ING201A WEEK 3

WEEK 2

Objectives: Different approaches to organizing papers (Descriptive vs analytical),

DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL WRITING

Writing with a Descriptive Approach: Descriptive writing appears as literature review or a list
of information relates to a specific topic. It is an objective treatment of what happens in the
given field.

● Miah, A. (2008). A Critical History of Posthumanizm. In Gordijn, B., Chadwick, R.

(eds) Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity. The International Library of Ethics,
Law, and Technology, 2. Dordrecht: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-
8852-0_6

The connections across disciplines is critical to build into our theoretical appreciation of
posthumanism, so that we come to terms with the breadth and depth of its implications. For
instance, posthumanism speaks to such issues as animal ethics by interrogating the
significance of species boundaries, a concept that has shaped a series of moral commitments
to both animals and humans. Such discussions are prominent in discussions about hybrid
embryos, for instance, and the broader debates about transgenics. Each of these topics can be
viewed from the perspective of posthumanism and a number of emerging philosophical
stances can be characterized as posthumanist responses to such prospects.

● Iqbal MH, Aydin A, Brunckhorst O, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. A review of wearable

technology in medicine. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2016;109(10):372-
380. doi:10.1177/0141076816663560

With rapid advances in technology, wearable devices have evolved and been adopted for
various uses, ranging from simple devices used in aiding fitness to more complex devices
used in assisting surgery. Wearable technology is broadly divided into head-mounted displays
and body sensors. A broad search of the current literature revealed a total of 13 different body
sensors and 11 head-mounted display devices. The latter have been reported for use in surgery
(n = 7), imaging (n = 3), simulation and education (n = 2) and as navigation tools (n = 1). Body
sensors have been used as vital signs monitors (n = 9) and for posture-related devices for
posture and fitness (n = 4). Body sensors were found to have excellent functionality in aiding
patient posture and rehabilitation while head-mounted displays can provide information to
surgeons to while maintaining sterility during operative procedures. There is a potential role
for head-mounted wearable technology and body sensors in medicine and patient care.
However, there is little scientific evidence available proving that the application of such
technologies improves patient satisfaction or care. Further studies need to be conducted prior
to a clear conclusion.
ING201A WEEK 3

Writing with an Analytical Approach: In analytical papers, there is a set of questions,

arguments, or hypotheses discussed in detail.

● Noorian, A.R., Hosseini, M.B., Avila, G., & Gerardi, R. (2019). Use of Wearable
Technology in Remote Evaluation of Acute Stroke Patients: Feasibility and Reliability
of a Google Glass-Based Device. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases,
28(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.06.016.

The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility and inter-rater reliability of wearable eyeglass
video technology in assessing stroke-related neurologic deficits in patients with suspected
acute stroke. Methods: Consecutive patients with suspected stroke were evaluated
concurrently by an on-site neurologist using wearable eyeglass video technology and a
remotely located neurologist viewing the patient through an online platform. Inter-rater
reliability in assigning National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores was
evaluated using inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa
scores. Results: Among 17 enrolled patients, mean age was 58 (SD ± 20) and 29% were
female. There was a high degree of correlation in total NIHSS score (ICC .99 and weighted
kappa .88) and across all NIHSS subitems (ICC .81-1 and weighted kappa .68-1) between the
examiner evaluating remotely via wearable eyeglass video technology with access to the
patient and the in-person examiner. The maximum difference between the 2 NIHSS scores
was 3. Conclusions: The use of wearable eyeglass video technology in telestroke is feasible
and reliable. Use of this technology in the prehospital setting has the potential to improve
early assessment of patients with acute stroke symptoms and to facilitate transfer to
appropriate stroke centers in the regional systems of care.

● Herbrechter, S. (2018). Posthumanist Education?. In: Smeyers, P. (eds) International

Handbook of Philosophy of Education. Springer International Handbooks of
Education. Cham:Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72761-5_53

This contribution distinguishes between different varieties of posthumanism. It promotes a

‘critical posthumanism’ which engages with an emerging new world picture at the level of
ethics, ecology, politics, technology and epistemology. On this basis, it explores the question
of a posthumanist and postanthropocentric education both from a philosophical, theoretical
and practical, curricular point of view. By way of a critically engagement with the discussion
about digital media, globalization and the notion of new literacies, it highlights some of the
practical implications that a posthumanist education might have on educational policy. It
concludes by emphasizing the risks but also benefits that new subjectivities and reading
practices based on digital media convergence might have for posthumanist education.