end max
figure). 3 Also, determine max 2 3 allow 1 4 uniform x load (q/2) &$6 1triang. load (q/2)
dSolution
ection !Cwith end.
width (b) bRepeat 2.3-12
(a) but use the trapezoidal distuibuted load shown
mMENT the (c)140 mm and S!
6 #m L2constant 2G b
0) rigidityPLx EI. bfind xPx ! locationd2of$zero (419.174
shear * 10 + L184b )d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
;
B# uniform load
ATIO (a)(q/2)
OF & triang.
DELONGATIONS Mmaxhload W L (q/2)
11.6# kN Weight of!Cbar 2 d # WL (b) Ehave
LONGATION OF BAR (hkN
3 flexural # ! a "1 32
dy figure
of2EA part OWNWARD
Solution1 5.5-4
!DISPLACEMENT bh EI# " $ + + C L 6
1the deflection and angle of rotation B at due the to free theend. load(Note: Use theA
at dis-Elongation (a)
upper Calculate
half of bar
A the maximum
ah dqL
# b : bending stress s u2EA find x ! q if the
location
q ! of
5.8 zero shear L ! 4 m ! 140 mm A 2 R B! LqL 1 h
; DISPLACEMENT (These resultsand agree with Case 4, Table G-1.)
Solution 5.5-4 B LLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS BASED ON NORMAL STRAIN
R !smax2an
Consider B element at dis- Lmax (a)
2$6STRESS 6qDUE TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
;
Bdistuibuted ! (a) 2 DMPa
8.63 L2 (%allow)2 !(a)2G& WL allow12! 2(27mGPa)(900 1 2 # 10 ) x q A numerically:
Solve A Rearrange
r end.
dal (c) Rload ATIOshown
RAOF ! dyqL in the tance
beam
second-order hasAW ay#
(a) rectangular
MDUE
differential
3Weight OWNWARD
. BENDING
of ofbarbarcross
equation hansection of with
the
(b)(b) E!deflection
width bLOAD
dProblem qqL2SqDUE
140
curve.) mm
(h 0)1and x S(b) . BENDING ! 0.52753
x3maxLOAD q (b) L simplify: B
" 9.3-8
C
aLSTRESS bDUE .bBENDING B! !#TO q! MAX
a240Derive
3Elongation ofSTRESS
upper half #STRESS bh the q equation RAof "the xdeflection
" a g curve b x t! 0for a cantilever
R: ATIO
(a) ELONGATIONS
M AX. BENDING from AX the TO lower
UNIFORM end. LOAD #qqL(c) TO UNIFORM
LONGATION
MAX OF BAR TRAPEZOIDAL
C L A Consider element
2 at OF dis- ELONGATIONS RA2EA x "hh ! b x6! 0LOAD
mm
3WL ! 48.6 2MPa2 q L 2 B.Cq .load
n (0)P ! 2Gâ
d uppery #dy find x !height location
! of
qLh 2
find
! Lx240
(a)
zero Dshear IM
OWNWARD mm.max tance
location qL L2max
DISPLACEMENT
sof from
y zero the !CMmaxend.
8 Ilower (b) — q WL
1 beamq
b L;
8AB1 qsupporting12 2 a— 1" atq0 the free! 1end
2Cq2(see
1" 0qfigure).
2 !
âmax 2find
dL2 2! ! 0.07927
xAlso,
2G
tm
! locationdetermine max shear
of zero
d42 $ (419.174 * 10$6)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
h 8EA (b) d
Elongation Mof maxupper
8 3WL
C smax
half !!
S of M!bar
S ah!an#trapezoidal b (a) :!smax S 1atshear
!! dBR2A#s !(c) c aR
2 !
ATIO
3x+
OF
+3 6Lx a "
2 ELONGATIONS b 4L L d2 ! LqL 2A ! c a 2 b L +
b08 :Rangle 2 u a b free
L d2 ! x;
q Repeat (a) but
Considerhuse
max the element 2 distuibuted
dis- Elongation ofload
2EA
max
upper 2shown
the deflection
half of in
bar 2 2theMahmax #B!and
d of 2 rotation 3x + at
6Lx the" 4L end. 0 (Note:
q mmb 1Use qthe
; curve.)2
y 8 2 h S 1 2 2 3 2 2 d ! 79.3
yqL2 Elongation of RBAlower
" figure xupper
half
1
" aof8EA
# x q
bar:
bx ! tance
q0 2 y from 1 the x qlower6end.
a bh b A
a bh 2
bL "
B 2 Px L qL B
L (%allow)2B! 2G& 2 " x!"2(27a GPa)(900
RA allow b x ! 0 # 10 ) $6 L
Solve numerically:
2 C L2h Lpart R2A "(b).— b x ! 0Solution
(c) Runiform
ATIO OF load second-order
(q/2)
Elongation
ELONGATIONS &"6 triang.
of upper differential
load
1
M184 (q/2)
!half #22 of"
L11.6 Abar
kN $ # equation
ma h load#8 (3L b of: $ thex)deflection 2 L2
y # 3WL bh3 Solution
qx3 "L2 a
9.3-8 Cantilever 2
beam q 5.5-4
(concentrated
3WL 1 x 6! sload) max !
Mmax max
uniform
s max !6EI
2 (q/2) &"6 triang.
L load
1 ! (q/2)
48.6 22 MPa
Lic Topics) Elongation of lower2 half 2 of bar:
L 2 " 184 L 2 2 d 0.07927 m
:1 a; bh
d 2 2 B
WL 3WL WL d # 2(3) S L 1 2 3x + 6Lx " 4L ! 0 !
8 upper 3x + 6Lx " 4L ! 0smax !2 q 23 2
b x ! (a) (b) MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
upper2 RA ! qL
$hd 8EA 8.63
ah #MPabLOAD
;
d lower # dB Wy upper #
12N(y)dy $1Wydy 2 4 # bh
bh (a)3 MLAX 8EA 3 ofSTRESS
. BENDING
Elongation upper
L 3WLhalf
DUEof
smax TO Figure 3:
bar!UNIFORM 6 qP x
1(L 2$ h )
NG 2STRESS 2 N(y)
DUE TO #UNIFORM
Elongation
dd S !#
BLOAD h1 B
2EA
q 3xS! 2# bh
ENDING
2 +
2 6of
8EA
6Lx
A - MOMENT"
(b) 8EA
WL
4L
MAX
2 EQUATION
!. 0
BENDING s3WL max ! STRESS (E
WL q Q . B
DUE9-12a) TO d
TRAPEZOIDALupper x # LOAD 1
q
+ 184b RA ! qL
2 2(3) "6 L " 1 184 L 2 2 d 2 ! 79.3 mm
L "6 d of L "lower #EA184dWy half
L$ dEAL bar:kNN(y)dy
#
122EA $Wydy 1 b !# 4Elongation
bh2 findofqL x lower
!2 location half! ofa8EA bar:
"1shear
(2L
L $ x)
L bh b x! lower
N(y) 2 # q !dd
B 5.8upper
# L !#4S m!8EA 2 140 8EA mm 3WL (b) L of zero I ! 36 q L2 #¿ q"3 $ x! 1 q 2(3) 1 q 1
dCd # 1 1h3dd1EAL
6beam AB with 2(3) S ! bh
q q Solution 9.3-8 Cantilever 2EI beam
x (concentrated 1 cq load)
a b + a b d
L EI#– " WLM 2 $6 x) M S
I d upper Wydy L m " EA $P(L EAL 1 1 ! 1 Elongation ! s of lower half of —
bar: R ! L L
x;!
span length L 3/8 W maxd upper # x WL
max 3WL WL
2h 3WL
1 Rh2q184 WL 2
)q ! S5.8 ! ddd#Wy # N(y)dy"6 L(L" Wydy
$qL 2
A )!#LcW 2 a b L kN d+lower a# RdABb"$8 Lqddx8EA 1 xmax q!h0.52753 4
$ 0 L bh# find2x ! location ! azero"1shear + A184b x 2the2 deflection 3 22 y
1 1
bkN/m
# # B# Problem 9.3-9 " # L Qof.the
xh## 3WLDerive 3equation of ! a "1 + 184b curve
h d lower (see figure). $ # 240# $Wydy
mm 2q2 !25.8 upper a bx ! (b) 6 1
Lh ! 2 3 2L2! 4
lower upper 2EAL 2 m 2 Lb2EA B 1408EA mm -MOMENT (E 9-12a)
;
N(y) +d dd 8EA Px
h 3EAL ; 2EAL
!1/8 a "1 upper
184b# 3/8
2EA L 2 8EA 8EA 2! ENDING WL EQUATION WL PL
L M #max dd EA # 2(3)
EAL 8 # Px (L 2
$ h
m ) Elongation of lower half
2 of kN
bar:
EZOIDAL
0 mm LOAD
2 q L
Solution bsmax
5.5-4 #! C6 h# smax# qL 2
+2
L
+ C
d lower # d
q ! 5.8
B $ d
for a
upper #
simpleL2EA!d 4Am" $
beam
#
b !AB
$#(L) 140 mm
loaded
" by uniform
a coupleL Bload (q/2)
M at 6 &#¿
the "
triang.
left-hand $ load (2L
(q/2) $ x)
;max
!
W 2EI#¿ " $PLx 8EA 8EA
2 2
ss smax due tod the load q(Lif2 the B q 1 xmax x q! 0.52753 L x ! 0.52753
b # C 1#
x1 WDUE TO2#UNIFORM
d lower
)S ALM 1/8! 1 uniform load (q/2)1 & dtriang.
3x2 load +h 6Lx (q/2)
" 4L ! 0 m 0 2EI
L$ h L q h2! 240B(b) qL STRESS DUEEI#– " WLM " $P(L $x x) a 3EI
;# support
#(a)xdmaxMupper 0.52753
!. BENDING Wydy 8 aW1bhLOAD b 2 3 3/8
. BENDING
upper 3WL RAq "figure). WL " Also, bx ! 0 L M0
;
with width b !C 1402EAL 3/8#STRESS bmm
AX MAX TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
# dbh mm$ (see 2 L 2 determine the 1 maximum deflection
max
6 (L2 $(b)
;1
dmm #and h dd h) #"6 # LdB"#$1 3dd upper # 2
qLd2 C ##h23! a(L"1 +h2kN # 184b lower Lh22! 240 PL3
;
)M
;
EAL
I max $ 2EAL 8
d lower 1 q 1/8 1 184
qupper
1 3/8
2EA 8EA 8EA
2 2 RAdifferential
! qL B
;
M ! 11.6 mmax Px A
b ! 11402mm dMlower
max ! 1/83SolutionL 2EAL
B.C. n!(0)max
S L! 5.5-4
s "0 ! 6R A ! !3 C1 " qL s max0 qL
! 2RA ! 12 xc !a b Lb+ # 1 a b L# d d # 2 . 3(Note: Use the second-orderPL equation of the x
2 ! 8.63 MPa S ; Mmax ! S !1
W8! 4 q2 bh2 shmax 2 2 S ! 2(3)
3 d2lower EI#¿
2M 2 " qL
max$PLx 3x+ 2
+"6Lx +" C14L2" !0 3 dB " $#(L) "
; 2 LL
stuibuted
S ! bhload shown din # the smax bh max !
1/8 u B $#¿(L) 3EI
b 2
q/2) 6 C
2EAL (a) max
(L x$ Mh2AX ) . BENDING
! 0.52753 STRESS3DUE TO UNIFORM a bbh
8 uniform 2
hx LOAD d
b upper
load q &1triang.
(q/2) 6 load(b)
3/8 deflection
(q/2) ;
8MAX. BENDING curve.) STRESS DUE TO L2EI TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
PLx find xPx ! location of zero6 #
shear a +# 184b # 3
! 11.6"kN0# m find x ! location of zero shear
#
! "1
PL2
;
kN
4 mqL2 b !+140 mm I + ! 2 md lower 61/8B.MCmax 11184
2
q CL1 "
3
bhq ! 5.8 EI# " L !$ C211.6R kN 1L . n!(0) 1! ! "6 "0 q 1L 2 with Case 4, Table G-1.)
26M x (These
12 m1
M . BENDING ! 2 STRESS (a)
3 SL! qDUEmax TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
! qL
x q A x3maxLOAD RAMPa ! 2 2c 2 ; a b Lresults + a agree (b)b L d uB " $#¿(L) "
x!0 ;
TO UNIFORM LOAD qqL2S ! S(b)! MAX bh2max s 8 ! q
RA " 2 sx " ! a8.63 bMPah
! 0.52753 q L smax ! 8.63
qL 2 3 2(3)3 2 2 q 1 x q 2EI
hh ! 240 mm6 max PLx Px RA " x " a bx ! 0
. . (0) 0 4 bh 2 C 2 0 2 2 L 2 (These results agree with Case 4, Table G-1.) L
q n " max " L
8 B
qL2 —
C 1 q !1 2q 1 2 q find x ! location of zero EI#
shear " $ + + C 2
ax
smax !
2
Mmax ! R2A ! c a2 2 b L3x+ 2 a "b 4L L d2 s Mmax 82 x load6 (q/2) &21triang. load (q/2)
uniform
+ 6Lx 0 ! q 1 x q s ! ! a "1 + 184b
(3L m$ x) L ! 4;
1 2 2 2 kN 3 2 2 !
a bh b M
8
A $ qPx!8 5.8
bh 3 qL
Bm A b !
max
R " x "S a
2 140 2 mm
bx ! 0 max
B.C. n (0) 1 "bh02 b1L ! C2 " 06 3x + 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
2
kN # m
#" L2
6 smax Solution Mmaxmax ! 11.6 5.5-4
uniform load (q/2) & triang. load (q/2) a R ! qL
! s max !12 6EI 1"6 L " 11843x 2
L 2+ 6Lx " 4L ! 0
2 2
6 A
x ! 0.52753 L
! a;1 bh2 bS x!! bh2 Px2MAX3. max
;
S
L2 MAX.SBENDING
smax ! 8.63 MPa
(a) 1hh ! 6 240 STRESS mm6 DUE TO2(3) UNIFORM LOAD q 2 (b) BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
"6 L " 1184qL22
R qL "6 L3" 1L184 L22 # " $ find(3L
Solution 9.3-9 Simple beam (couple M ) x
$ x)
location of zero shear x!
bh 2
3 L2
A !
32 2 L 2 s x ! ! q 6EI ! 2(3) 0
smax ! q 2 qL qL
x I 1
max
4 2(3)bh2 1 q 1 q1
4 M bhmax ! Mmax !S ! ! a "1 + 184b 2 RAB! q c a1-MOMENT
ENDING bxyLq + EQUATION a b L d (EQ. 9-12a)
8 qL b x 3! 02 2 x 1 B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
L!4m b ! 140Problem mm 9.3-9
find x 8! location Derive L ofthe
(b) hzeroequation shear 6 of
x the deflection
! a "1kN + 184b curve
1 RA " x 2" 2a
! a "1 + 184b
q ! 5.8
kN
form a simple L ! 4 mbeam Mmax
q
M
b! AB
!
max 1
#
14011.6
x
mm
loaded
x q2!kN0.52753 mby a Lcouple8q L! 5.8 M0 at6 the Lleft-hand
!4m buniform
!
2
140 mm
load
2 L2
(q/2) & triang.
x L
load (q/2)
6 y M0 L
qL 2 s ! max s ! m LProblem 9.3-9 3xDerive 2 EI#– the
M0" "M equation
4L2" !M 0 0of a1the$deflection b curve B.C. n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $
;
m support RAmax
(see " x "S Also, a bmax x ! 0 1 the xmax ! 0.52753 + 6Lx
h ! 240 mm 3 figure).
2smax !2 8.63 L 2MPa
a bh b
determine 2 maximum deflection
for a simple beam AB loaded by a couple M at the L x !
maxleft-hand 0.52753 L 3
8 bh h ! 240 mm A 1 0 B
qL2. (Note:
dmax 2 Use the second-order 6differential equation
supportof thefigure).
(see RA "6Also,
"determine
L qL 1184 L22 the M0 x
x2maximum deflection
2

;
1 2 Mmax ! 3x + 6Lx " 4L
12curve.) 1 !0 ! M0 x
deflection 3 B
a bhLOAD
FORM b q (b) 8MAX. BENDING
S! 3 L2DUE 2TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q 2
S ! bh
STRESS x! qL dmax. (Note: Use theEI#¿ M0 ax differential
second-order
"2(3) $ b +equation
C1 of the A #" $ (2L2 $ 3Lx + x2) x
Mmax ! 11.6 kN # mshmax"6
6 ! q 1 6 q 1L22 2L 6LEI
6 kN # m q L4 " bh
1 2184
Mmax !
RAMPa
1
! xc 2!;a bL + a b Ld 8 deflection curve.)find x ! location of zero shear
x 1
;
smax ! 8.63
3 MPa 2 2 2(3)
3 22
q ! 5.8
kN
4 m (q/2) Mmax ! 11.6 kN m # ! a "1 + 184b
L EI# q
x2
" M60 a1 x$q
x3
b + CL1x + C2
L ! load qLb2 ! 140 mm
;
uniform x load (q/2) &1triang. R " x" 2a b6L
x!0
! a "1m+ 184b s ! 8.63 MPa xmaxA ! 0.52753
2 L2 L2
L
b ! 140 mm 1Lh !M240
maxmm 6 8 max
RsAmax
! ! qL smax !
x3max !S0.52753 L 1 3x2 + 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
qL2 a bh2 b
findSolution
x! Mmax !9.3-9
location 8of zeroSimple
shear beam
6 (couple M0)
Solution 9.3-9 "6
Simple 1184(couple
L " beam L22 M0)
BENDING
RsAmax
" !
qM 3 !
xmax
1-L 2x q
MOMENT
" q a11.6 bkN
# EQUATION (EQ. 9-12a)
x !m0
x!
BENDING-MOMENT B.CEQUATION
. n(0) " 0(EQ. 9-12a)
2(3) ! C2 " 0
;x
2 4 2bhL2 2 B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
smax ! 8.63 MPa M0 L
x 1" 0 ‹ C1 " $ M0 L
3x2 EI#–
+ 6Lx" "M4L2" !M 0 0 a1 $ b B.C. n(L)
EI#– " M x"!M0aa1 ‹ C1 " $
2
b kN L "1$+L b 184b 3 B.C. n(L) " 0
3
q !"6 5.8L " 1 L2! 42m b ! 140 mm L 6
;
m 184 L 2 M0 x
x !EI#¿ " M ax $ x b + C
;
2 M0 x
x0.52753 2 2
2(3)0 1 EI#¿ " M0xax
max$!
#" b$+ C1L (2L $ 3Lx + x ) #" $ (2L2 $ 3Lx + x2)
h ! 240 mm 2L 2L 6LEI 6LEI
x 1
! a "1 qL x2
+ 2 184b x 3
x2 x3
! 140 mm LM EI#!" M60 a $ b + C1x + C2 EI# " M0 a $ b + C1x + C2
max
xmax 8 L2
! 0.52753
6L 2 6L
Mmax ! 11.6 kN # m
 11(8 % 11") # 9 1
b # 9/24/08; 4:59 AM Page 394
p 4 Td2 ! 0.4096 in.4 $ 0.2800 in.4 ! 0.12956 in.4
ove #& 0.091 05Ch05.qxd IP ! (d $ d14) !
32 2 ;
" 11 4Gâmax
";
1 d1 ! 0.60 in.
b# # 0.091
Draw AFD, ADD 11 - see plots above for x # L 4 4 8Td2 4 4 8Td2
3 d2 $ d1 ! d1 ! d2 $
" # 0.091 L pGâmax pGâmax
(f) Draw
394 AFD, ADD
CHAPTER 5 -Stresses
see plots above
in Beams forTopics)
(Basic x#
3
L
(f) Draw AFD, ADD - see plots above for x #
3
Problem 5.5-4 A simply supported wood beam AB with09Ch09.qxd span length 9/27/08 q1:31 PM Page 714
L ! 4 m carries a uniform load of intensity q ! 5.8 kN/m Problem 3.5-8 An aluminium tube has inside diameter d1 ! 50 mm, shear modulus of elasticity G ! 27 GPa, and torque
(see figure).
394
Ch05.qxd 9/24/08 4:59 AM Page 394 T ! 4.0 kN " m. The allowable shear stress in the aluminum is 50 MPa and the allowable normal strain is 900 # 10$6.
modulus of elasticity E, (a) Calculate the maximum bending stress s due to the load q if the A h
09Ch09.qxd 9/27/08
n length beam 1:31 A
q has a rectangularPM cross Page
section with
max
714width bDetermine
! 140 mm and the required outside diameter d2B.
e-sectional
figure). area A, modulus of elasticity
height h ! 240 mm. E,
ecated A load shown in the
q ifatthe
figure). distance h from
(b) Repeat (a) but use the trapezoidal distuibuted b
load A of elasticity h L
area A,andmodulus part (b). B
figure E,
40
!mm of394point CHAPTER
C, 5 at
located Stresses in Beams
distance h (Basic Topics)
from
C
Beams (Basic Topics) C AL 714 Aluminum
Solution 3.5-8 (a)tube
CHAPTER 9 Deflections of Beams
wn in the b
nt C, located at distance h Lfrom C L q
— q
Problem 5.5-4
o the elongation A simply
of the h beam AB with span length
lowersupported wood 2q

rted
halfwood
of the
714
bar to
beam ABthe
CHAPTER
L ! 4 m carries a uniform
elongation
with of the lower
span length
9 Deflections
(a)load of intensity of figure).
q ! 5.8 kN/m (see
C Beams
hLq A B
(a) Calculate the maximum bending stress
B smax due to the load q if the A h
Deflections by Integration of the Bending-Moment Equation
q B
f intensity qbeam
!— 5.8
haskN/m (see figure).
a rectangular q with width b ! 140 mm and
cross section
2 h
e bar to the height
elongation
h ! 240ofmm. the lower B
ending stress
.qxd 9/24/08 sA4:59 due
AM to
max (a)
(b) Repeat usethe
but Page load
the394 q if the
trapezoidal A load shown in the
Bdistuibuted B h L
d1 ! 50 mm GL ! 27 GPa b NORMAL STRAIN GOVERNS
oss section with
figurewidth b ! 140 mm and
part (b). B Problems 9.3-8(b)through 9.3-16 are to be solved by integrating the second-order
Deflections by Integration of the Bending-Momentdifferential
T ! 4.0 kN " 4. Equation
%allow equation
m(a) Determine
! 50 MPa theof&deflection
the
allow deflection
! 900 # 10B curve %free
at the(the
$6 ! 48.60
of MPa
bending-moment
allow end beam supporting a point load P at
equation).
the cantilever
ezoidal distuibuted load shown L in the y
9Ch09.qxd
h 9/27/08 1:31 PM Page 714 L Determine
q The
the origin
required ofdiameter
bthe free coordinates
q
end d(see. is at the4).
Figure left-hand end
R of each
EQUIRED beam, and all beams
DIAMETER P
394
pics) Problems 9.3-8 through 9.3-16 are to be solved2 by integrating
CHAPTER 5 Stresses in Beams
(b)
Solution (Basic Topics)
5.5-4
— 2
have constant theflexural
second-orderrigidity EI.
lly differential (a) Mequation
AX. BENDING STRESSof theDUEdeflection
TO UNIFORM LOAD curve
(a)q A(the A bending-moment
(b) MAXSHEAR
LLOWABLE . BENDING STRESS equation).
STRESS B TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
DUE Tr (4000 N # m)(d2/2)
y t! 48.6 MPa ! A B
Problem 5.5-4 The
NGATION OF BAR (h #
A simply 0)
origin of
supported
2
coordinates
qL beam AB with
wood I is spanat the left-hand
length (%end )of! Problem
each
q50 MPa1 q 9.3-8
beam, and
1 qallDerive
1 beams the equation of the deflection
IP curve for a cantilever
p
Mmax ! S! q (see figure). allow 1 RA ! c a b L +
qbeam2AB 2 supporting
a b Ld
3 2 2 a load P at the free end (see figure). Also, determine
[dP42 $ (0.050 m)4]
;
LWL
AB 4 m carries
!with (b) Ehave
span alength
uniform load OF of intensity8 q#!0)
(h h —
5.8 kN/m 32
# (a)(b)Calculate
LONGATIONconstant BARflexural
. BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD rigidity q
2 EI. L STRESS BASED ON NORMAL STRAIN
MAX
2 toqthe load q if the ALLOWABLE SHEAR
5.82EA
kN/m714 (see figure).
the maximum bending stress smax due the
uniformdeflection B and
B &dtriang.
load (q/2) h angle
load (q/2) of rotation uB at the free end. (Note: Use the
a#;
A
ENT !C beam
(b) ELONGATION has1a OF
WL 1 cross
q CHAPTER
rectangular q9 1 bh 3Deflections
section with widthof bA! Beams
140 mm and Bg curve A Rearrange and simplify: B L
RA ! d cProblem
B a#bBAR L + (h9.3-8 0) b L d Derive the equation of the deflection (b)
second-order
1 t for adifferential
cantilever equation of the deflection curve.)
at
max dueELONGATIONS
dis-
IO OF to thehload
height 2 240
! 2q2EAif the3 2 2 12
mm. A 1 2 B â h
! R A !! qL t ! 2Gâ
;
WL
Rbeam supporting S !a bhload P at inthe
width(b) bRepeat
!(c)140(a) but use
mm AB
the trapezoidal
and distuibuted load shown the free end (see figure).
max 3 Also, determine max
L2 2G d42 $ (419.174 * 10$6)d2 $ 6.25 * 10$6 ! 0
end. S! b
dB # uniform load
ATIO (q/2) & triang. hloadL(q/2) 6
OF ELONGATIONS
figure part (b).
ngation of2EA upper1the 5.5-4
Solution half of bar ah 2d#B and
deflection b : angle of rotation uB at the freefind end.x ! (Note:
location ofUse the
zero shear
2 L L (%allow)2 !(a)2G&allow ! 2(27 GPa)(900 # 10$6) L
ATIODeflections
ted Rload in the by Integration of barof aLhthe qqL2Bending-Moment Equation Solve numerically:
Rshown
! qL
(c) AOF
second-order
3Elongation
(a) ELONGATIONS
M AX. BENDING ofSTRESS
upperdifferential
DUEhalf
TO UNIFORM equation
LOAD # b of
: the(b) deflection curve.)
MAX.bBENDING STRESS qDUE TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
x q
0LOAD q
3WL 2
qLof zero shear I Mmax 8
2
(b) — q
1 q
!
R "
48.6
A
2
x
MPa
1 q1 q
Solution
"
2
a
L 2
b
9.3-8
x !
Cantilever beam (concentrated
d2 ! 0.07927load)
m
per # find x ! location sLmax R2A ! c a b L3x Figure 4:
;
8EAProblems Mof !9.3-8 S of
smax!!bar 9.3-16
through :!to 1be 2solved by integrating + a "b 4L L d2 ! 0
Elongation maxupper half h S ah # are b (a) 2 2 the+3second-order
2
8 3WL 6Lx2B2ENDING - MOMENT EQUATION (EQ. 9-12a) Px
dq upper1#equation
x q 2 a bh b d2 ! 79.3 mm
ngation of differential
RAlower
" x half " aof8EA bar:
b x ! 02 of the deflection curve
6 (the A
bending-moment
uniform load (q/2) &"6 equation).
triang.
B #¿ " $ (2L $ x)
2 2 L2 L " load
1184(q/2)2
2 " $P(Ly $ x) 2EI
3WL q
The origin of coordinates is at the left-hand end qof each beam,xand
bh Solution ! all beamsEI#– " LM
! 9.3-8 Cantilever beam (concentrated load)
3 2
—3 half L of bar:
d upper3x# 2
+ Elongation
6Lx " 4LWL 2
! of lower
3WL q 2WL 1 2(3) P
$1 22 4rigidity
0smax
PL3
;
haved 8EA constant flexural EI. RA ! qL
wer # dB $ upper #12
B
2EA 8EA -
#bh
8EA (E . 9-12a) 3 L Px2
+ $ AP x+(2L
S! S ! bh WL 3WL WL
DUE TO UNIFORM
Elongation "6 LLOAD
of h1
"lower184
ENDING
q dhalf
L 2 6 A
2 of
MOMENT
bar: (b) EQUATION
MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE Q B TO TRAPEZOIDAL x
a EI#¿
LOAD + q1 184b
" $PLx C dB " $#(L) "
d # $ d # $ #
22EI 1 $ x) B
! "1
xProblem
! lower9.3-8B q Derive
2 ! 5.8
kN
upper the equation
2EA
L ! 4 m of
8EA b the
! 8EA q
140 mm find curve
deflection x ! location
for(b)
L aofcantilever
zero shear6 #¿ " 3EI
2(3) EI#– " 1$ qx)
d upper WLaMload
m" $P(L 1 1 q
;#
ith span length
beam3/8 AB supporting 3WL
P q at the WL free end (see figure). Also, x determine
q 0.52753 L
# c 2 a 2 b L + 3 a 2R2A b" L dx " a b x B!.C0. n!(0) " 0
1 x ! 2
$ qLRA !
;
2
#
N/m d(see
lower#
x # dB#
figure). $3d1upper h ! 240 mm
max
! C1 " 0 3 PL
;
"1 +d M
; PxL
d lower !1/8
the adeflection 184dbB and
upper 2EAangle8EA
3/8 of
8 rotation8EA2 uB at the free end.2 (Note: 2 LUse 2 the PL L uB " $#¿(L) "
AD q Solution L # !6 max # smax#
bsmax
5.5-4 !3 2
2EI
e to the load second-order
q if thed lowerEI#¿
S differential
A M" 1/8!
qL
$PLx +2
equation
1 uniform + C
ofload
the deflection
(q/2)
1
B & triang.
3xcurve.)
2
+load " 4L2 ! 0
h 6Lx (q/2) dB2 " $#(L)
PLx Px 3 "
(a)xdmax
Mupper 0.52753 L
!. BENDING max
8 a bhLOAD b 2 q (b) MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
+ + 3EI
# 23MI ;
b ! 140 mm and 2
AX
3/8 STRESS DUE TO UNIFORM
6 (b) EI# " $ C 2 (These results agree with Case 4, Table G-1.)
b# #qL # 1 q L " 1184
"6 q L2
xc 1!a b L + 1 a 1 b L d
2
2 6
PL2
;
dMlower 1/83BS.C max ! 11.6 kNR m!
L!. n!(0) qL
max !
smax8! q 2 sh ! 8.63 " 0MPa ; A !3 C1 " 0 RA !
2 2 2(3)
3 22
ad shown in the 4 bh max b B.C. n (0) " u0 " $#¿(L)
B 2 ! C "" 0
Solution 9.3-8 2 2L
Cantilever beam
3 (concentrated
uniformx loadload)
(q/2) &1triang. load (q/2) 2EI
PLx find xPx ! location of zero shear ! a "1 + 184b 2
results ;
kN Px
bh
q!
3
5.8
BENDING EI# "L
m 1 -MOMENT 2
! $4 m b ! +
EQUATION140 mm + C
(EQ. 9-12a)2 R ! qL L
1 6
P x (These agree with Case 4, Table G-1.)
12
(a) 6q TO1TRAPEZOIDAL
x q A x3maxLOAD
! 0.52753
#"
#¿ "$ (3L$$x)x)
$ 6EI(2L
LOAD qqL2S ! S(b)
! MAX bh2 . BENDING STRESSRAx)" DUE x" a bx ! 0 q L 2EI
EI#–
hh ! 240 mm"6 M " $ P(L $
8 B.Cq. n (0)1 "q0 1 Cq2 1" 0q find x ! location of zero shear
! 2 2 L2
2 qL2 — PL3
;
x! Mmax ! R2A ! c a2 Px b 2L +2 a "b 4L
+3 6Lx L d2 ! 0 q
2+qL22 3x+ C 1 x q
;
1 2 EI#¿ " 8 $ PLxPx 1 2 2 RA " x " a b x ! 0 dB " $ #(L) "
a bh b M #" A # m load 2
8 (3L $ x) B 2 2 L 2 3EI
6 smax ! kN $ y
Mmaxmax ! 11.6 uniform
s max !6EI (q/2) &"6 triang.
L " load
1 (q/2)
1843x 22
L 2+ 6Lx " 4L ! 0
2 Problem 9.3-9 Derive the
2 equation of the deflection curve
B.C!
smax
S
. n!(0)
8.63 MPa" 0 a;1 bh2!b C x 1!" 0 for a simple
uB " $ beam
#¿(L)AB" loaded by;a couple M0 at the left-hand
PL
1 6 2(3)
RAPLx! 2 qL Px3 "6 L " 1184 L 2 2 2EI M0
3 L2 3 + L x! support (see figure). Also, determine the maximum deflection
smax ! EI# q " $ + C 2(3) B
4 bh2 2 6 x ! a2"1 + 1 184b (These Use
dmax. (Note: results
theagree with Casedifferential
second-order
y
4, Table G-1.)
equation of the A
x
m b ! 140 Bmm Problem 9.3-9find x ! location
Derive(b) of zero shear
L the equation 6 of!the
x
a "1deflection
1 curve curve.)
+ 184bdeflection
q ! 5.8 .C. n (0)
kN " 4 m0 b !!140 C2mm "0 L 6
form a simple L ! beam
q AB loaded by a Lcouple M0 at the left-hand
x q! 0.52753
1 xmax
RA2"figure). M0
L 2;determine the maximum deflection
support Px x" a bx ! 0 xmax ! 0.52753 L
h ! 240 #mm " $ (see(3L 2 $ x)2 Also,
B
dmax 6EI
qL2. (Note: Use the second-order differential equation of the A x L
Mmax ! 3x2 + 6Lx " 4L2 ! 0
q deflection
(b) curve.)
8MAX. BENDING STRESS DUE TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD q
Mmax ! 11.6 kN # m
q L " 11184
2
1 "6 q 1L 2
Problem ! xc !;
R9.3-9 a b L +the equation
a b L dof the deflection curve y
; 2 Derive
smax ! 8.63AMPa 2(3)
2 3 22
for a simple beam AB loaded by a couple M0 at the left-hand Solution 9.3-9 Simple beam (coupleL M0)
uniform
support (see x load (q/2)
figure). Also, &1triang. load (q/2) M0
! a "1 + determine
184b the maximum deflection BENDING
mm dmax. (Note: Use 6
1L the second-order differential equation of the A -MOMENT EQUATION (EQ. 9-12a) B B.C. n(0) " 0 ! C2 " 0
x
deflectionRAcurve.)
! qL M0 L
x3max ! 0.52753 L x
EI#– " M " M0 a1 $ b B.C. n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $
findSolution 9.3-9
x ! location of zeroSimple
shear beam (couple M0) L 3

;
BENDING
q 1-MOMENT
x q EQUATION (EQ. 9-12a) x2 L M0 x
RA " x" a bx ! 0 B.C$
EI#¿ " M0 ax . n(0) b"+0 C1 ! C2 " 0 #" $ (2L2 $ 3Lx + x2)
2 2 L2 2L M0 L 6LEI
x
3x EI#– "M
+ 6Lx"
2
!M
4L " 0 0 a1 $ b2 B.2C. n(L) " 0 ‹ C1 " $
L x x3 3
Solution 9.3-9 Simple beam (couple M0) EI# " M0 a $ b + C1x + C2
2 2 6L