TITLE: ANALYTIC ON PRISONERS BY GENDER

FROM 2016 UNTIL 2019 IN MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................2

2.0 ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................................................2

3.0 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................9

REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................9

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Malaysia's prison population, including pre-trial detainees and remand prisoners, has been
steadily expanding since 2012 and shows no signs of abating. As seen in Figure 1, the number
climbed to 51,602 in 2016 from 36,608 in 2012, reflecting a nearly 41% rise (World Prison Brief
Data, 2017). As a result of the lack of control over the increasing number of detainees, which has
resulted in overcrowding in Malaysian prisons, the scenario generates an underlying primary
difficulty for prison management (Omar, 2001). Figure 2 shows that in 2015, the jail population
outnumbered the prison capacity.
Prisons are managed by an authorized set of staff who cannot choose their clients and have no
authority to release them until their sentence duration is fulfilled. They watch after a group of
people who have failed society due to poor life choices or for whatever reason they did not
follow current laws. They had been sentenced to prison for crimes they had committed or were
awaiting trial. In most cases, they were locked inside and not allowed to leave until their
sentence was completed. Their daily lives in prison are supervised by a set of predetermined
rules and regulations, and their movements are strictly restricted and watched. Because the
prisoners are being held legally rather than voluntarily, the majority of them are in an unhappy
life situation, which has an impact on their behavior. Inmates, for example, plotted and attempted
jail escapes on several occasions.

2.0 ANALYSIS
There are several prisons in Malaysia which are:
1. Pusat Koreksional Perlis
2. Penjara Pokok Sena
3. Penjara Sungai Petani
4. Penjara Reman Pulau Pinang
5. Penjara Alor Setar
6. Penjara Seberang Perai
7. Penjara Taiping
8. Pusat Koreksional Kamuniti
9. Penjara Tapah
10. Penjara Kajang
11. Penjara Sungai Buloh
12. Penjara Female Kajang
13. Pusat Koreksional Puncak A
14. Penjara Seremban
15. Institusi Pemulihan Dadah J
16. Penjara Sungai Udang
17. Penjara Pra Bebas Dusun
18. Pusat Koreksional Jasin
19. Penjara Kluang
20. Penjara Simpang Renggam
21. Pusat Koreksional Johor Bahru
22. Pusat Koreksional Muar
23. Penjara Pengkalan Chepa

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 24. Pusat Koreksional Machang
25. Penjara Marang
26. Pusat Koreksional Dungun
27. Penjara Bentong
28. Penjara Penor
29. Penjara Kota Kinabalu
30. Penjara Sandakan
31. Penjara Tawau
32. Pusat Koreksional Labuan
33. Penjara Puncak Borneo
34. Penjara Sri Aman
35. Penjara Sibu
36. Penjara Limbang
37. Pusat Koreksional Bintulu

To comprehend these various jail experiences, one must adopt a gender perspective, a concept
that contradicts the biological determinism of sexual distinction and is based on social and
relational components that go beyond mainstream definitions of femininity and masculinity.
Because anatomical sex is not a determining factor in human behavior, gender is a social
category that crosses with the concept of sexed bodies. The emphasis is on the examination of
sexual differences within the context of social connections that are penetrated by power
dynamics. Gender inequalities in access to and control over tangible and symbolic resources

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demonstrate how gender is "implicated in the conception and construction of power itself" (Scott
1995a, p. 88). Let see the number of prisoners Male and Female since 2016 to 2019
Sum of NUMBER Column Labels

Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 Grand Total

State

JOHOR 11065 11589 11898 14297 48849

PENJARA KLUANG 9464 10003 10545 5365 35377

MALE 8169 8211 8582 3417 28379

FEMALE 1295 1792 1963 1948 6998

PENJARA SIMPANG RENGGAM 1303 1290 1070 8502 12165

MALE 1303 1290 1070 8501 12164

FEMALE 0 0 0 1 1

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL JOHOR BAHRU 295 290 270 394 1249

MALE 295 290 270 394 1249

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL MUAR 3 6 13 36 58

MALE 3 6 13 36 58

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

KEDAH 2218 7045 6975 7505 23743

PENJARA ALOR SETAR 179 136 154 1972 2441

MALE 84 69 60 1341 1554

FEMALE 95 67 94 631 887

PENJARA POKOK SENA 625 5726 5866 4465 16682

MALE 0 5176 5278 4316 14770

FEMALE 625 550 588 149 1912

PENJARA SUNGAI PETANI 1414 1183 955 1068 4620

MALE 1414 1183 955 1067 4619

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 FEMALE 0 0 0 1 1

KELANTAN 7284 7066 7006 7330 28686

PENJARA PENGKALAN CHEPA 3417 3461 3600 3491 13969

MALE 3023 2988 3118 2922 12051

FEMALE 394 473 482 569 1918

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL MACHAN 3867 3605 3406 3839 14717

MALE 3866 3605 3405 3839 14715

FEMALE 1 0 1 0 2

MELAKA 6045 6000 5744 7279 25068

PENJARA PRA BEBAS DUSUN DA 653 460 205 4550 5868

MALE 653 460 205 4550 5868

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA SUNGAI UDANG 5382 5458 5417 2428 18685

MALE 4750 4870 4939 1656 16215

FEMALE 632 588 478 772 2470

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL JASIN 10 82 122 301 515

MALE 10 82 122 301 515

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

NEGERI SEMBILAN 4497 5115 4086 4828 18526

INSTITUT PEMULIHAN DADAH J 1300 1746 1618 2441 7105

MALE 1298 1745 1618 2440 7101

FEMALE 2 1 0 1 4

PENJARA SEREMBAN 3197 3369 2468 2387 11421

MALE 3197 3369 2465 2376 11407

FEMALE 0 0 3 11 14

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PAHANG 8529 7317 7555 7847 31248

PENJARA BENTONG 2938 2947 3051 2557 11493

MALE 2938 2947 3051 2557 11493

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA PENOR 5591 4370 4504 5290 19755

MALE 5039 3795 3933 4737 17504

FEMALE 552 575 571 553 2251

PERAK 8605 8565 7362 9882 34414

PENJARA TAIPING 946 707 798 1744 4195

MALE 946 707 798 1744 4195

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA TAPAH 6142 6575 5890 7538 26145

MALE 5562 5930 5475 6851 23818

FEMALE 580 645 415 687 2327

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL KAMUNTI 1517 1283 674 600 4074

MALE 1517 1281 674 599 4071

FEMALE 0 2 0 1 3

PERLIS 1212 1223 1592 1893 5920

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL PERLIS 1212 1223 1592 1893 5920

MALE 1212 1222 1592 1893 5919

FEMALE 0 1 0 0 1

PULAU PINANG 7596 8324 7951 10050 33921

PENJARA REMAN PULAU PINAN 147 81 74 60 362

MALE 147 81 74 60 362

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA SEBERANG PERAI 7449 8243 7877 9990 33559

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 MALE 6678 7519 7131 9067 30395

FEMALE 771 724 746 923 3164

SABAH 14783 12205 13210 15695 55893

PENJARA KOTA KINABALU 6465 4824 5153 5893 22335

MALE 6464 4824 5152 5893 22333

FEMALE 1 0 1 0 2

PENJARA SANDAKAN 2521 1800 2074 2638 9033

MALE 2113 1575 1810 2338 7836

FEMALE 408 225 264 300 1197

PENJARA TAWAU 4200 4077 4279 5780 18336

MALE 3855 3751 3939 5277 16822

FEMALE 345 326 340 503 1514

PENJARA FEMALE KOTA KINABA 1167 1003 988 730 3888

MALE 0 0 0 0 0

FEMALE 1167 1003 988 730 3888

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL LABUAN 430 501 716 654 2301

MALE 430 499 716 653 2298

FEMALE 0 2 0 1 3

SARAWAK 3840 4284 3845 5433 17402

PENJARA LIMBANG 103 219 323 370 1015

MALE 92 200 312 360 964

FEMALE 11 19 11 10 51

PENJARA MIRI 824 616 656 825 2921

MALE 757 530 536 683 2506

FEMALE 67 86 120 142 415

PENJARA PUNCAK BORNEO 1114 1148 1020 1428 4710

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 MALE 997 915 877 1213 4002

FEMALE 117 233 143 215 708

PENJARA SIBU 922 749 779 1123 3573

MALE 854 689 700 1005 3248

FEMALE 68 60 79 118 325

PENJARA SRI AMAN 491 1043 635 932 3101

MALE 484 1043 635 932 3094

FEMALE 7 0 0 0 7

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL BINTULU 386 509 432 755 2082

MALE 386 508 431 755 2080

FEMALE 0 1 1 0 2

SELANGOR/KUALA LUMPUR 34944 37862 34903 40882 148591

PENJARA KAJANG 24908 28682 26246 17792 97628

MALE 24908 28682 26246 17792 97628

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA SUNGAI BULOH 4132 2098 664 15372 22266

MALE 4132 2098 664 15372 22266

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

PENJARA FEMALE KAJANG 5901 7024 6616 6182 25723

MALE 0 0 0 0 0

FEMALE 5901 7024 6616 6182 25723

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL PUNCAK A 3 58 1377 1536 2974

MALE 3 58 1377 1536 2974

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

TERENGGANU 4728 4676 4963 5123 19490

PENJARA MARANG 3588 3327 3714 3957 14586

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 MALE 3588 3325 3714 3957 14584

FEMALE 0 2 0 0 2

PUSAT KOREKSIONAL DUNGUN 1140 1349 1249 1166 4904

MALE 1140 1349 1249 1166 4904

FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0

Grand Total 115346 121271 117090 138044 491751

From this data, we can see that Male prisoners are higher compared to female prisoners during
these four years,
GENDER TOTAL

Male 435961

Female 55790

Grand Total 491751

Total
500000
450000
400000 435961

350000
300000 Total
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
55790
0
LELAKI WANITA

Now, we can say that most prisoners are men. Prisoners worldwide numbered 10.1 million
persons on a given day about the year 2016. Among those prisoners, about fifteen men were in
prison for every woman in prison.

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3.0 CONCLUSION
Although criminal behavior is usually a symbol associated with men, women are not exempt
from their involvement as criminals. The crimes committed by them are not only limited to petty
crimes, but day by day, the crimes committed are seen to be more serious, aggressive and
extreme.
Based on analytics on spreadsheets conducted for this article, we can conclude that, male
prisoners are higher that female prisoners. The criminal behavior of women has been studied less
than that of men. This could be because women commit fewer crimes than men, especially
violent offences, and also because female crime would typically be carried out in private and
domestic spheres. In addition, women's roles as mothers, society's taboo towards female violence
and consequent denial have possibly reduced the concern of this issue.

REFERENCES
Awang, Z. (2015), SEM made simple: a gentle approach to learning structural equation
modelling. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources
Omar, Z. B. (2001), Current issues in correctional treatment and effective
countermeasures. UNAFEI Resource Material Series, 57, 333-351.
Scott, J. (1995a). Gênero: uma categoria útil de análise histórica. Educação e Realidade, 16(2),
71-99.

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