MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

SMART BANK LOCKERS

USING
ARDUINO AND GSM

A Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communications Engineering

Under the Supervision of

Prof. Parveen Kumar

By

PALLAVI RAJORA (03715002817)

HARSHIT JAIN (43515002817)

MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

C-4, Janakpuri, New Delhi-58

Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
June, 2021
 SMART BANK LOCKERS
USING
ARDUINO AND GSM

A Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communications Engineering

Under the Supervision of

Prof. Parveen Kumar

By

PALLAVI RAJORA (03715002817)

HARSHIT JAIN (43515002817)

MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

C-4, Janakpuri, New Delhi-58

Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
June, 2021
 DECLARATION

We, students of Bachelors in Technology (Electronics & Communications

Engineering) hereby declare that the project work done on “Smart Bank Lockers
using Arduino and GSM” submitted to Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology,
Janakpuri, New Delhi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree
of Bachelor of Technology comprises of our original work and has not been submitted
anywhere else for any other degree to the best of our knowledge.

Pallavi Rajora (0371502817)

Harshit Jain (43515002817)

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work done on “Smart Bank Lockers using
Arduino and GSM” submitted to Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology,
Janakpuri, New Delhi by Harshit Jain (43515002817) and Pallavi Rajora
(03715002817) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelors of Technology, is a bonafide work carried out by them under my
supervision and guidance. This project work comprises of original work and has not
been submitted anywhere else for any other degree to the best of my knowledge.

Prof. Parveen Kumar Prof. Archana Balyan

(Project Supervisor) (HOD, ECE)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

When we started working on this project, we had an expecting learning curve in mind
and as we reach the end of it, we’re delighted that our expectations have been
satisfactorily met.
We have many people to extend our gratitude for their help as they accompanied us
till the end:
Prof. Archana Balyan (HOD, ECE) for her enthusiasm, patience and insightful
comments. Without her, “Smart Bank Lockers using Arduino and GSM” could not
have been possible.

We’d also like to thank Dr. Puneet Azad for his immense knowledge, profound
experience and professional expertise that have helped us to complete this project
successfully.

We’re very grateful to our project supervisor Prof. Parveen Kumar for his precious
time in guiding us and for always motivating me in our times of need till the
completion of this project.

We would also like to express a deep sense of gratitude to Maharaja Surajmal

Institute of Technology for providing us with such varied opportunities and
experiences in our time as a student here.

Pallavi Rajora (0371502817)

Harshit Jain (43515002817)

 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT V

LIST OF FIGURES VII

LIST OF TABLES IX

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO GSM

1.1 What is GSM 1

1.2 History 2

1.2.1 Initial Development for GSM by Europeans 2

1.2.2 First Networks 3

1.2.3 Enhancements 4

1.2.4 Adoption 5

12.5 Discontinuation 5

1.3 Technical Details 6

1.3.1 Network Structure 6

1.3.2 Base-Station Substation 7

1.3.3 GSM Carrier Frequencies 8

1.3.4 Voice Codecs 9

I
 1.3.5 Subscriber Identity Module 9

1.3.6 Phone Locking 10

1.4 GSM Security 10

1.5 GSM Open Source Software 11

1.5.1 Issues with Patents and Open Source 12

CHAPTER 2- HARDWARE COMPONENTS: A BRIEF STUDY

2.1 SIM900A GSM Module 13

2.1.1 Features 14

2.1.2 AT Command Set 14

2.1.3 Pin Configuration 16

2.2 Arduino Uno 19

2.2.1 Technical Specifications 20

2.2.2 Pin Configuration 21

2.3 IC2 LCD 22

2.3.1 Features 23

2.3.2 Pin Configuration 24

2.3.3 Schematics 24

2.4 4*3 Keypad 25

2.5 L293D Motor Driver IC 26

2.5.1 Features 27

II
 2.5.2 Pin Configuration 27

2.6 7805 Voltage Regulator IC 28

2.6.1 Features 29

2.6.2 Pin Configuration 29

CHAPTER 3- SOFTWARE USED: AN INTRODUCTION

3.1 Arduino Software IDE 30

3.1.1 Uploading 31

3.1.2 Libraries 31

3.1.3 Third Party Hardware 32

3.1.4 Serial Monitor 32

CHAPTER 4- THE PROPOSED MODEL

4.1 Background 33

4.2 Objective 33

4.3 Components Used 34

4.4 Block Diagram 35

4.5 Circuit Diagram 36

4.6 Prototype 37

4.7 Process of Function 38

4.8 Conclusion 41

III
4.9 Real-Time Applications 42

4.10 Future Advancements 42

BIBLOGRAPHY 43

IV
 ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

One of the many services that banking systems provide to its customers is the
provision of secure lockers where they can store their valuables for safe-keeping. The
bank offers lockers of various sizes which are ordinarily leased for a period of one
year. Current locker system in all banks uses traditional locks, which are heavy, not
protective and manually operated. Lockers are operated with the help of keys which
can be duplicated by professionals. Each locker works on two keys, one master-key is
with the bank and the other one is with the customer. Every time a customer wants to
use his/her locker, a record (ledger book) is maintained manually, where the customer
has to sign.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this project is to design and implement a highly secured and reliable
smart bank locker security system based on GSM technology. This can be organized
in bank, offices (treasury), schools and homes. In this system only the authentic
person can open the lock and collect the important documents, jewellery or money
from the lockers.

PROPOSED PROJECT

In Smart Bank Lockers, a smart logic will be used to identify the Person in Bank’s
Locker Facility. When the locker holder intends to operate his/her locker, when the
locker holder intends to operate his/her locker, he/she shall enter the fixed password
allotted by the bank via keypad into the system. Once the entered password is
verified, a random OTP is generated by the microcontroller and sent to the phone
number registered via GSM. Once the correct OTP is entered by the locker holder, the

V
locker door will be unlocked. If at any step an incorrect password is entered, the alarm
(buzzer) will set off.

REAL-TIME APPLICATION:

This project can be used further in the following places: in all banks for lockers, in
house security systems, school/college treasuries, in vehicle security systems.

CONCLUSION:

With the development of this project, the current manual system can be evolved into a
digital one which will therefore offer more layers of security and safety and also make
the experience more personal and interactive.

VI
 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO GSM

Fig 1.1 The GSM logo 2

Fig 1.2 Prototype GSM phones from 1991 4

Fig 1.3 The structure of a GSM network 6

Fig 1.4 GSM cell site antennas in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany 7

CHAPTER 2- HARDWARE COMPONENTS: A BRIEF STUDY

Fig 2.1 SIM900A GSM Module 13

Fig 2.2 Parts of SIM900A GSM Module 16

Fig 2.3 Arduino Uno 19

Fig 2.4 Pin configuration of Arduino Uno 21

Fig 2.5 IC2 LCD 23

Fig 2.6 Connections made between IC2 LCD and Arduino 24

Fig 2.7 4*3 Keypad 25

Fig 2.8 L293D Motor Driver IC Pin Diagram 26

Fig 2.9 L293D Motor Regulator IC 28

VII
CHAPTER 4- THE PROPOSED MODEL

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram of Prototype 35

Fig 4.2 Circuit Diagram of Prototype 36

Fig 4.3 Project Prototype 37

Fig 4.4 LCD display 1 38

Fig 4.5 LCD display 2 38

Fig 4.6 LCD display 3 39

Fig 4.7 LCD display 4 39

Fig 4.8 LCD display 5 40

Fig 4.9 LCD display 6 40

Fig 4.10 LCD display 7 41

Fig 4.11 LCD display 8 41

VIII
 LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER 2- HARDWARE COMPONENTS: A BRIEF STUDY

Table 2.1 AT commands and their description 15

Table 2.2 Pin configuration of SIM900A GSM Module 17-18

Table 2.3 Technical specifications of Arduino Uno 20

Table 2.4 Pin configuration of Arduino Uno 21-22

Table 2.5 Spinning direction of L293D 26

Table 2.6 Pin Configuration of L293D IC 27-28

Table 2.7 Pin Configuration of L293D IC 29

IX
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO GSM

1.1 WHAT IS GSM?

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for
second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile
phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in December 1991. By the mid-2010s,
it became a global standard for mobile communications achieving over 90% market
share, and operating in over 193 countries and territories. 2G networks developed as a
replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks. The GSM standard
originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice
telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-
switched transport, then by packet data transport via General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). Subsequently, the 3GPP
developed third-generation (3G) UMTS standards, followed by the fourth-generation
(4G) LTE Advanced and the fifth-generation 5G standards, which do not form part of the
ETSI GSM standard. "GSM" is a trade mark owned by the GSM Association. It may also
refer to the (initially) most common voice codec used, Full Rate. As a result of the
network's widespread use across Europe, the acronym "GSM" was briefly used a generic
term for phones in France, the Netherlands and in Wallonia, Belgium.

1
 Fig 1.1 The GSM logo

1.2 HISTORY

1.2.1 INITIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR GSM BY EUROPEANS

In 1983, work began to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice
telecommunications when the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT) set up the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) committee and later
provided a permanent technical-support group based in Paris. Five years later, in 1987, 15
representatives from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of understanding in
Copenhagen to develop and deploy a common cellular telephone system across Europe,
and EU rules were passed to make GSM a mandatory standard. The decision to develop a
continental standard eventually resulted in a unified, open, standard-based network which
was larger than that in the United States.

In February 1987 Europe produced the first agreed GSM Technical Specification.
Ministers from the four big EU countries cemented their political support for GSM with
the Bonn Declaration on Global Information Networks in May and the GSM MoU was
tabled for signature in September. The MoU drew in mobile operators from across
Europe to pledge to invest in new GSM networks to an ambitious common date.

2
In this short 38-week period the whole of Europe (countries and industries) had been
brought behind GSM in a rare unity and speed guided by four public officials: Armin
Silberhorn (Germany), Stephen Temple (UK), Philippe Dupuis (France), and Renzo Failli
(Italy).In 1989 the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The IEEE/RSE awarded to
Thomas Haug and Philippe Dupuis the 2018 James Clerk Maxwell medal for their
"leadership in the development of the first international mobile communications standard
with subsequent evolution into worldwide smartphone data communication". The GSM
(2G) has evolved into 3G, 4G and 5G.

1.2.2 FIRST NETWORKS

In parallel France and Germany signed a joint development agreement in 1984 and were
joined by Italy and the UK in 1986. In 1986, the European Commission proposed
reserving the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM. The former Finnish prime minister Harri
Holkeri made the world's first GSM call on 1 July 1991, calling Kaarina Suonio (deputy
mayor of the city of Tampere) using a network built by Nokia and Siemens and operated
by Radiolinja. The following year saw the sending of the first short messaging service
(SMS or "text message") message, and Vodafone UK and Telecom Finland signed the
first international roaming agreement.

3
 Fig 1.2 Prototype GSM phones from 1991

1.2.3 ENHANCEMENTS

Work began in 1991 to expand the GSM standard to the 1800 MHz frequency band and
the first 1800 MHz network became operational in the UK by 1993, called and DCS
1800. Also that year, Telecom Australia became the first network operator to deploy a
GSM network outside Europe and the first practical hand-held GSM mobile phone
became available. In 1995 fax, data and SMS messaging services were launched
commercially, the first 1900 MHz GSM network became operational in the United States
and GSM subscribers worldwide exceeded 10 million. In the same year, the GSM
Association formed. Pre-paid GSM SIM cards were launched in 1996 and worldwide
GSM subscribers passed 100 million in 1998.In 2000 the first commercial GPRS services
were launched and the first GPRS-compatible handsets became available for sale. In
2001, the first UMTS (W-CDMA) network was launched, a 3G technology that is not
part of GSM. Worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 500 million. In 2002, the first
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) was introduced and the first GSM network in the
800 MHz frequency band became operational. EDGE services first became operational in
a network in 2003, and the number of worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 1 billion in
2004.By 2005 GSM networks accounted for more than 75% of the worldwide cellular

4
network market, serving 1.5 billion subscribers. In 2005, the first HSDPA-capable
network also became operational. The first HSUPA network launched in 2007. (High-
Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and its uplink and downlink versions are 3G technologies,
not part of GSM.) Worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded three billion in 2008.

1.2.4 ADOPTION

The GSM Association estimated in 2011 that technologies defined in the GSM standard
served 80% of the mobile market, encompassing more than 5 billion people across more
than 212 countries and territories, making GSM the most ubiquitous of the many
standards for cellular networks. GSM is a second-generation (2G) standard employing
time-division multiple-Access (TDMA) spectrum-sharing, issued by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The GSM standard does not include the
3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), code division multiple
access (CDMA) technology, nor the 4G LTE orthogonal frequency-division multiple
access (OFDMA) technology standards issued by the 3GPP.GSM, for the first time, set a
common standard for Europe for wireless networks. It was also adopted by many
countries outside Europe. This allowed subscribers to use other GSM networks that have
roaming agreements with each other. The common standard reduced research and
development costs, since hardware and software could be sold with only minor
adaptations for the local market.

1.2.5 DISCONTINUATION

Telstra in Australia shut down its 2G GSM network on 1 December 2016, the first mobile
network operator to decommission a GSM network. The second mobile provider to shut
down its GSM network (on 1 January 2017) was AT&T Mobility from the United States.
Optus in Australia completed the shut down its 2G GSM network on 1 August 2017, part
of the Optus GSM network covering Western Australia and the Northern Territory had
earlier in the year been shut down in April 2017.Singapore shut down 2G services
entirely in April 2017.

5
1.3 TECHNICAL DETAILS

1.3.1 NETWORK STRUCTURE

The network is structured into several discrete sections:

 Base station subsystem – the base stations and their controllers

 Network and Switching Subsystem – the part of the network most similar to a
fixed network, sometimes just called the "core network"
 GPRS Core Network – the optional part which allows packet-based Internet
connections
 Operations support system (OSS) – network maintenance

Fig 1.3 The structure of a GSM network

6
1.3.2 BASE-STATION SUBSYSTEM

GSM utilizes a cellular network, meaning that cell phones connect to it by searching for
cells in the immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network:

 Macro cells
 Micro cells
 Pico cells
 Femto cells
 Umbrella cells

Fig 1.4 GSM cell site antennas in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany

The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment.
Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base-station antenna is installed on a mast
or a building above average rooftop level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is
under average rooftop level; they are typically deployed in urban areas. Pico cells are
small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors.

7
Femto cells are cells designed for use in residential or small-business environments and
connect to a telecommunications service provider's network via a broadband-internet
connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and to fill
in gaps in coverage between those cells.

Cell horizontal radius varies – depending on antenna height, antenna gain, and
propagation conditions – from a couple of hundred meters to several tens of kilometres.
The longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical use is 35 kilometres (22
mi). There are also several implementations of the concept of an extended cell, where the
cell radius could be double or even more, depending on the antenna system, the type of
terrain, and the timing advance.

GSM supports indoor coverage – achievable by using an indoor pico cell base station, or
an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas fed through power splitters – to
deliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors to the separate indoor distributed
antenna system. Pico cells are typically deployed when significant call capacity is needed
indoors, as in shopping centres or airports. However, this is not a prerequisite, since
indoor coverage is also provided by in-building penetration of radio signals from any
nearby cell.

1.3.3 GSM CARRIER FREQUENCIES

GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into
GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM
networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already
allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada
and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned
in some countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems. For
comparison, most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. For
more information on worldwide GSM frequency usage, see GSM frequency bands.
Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for
individual phones. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per

8
radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA
frame. Half-rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate
for all 8 channels is 270.833 Kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission
power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM 850/900 and 1 watt in
GSM 1800/1900.

1.3.4 VOICE CODECS

GSM has used a variety of voice codecs to squeeze 3.1 kHz audio into between 7 and 13
Kbit/s. Originally, two codecs, named after the types of data channel they were allocated,
were used, called Half Rate (6.5 Kbit/s) and Full Rate (13 Kbit/s). These used a system
based on linear predictive coding (LPC). In addition to being efficient with bitrates, these
codecs also made it easier to identify more important parts of the audio, allowing the air
interface layer to prioritize and better protect these parts of the signal. GSM was further
enhanced in 1997[20] with the enhanced full rate (EFR) codec, a 12.2 Kbit/s codec that
uses a full-rate channel. Finally, with the development of UMTS, EFR was refactored
into a variable-rate codec called AMR-Narrowband, which is high quality and robust
against interference when used on full-rate channels, or less robust but still relatively high
quality when used in good radio conditions on half-rate channel.

1.3.5 SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (SIM)

One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module, commonly known as a
SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user's subscription
information and phone book. This allows the user to retain his or her information after
switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can change operators while retaining the
handset simply by changing the SIM.

9
1.3.6 PHONE LOCKING

Sometimes mobile network operators restrict handsets that they sell for exclusive use in
their own network. This is called SIM locking and is implemented by a software feature
of the phone. A subscriber may usually contact the provider to remove the lock for a fee,
utilize private services to remove the lock, or use software and websites to unlock the
handset themselves. It is possible to hack past a phone locked by a network operator.

1.4 GSM SECURITY

GSM was intended to be a secure wireless system. It has considered the user
authentication using a pre-shared key and challenge-response, and over-the-air
encryption. However, GSM is vulnerable to different types of attack, each of them aimed
at a different part of the network.

The development of UMTS introduced an optional Universal Subscriber Identity Module

(USIM), that uses a longer authentication key to give greater security, as well as mutually
authenticating the network and the user, whereas GSM only authenticates the user to the
network (and not vice versa). The security model therefore offers confidentiality and
authentication, but limited authorization capabilities, and no non-repudiation.

GSM uses several cryptographic algorithms for security. The A5/1, A5/2, and A5/3
stream ciphers are used for ensuring over-the-air voice privacy. A5/1 was developed first
and is a stronger algorithm used within Europe and the United States; A5/2 is weaker and
used in other countries. Serious weaknesses have been found in both algorithms: it is
possible to break A5/2 in real-time with a cipher text- only attack, and in January 2007,
The Hacker's Choice started the A5/1 cracking project with plans to use FPGAs that
allow A5/1 to be broken with a rainbow table attack. The system supports multiple
algorithms so operators may replace that cipher with a stronger one.

Since 2000 different efforts have been made in order to crack the A5 encryption
algorithms. Both A5/1 and A5/2 algorithms have been broken, and their cryptanalysis has
been revealed in the literature. As an example, Karsten Nohl developed a number of

10
rainbow tables (static values which reduce the time needed to carry out an attack) and
have found new sources for known plaintext attacks. He said that it is possible to build "a
full GSM interceptor...from open-source components" but that they had not done so
because of legal concerns. Nohl claimed that he was able to intercept voice and text
conversations by impersonating another user to listen to voicemail, make calls, or send
text messages using a seven-year-old Motorola cell phone and decryption software
available for free online.

GSM uses General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for data transmissions like browsing the
web. The most commonly deployed GPRS ciphers were publicly broken in 2011.

The researchers revealed flaws in the commonly used GEA/1 and GEA/2 ciphers and
published the open-source "GPRS decode" software for sniffing GPRS networks. They
also noted that some carriers do not encrypt the data (i.e., using GEA/0) in order to detect
the use of traffic or protocols they do not like (e.g., Skype), leaving customers
unprotected. GEA/3 seems to remain relatively hard to break and is said to be in use on
some more modern networks. If used with USIM to prevent connections to fake base
stations and downgrade attacks, users will be protected in the medium term, though
migration to 128-bit GEA/4 is still recommended. In 2021 GEA/1 turned out to be
weakened on purpose.

The GSM systems and services are described in a set of standards governed by ETSI,
where a full list is maintained.

1.5 GSM OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE:

Several open source software projects exist that provide certain GSM features:

 gsmd daemon by Openmoko

 OpenBTS develops a Base transceiver station
 The GSM Software Project aims to build a GSM analyser for less than $1,000
 OsmocomBB developers intend to replace the proprietary baseband GSM stack
with a free software implementation

11
  YateBTS develops a Base transceiver station

1.5.1 ISSUES WITH PATENTS AND OPEN SOURCE:

Patents remain a problem for any open-source GSM implementation, because it is not
possible for GNU or any other free software distributor to guarantee immunity from all
lawsuits by the patent holders against the users. Furthermore, new features are being
added to the standard all the time which means they have patent protection for a number
of years.

The original GSM implementations from 1991 may now be entirely free of patent
encumbrances, however patent freedom is not certain due to the United States' "first to
invent" system that was in place until 2012. The "first to invent" system, coupled with
"patent term adjustment" can extend the life of a U.S. patent far beyond 20 years from its
priority date. It is unclear at this time whether OpenBTS will be able to implement
features of that initial specification without limit. As patents subsequently expire,
however, those features can be added into the open-source version. As of 2011, there
have been no lawsuits against users of OpenBTS over GSM use.

12
 CHAPTER 2

HARDWARE COMPONENTS: A BRIEF STUDY

2.1 SIM900A GSM MODULE

The SIM900A is a readily available GSM/GPRS module, used in many mobile phones
and PDA. The module can also be used for developing IOT (Internet of Things) and
Embedded Applications. SIM900A is a dual-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies EGSM 900MHz and DCS 1800MHz. SIM900A features GPRS multi-slot
class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and
CS-4.

Fig 2.1 SIM900A GSM Module

13
2.1.1 FEATURES

 Single supply voltage: 3.4V – 4.5V

 Power saving mode: Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode is 1.5mA
 Frequency bands: SIM900A Dual-band: EGSM900, DCS1800. The SIM900A can
search the two frequency bands automatically. The frequency bands also can be
set by AT command.
 GSM class: Small MS
 GPRS connectivity: GPRS multi-slot class 10 (default), GPRS multi-slot class 8
(option)
 Transmitting power: Class 4 (2W) at EGSM 900, Class 1 (1W) at DCS 1800
 Operating Temperature: -30ºC to +80ºC
 Storage Temperature: -5ºC to +90ºC
 DATA GPRS: download transfer max is 85.6KBps, Upload transfer max
42.8KBps
 Supports CSD, USSD, SMS, FAX
 Supports MIC and Audio Input
 Speaker Input
 Features keypad interface
 Features display interface
 Features Real Time Clock
 Supports UART interface
 Supports single SIM card
 Firmware upgrade by debug port
 Communication by using AT commands

2.1.2 AT COMMAND SET

The following section describes the AT-Command set. The commands can be tried out by
connecting a GSM modem to one of the PC’s COM ports. Type in the test-command,

14
adding CR + LF (Carriage return + Line feed = \r\n) before executing. Table gives an
overview of the implemented AT-Commands in this application. The use of the
commands is described in the later sections.

Command Description
AT Check if serial interface and GSM modem is working.
ATE0 Turn echo off, less traffic on serial line.
AT+CNMI Display of new incoming SMS.
AT+CPMS Selection of SMS memory.
AT+CMGF SMS string format, how they are compressed.
AT+CMGR Read new message from a given memory location.
AT+CMGS Send message to a given recipient.
AT+CMGD Delete message.

Table 2.1 AT commands and their description

15
2.1.3 PIN CONFIGURATION

SIM900A is a 68 terminal device as shown in pin diagram.

Fig 2.2 Parts of SIM900A GSM Module

16
 Pin Number Pin Name Description
Voltage input for PWRKEY. PWRKEY
1 PWRKEY should be pulled low to power on or power
off the system.
Connecting PWRKEY and PWRKEY_OUT
2 PWRKEY_OUT for a short time then release also can power
on or power off the module.
3 DTR Data terminal Ready [Serial port ]
4 RI Ring indicator [Serial port ]
5 DCD Data carry detect [Serial port ]
6 DSR Data Set Ready [Serial port ]
7 CTS Clear to send [Serial port ]
8 RTS Request to send [Serial port ]
9 TXD Transmit data [Serial port ]
10 RXD Receive data [Serial port ]
11 DISP _CLK Clock for display [Display interface]
12 DISP_DATA Display data output [Display interface]
Display data or command select [Display
13 DISP _D/C
interface]
14 DISP _CS Display Enable [Display interface]
15 VDD_EXT 2.8V output power supply
16 NRESET External reset input

17, 18, 29, 39, 45,

46, 53, 54, 58, 59, GND Ground
61, 62, 63, 64, 65

19 MIC_P Microphone Positive

20 MIC_N Microphone Negative
21 SPK_P Speaker Positive
22 SPK_N Speaker Negative
Right Channel input [External line inputs are
available to directly mix or multiplex
externally generated analog signals such as
23 LINEIN_R
polyphonic tones from an external melody IC
or music generated by an FM tuner IC or
module.]

17
 24 LINEIN_L Left Channel Input
25 ADC General purpose analog to digital converter.
Current input for RTC when the battery is not
supplied for the system. Current output for
26 VRTC backup battery when the main battery is
present and the backup battery is in low
voltage state.
Transmit pin [Serial interface for debugging
27 DBG_TXD
and firmware upgrade ]
Receive pin [Serial interface for debugging
28 DBG_RXD
and firmware upgrade ]
30 SIM_VDD Voltage supply for SIM card
31 SIM_DATA SIM data output
32 SIM_CLK SIM clock
33 SIM_RST SIM reset
SIM_PRESENC
34 SIM detect
E
35 PWM1 PWM Output
36 PWM2 PWM Output
37 SDA Serial Data [I2C]
38 SCL Serial Clock [I2C]
40, 41, 42, 43, 44 KBR0 to KBR4
& & Keypad interface [ROWS & COLUMNS]
47, 48, 49, 50, 51 KBC4 to KBC0
52 NETLIGHT Indicate net status
Three VBAT pins are dedicated to connect
the supply voltage. The power supply of
SIM900A has to be a single voltage source of
55, 56, 57 VBAT
VBAT= 3.4V to 4.5V. It must be able to
provide sufficient current in a transmit burst
which typically rises to 2A.
60 RF_ANT Antenna connection
66 STATUS Indicate working status
67 GPIO 11 General Purpose Input/output
68 GPIO 12 General Purpose Input/output

Table 2.2 Pin configuration of SIM900A GSM Module

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2.2 ARDUINO UNO

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller.

Along with ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial
communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has
14 digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input
pins, a USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino

consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as
a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the
physical board. The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting
out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit
boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in
order to load new code onto the board – you can simply use a USB cable. Arduino
provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a
more accessible package.

Fig 2.3 Arduino Uno

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The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come
either from an AC-to-DC Adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected
by plugging a 2.1mm centre-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a
battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The
board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V,
however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If
using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.

2.2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller

Operating Voltage 5V
Recommended Input
7-12V
Voltage
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Boot loader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz

Table 2.3 Technical specifications of Arduino Uno

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2.2.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

Fig 2.4 Pin configuration of Arduino Uno

Pin Category Pin Name Details

Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when

using an external power source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to
power microcontroller and other
Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND components on the board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-
board voltage regulator. Maximum
current draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.

Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.

Used to provide analog input in the
Analog Pins A0 – A5
range of 0-5V
Input / Output Pins Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.

21
 Used to receive and transmit TTL serial
Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx)
data.
External Interrupts 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.

PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.

10 (SS), 11 (MOSI),
SPI 12 (MISO) and 13 Used for SPI communication.
(SCK)
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.

TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.

To provide reference voltage for input
AREF AREF
voltage.

Table 2.4 Pin configuration of Arduino Uno

2.3 IC2 LCD

I2C LCD is an easy-to-use display module; it can make display easier. Using it can
reduce the difficulty of make, so that makers can focus on the core of the work. We
developed the Arduino library for I2C LCD, user just need a few lines of the code can
achieve complex graphics and text display features. It can replace the serial monitor of
Arduino in some place, you can get running information without a computer. More than
that, we also develop the dedicated picture data convert software (bitmap converter) now
is available to support PC platform of windows, Linux, Mac OS. Through the bitmap
convert software you can get your favourite picture displayed on I2C LCD, without the
need for complex programming.

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 Fig 2.5 IC2 LCD

2.3.1 FEATURES

The features of module are as follow:

 Only 2 Arduino pins are occupied (Use I2Cinterface).

 Supports standard I2C mode (100Kbit/s) and fast I2C model (400Kbit/s).
 Compatible with multiple communication logic levels: 2.8~5VDC.
 Integrate 7 sizes of ASCll fonts, 5 graphics functions.
 Most of the complex operation is processed by I2C_LCD independent controller,
saving user controller resources.
 Supports cursor function, can set up 16 cursor flicker frequency.
 Supports 128 level backlight lightness adjustment.
 Support 64 level screen contrast adjustment.
 Support device address modification.
 Supports 127 I2C_LCD work in parallel.
 Compatible with Grove interface and 4Pin-100mil interface (under the Grove
socket)

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2.3.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

I2C LCD has four pins which is as follow:

 VCC: Power supply

 GND: GND power
 SCL: I2C Clock Input
 SDA: I2C Data

2.3.3 SCHEMATICS

Fig 2.6 Connections made between IC2 LCD and Arduino

Wire the I2C LCD to Arduino by following the schematic below.

 The module GND pin is connected to Arduino GND pin

 The module SDA pin is connected to Arduino pin A4
 The module SCL pin is connected to Arduino pin A5
 The module VCC pin is connected to Arduino 5V pin

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2.4 4*3 KEYPAD

This Matrix Keypad 4*3 has 12 buttons, arranged in a telephone-line 3*4 grid. The keys
are connected into a matrix, hence only 7 microcontroller pins (3-columns and 4-rows)
are required to scan the pad. This is because we often need many I/O pins compared to
those available on the Arduino Uno or Nano boards. The ordinary numerical keypads are
structured in matrix: a 4x3 keypad, requires 4+3 Arduino digital pins. Numerous libraries
are available on the net to use it with Arduino. The working principle is very simple.
Pressing a button shorts one of the row lines to one of the column lines, allowing current
to flow between them. For example, when key '4' is pressed, column 1 and row 2 are
shorted. A microcontroller can scan these lines for a button-pressed state.

Fig 2.7 4*3 Keypad

25
2.5 L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC

L293D IC is a typical Motor Driver IC which allows the DC motor to drive on any
direction. This IC consists of 16-pins which are used to control a set of two DC motors
instantaneously in any direction.

Fig 2.8 L293D Motor Driver IC Pin Diagram

The spinning direction of a motor can be controlled by applying either a logic HIGH (5
Volts) or logic LOW (Ground) to these pins. The below chart illustrates how this is done.

IN1 IN2 Spinning Direction

Low(0) Low(0) Motor OFF
High(1) Low(0) Forward
Low(0) High(1) Backward
High(1) High(1) Motor OFF

Table 2.5 Spinning direction of L293D

26
2.5.1 FEATURES

 Can be used to run Two DC motors with the same IC.

 Speed and Direction control is possible
 Motor voltage Vcc2 (Vs): 4.5V to 36V
 Maximum Peak motor current: 1.2A
 Maximum Continuous Motor Current: 600mA
 Supply Voltage to Vcc1 (Vss): 4.5V to 7V
 Transition time: 300ns (at 5Vand 24V)
 Automatic Thermal shutdown is available
 Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP, SOIC packages

2.5.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Enable 1,2 This pin enables the input pin Input 1(2) and Input 2(7)
Directly controls the Output 1 pin. Controlled by digital
2 Input 1
circuits
3 Output 1 Connected to one end of Motor 1
4 Ground Ground pins are connected to ground of circuit (0V)
5 Ground Ground pins are connected to ground of circuit (0V)
6 Output 2 Connected to another end of Motor 1
Directly controls the Output 2 pin. Controlled by digital
7 Input 2
circuits
Connected to Voltage pin for running motors (4.5V to
8 Vcc2 (Vs)
36V)
This pin enables the input pin Input 3(10) and Input
9 Enable 3,4
4(15)
Directly controls the Output 3 pin. Controlled by digital
10 Input 3
circuits
11 Output 3 Connected to one end of Motor 2
12 Ground Ground pins are connected to ground of circuit (0V)
13 Ground Ground pins are connected to ground of circuit (0V)
14 Output 4 Connected to another end of Motor 2

27
 Directly controls the Output 4 pin. Controlled by digital
15 Input 4
circuits
16 Vcc2 (Vss) Connected to +5V to enable IC function

Table 2.6 Pin Configuration of L293D IC

2.6 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC

Voltage regulators are very common in electronic circuits. They provide a constant
output voltage for a varied input voltage. In our case the 7805 IC is an iconic regulator IC
that finds its application in most of the projects. The name 7805 signifies two meaning,
“78” means that it is a positive voltage regulator and “05” means that it provides 5V as
output. So our 7805 will provide a +5V output voltage.

The output current of this IC can go up to 1.5A. But, the IC suffers from heavy heat loss
hence a Heat sink is recommended for projects that consume more current. For example
if the input voltage is 12V and you are consuming 1A, then (12-5) * 1 = 7W. This 7
Watts will be dissipated as heat.

Fig 2.9 L293D Motor Regulator IC

28
2.6.1 FEATURES

 5V Positive Voltage Regulator

 Minimum Input Voltage is 7V
 Maximum Input Voltage is 25V
 Operating current (IQ) is 5mA
 Internal Thermal Overload and Short circuit current limiting protection is
available.
 Junction Temperature maximum 125 degree Celsius
 Available in TO-220 and KTE package

2.6.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Input (V+) Unregulated Input Voltage
2 Ground (GND) Connected to Ground
3 Output (Vo) Outputs Regulated +5V

Table 2.7 Pin Configuration of L293D IC

29
 CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE USED: AN INTRODUCTION

3.1 ARDUINO SOFTWARE IDE

Arduino IDE is an open source software that is mainly used for writing and compiling the
code into the Arduino Module. It is an official Arduino software, making code
compilation too easy that even a common person with no prior technical knowledge can
get their feet wet with the learning process. It is easily available for operating systems
like MAC, Windows, and Linux and runs on the Java Platform that comes with inbuilt
functions and commands that play a vital role for debugging, editing and compiling the
code in the environment.

A range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more. Each of them contains a microcontroller on
the board that is actually programmed and accepts the information in the form of code.

The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately
generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the board.
These sketches are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino.
The editor has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message
area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console
displays text output by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages
and other information.

The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where
former is used for writing the required code and later is used for compiling and uploading
the code into the given Arduino Module. This environment supports both C and C++
languages.

30
3.1.1 UPLOADING

Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from the Tools >
Board and Tools > Port menus. The boards are described below. On the Mac, the serial
port is probably something like /dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for an Uno or Mega2560 or
Leonardo) or /dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB board), or
/dev/tty.USA19QW1b1P1.1 (for a serial board connected with a Keyspan USB-to-Serial
adapter). On Windows, it's probably COM1 or COM2 (for a serial board) or COM4,
COM5, COM7, or higher (for a USB board) - to find out, you look for USB serial device
in the ports section of the Windows Device Manager. On Linux, it should be
/dev/ttyACMx , /dev/ttyUSBx or similar. Once you've selected the correct serial port and
board, press the upload button in the toolbar or select the Upload item from the Sketch
menu. Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the upload. With older
boards (pre-Diecimila) that lack auto-reset, you'll need to press the reset button on the
board just before starting the upload. On most boards, you'll see the RX and TX LEDs
blink as the sketch is uploaded. The Arduino Software (IDE) will display a message
when the upload is complete, or show an error.

When you upload a sketch, you're using the Arduino bootloader, a small program that has
been loaded on to the microcontroller on your board. It allows you to upload code
without using any additional hardware. The bootloader is active for a few seconds when
the board resets; then it starts whichever sketch was most recently uploaded to the
microcontroller. The bootloader will blink the on-board (pin 13) LED when it starts (i.e.
when the board resets).

3.1.2 LIBRARIES

Libraries provide extra functionality for use in sketches, e.g. working with hardware or
manipulating data. To use a library in a sketch, select it from the Sketch > Import Library
menu. This will insert one or more #include statements at the top of the sketch and
compile the library with your sketch. Because libraries are uploaded to the board with

31
your sketch, they increase the amount of space it takes up. If a sketch no longer needs a
library, simply delete its #include statements from the top of your code.

There is a list of libraries in the reference. Some libraries are included with the Arduino
software. Others can be downloaded from a variety of sources or through the Library
Manager. Starting with version 1.0.5 of the IDE, you do can import a library from a zip
file and use it in an open sketch. See these instructions for installing a third-party library.

3.1.3 THIRD PARTY HARDWARE

Support for third-party hardware can be added to the hardware directory of your
sketchbook directory. Platforms installed there may include board definitions (which
appear in the board menu), core libraries, bootloaders, and programmer definitions. To
install, create the hardware directory, then unzip the third-party platform into its own sub-
directory. (Don't use "arduino" as the sub-directory name or you'll override the built-in
Arduino platform.) To uninstall, simply delete its directory.

3.1.4 SERIAL MONITOR

This displays serial sent from the Arduino or Genuino board over USB or serial
connector. To send data to the board, enter text and click on the "send" button or press
enter. Choose the baud rate from the drop-down menu that matches the rate passed to
Serial begin in your sketch. Note that on Windows, Mac or Linux the board will reset (it
will rerun your sketch) when you connect with the serial monitor. Please note that the
Serial Monitor does not process control characters; if your sketch needs a complete
management of the serial communication with control characters, you can use an external
terminal program and connect it to the COM port assigned to your Arduino board.

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 CHAPTER 4

THE PROPOSED MODEL

4.1 BACKGROUND

One of the many services that banking systems provide to its customers is the provision
of secure lockers where they can store their valuables for safe-keeping. The bank offers
lockers of various sizes which are ordinarily leased for a period of one year. Current
locker system in all banks uses traditional locks, which are heavy and manually operated.
Lockers are operated with the help of keys which can be duplicated by professionals.
There are always 2 keys for the locker, one key is with Bank and the other with the locker
holder. The locker can only be opened when both the keys are used at the same time.
Generally bank official applies the key and then leaves the locker room and only after
he/she leaves, you should open the locker door and do what you wanted to do.

The current system of locker security has many drawbacks:

 Although the lockers are very heavy and strong, they can always be broken in.
 Apart from the manual checking of documents by the locker in-charge, the current
facilities do not have any further security.
 Keys can be lost or stolen.
 Keys can also be duplicated.

4.2 OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this project is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional manual
locker system by designing and implementing a highly secure and reliable smart bank
locker security system based on GSM technology. This system will make use of digital
locks which will further use the concept of OTP system for operation. This will ensure a
2-tier level of security to the bank lockers, which is much higher than the existing system.

33
This can be organized in bank, offices (treasury), schools and homes. In this system only
the authentic person can open the lock and collect the important documents, jewellery or
money from the lockers.

4.3 COMPONENTS USED

To create a prototype of the proposed smart lockers model, the following components
have been put to use:

 Arduino UNO (Hardware + Software)

 SIM900A GSM Module
 L293D Motor Driver IC
 7805 Voltage Regulator IC
 IC2 LCD
 4*3 Keypad
 DC Motor
 4007 Diode
 Resistors – 2.2 ohm and 3.3 ohm
 Buzzer
 Transistor – NPN and PNP
 Capacitors
 Male-Female Wires
 Connecting Wires
 General PCB

34
4.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram of Prototype

35
4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.2 Circuit Diagram of Prototype

36
4.6 PROTOTYPE

Fig 4.3 Project Prototype

37
4.7 PROCESS OF FUNCTION

Once the system is powered using a 12V adapter connected to the power supply of
Arduino UNO, the LCD flashes the message “Bank Locker Initialising GSM” which is
followed by “Bank Locker”.

Fig 4.4 LCD display 1

Fig 4.5 LCD display 2

We use a 5V power supply in this project, therefore, a common power supply is created
using a 7805 Voltage Regulator IC which turns down the 12V as received by the Arduino
Uno into 5V DC.

38
Now on pressing ‘Enter’ in the keypad, the LCD displays “Enter Password”.

Fig 4.6 LCD display 3

This is the prompt to enter the fixed password which here is called the password given to
locker holder.

Once the password is entered, it is verified by the microcontroller (in the Arduino) and if
the entered password matches the one stored in system, the microcontroller generates a
random 4 digit OTP which is transmitted through the GSM to the registered mobile
number of the locker holder, here the mobile number stored in the system.

During this, the LCD flashes “Sending Message” and “Message Sent” successively.

Fig 4.7 LCD display 4

39
Once the received OTP is entered into the system again using the keypad, it is verified by
the microcontroller and if correct, it sends the signal to unlock the locker door and open
it. Here, it is achieved using the L293D Motor Driver IC which is connected with the
Arduino Uno as well as a DC Motor.

Fig 4.8 LCD display 5

Fig 4.9 LCD display 6

Once the IC is signalled to open the locker door, it runs the DC motor in one direction
(say clockwise) and then in the other direction (say anticlockwise) to again shut down the
locker door.

40
At any point in the process, if the entered password doesn’t match with that in the system,
the LCD will display “Wrong Password”, the microcontroller will signal the buzzer to
set off and the system will reset.

Fig 4.10 LCD display 7

Fig 4.11 LCD display 8

4.8 CONCLUSION

With the development of this project, the current manual system can be evolved into a
digital one which will therefore offer more layers of security and safety and also make
the experience more personal and interactive.

41
4.9 REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS

This system can be evolved to use in the following sectors:

 Finance:
All banks for lockers: This system can digitize the current banking sector of
locker keeping as well as ledger keeping
 Residence:
House security systems: Homes will be unlocked using mobiles which will spare
the hassle of key keeping and duplication
 Education:
School/college treasuries: This will ensure that only certain members of the
department can access the cash deposits
 Logistics:
Vehicle security systems: Luxury and other vehicles can also incorporate this
system for locking and unlocking of their vehicle.

4.10 FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS

This new era method of digital security system can be further advanced to ensure more
tiers of security and safeguard. Some of the technical advancements which can be made
are:

 Addition of a biometric fingerprint scanner

 Inclusion of a retina scanner
 Implementing a voice recognition system

All these inclusions will assure even more security to the digital locker system and make
it even more difficult to be broken off in terms of fraud, robbery or stealth and make the
system even more personalised and secure.

42
 BIBLOGRAPHY

1) RESEARCH PAPERS
 Ch.Sumalatha, A. P. (2016, April). Bank Locker Security System Using RFID
and GSM Technology. Retrieved from International Journal for Research in
Applied Science & Engineering: https://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=4711
 Hiloni S. Detroja, P. J. (2106, April). GSM Based Bank Locker Security System
using. Retrieved from IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in
Science & Technology: http://www.ijirst.org/articles/IJIRSTV2I11049.pdf
 Sagar S. Palsodkar*, Prof S.B. Patil , “Review: Biometric and GSM Security for
Lockers” Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications , Vol. 4, Issue
12( Part 6), December 2014.
 R.Ramani , S. Selvaraju , S.Valarmathy, P.Niranjan , “Bank Locker Security
System based on RFID and GSM Technology ’’, International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 57– No.18, November 2012
 P. Sugapriya#1, K. Amsavalli#2, “Smart Banking Security System Using
PatternAnalyzer”,International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering ,Vol.3, Special Issue 8, October 2015

2) WORLD WIDE WEB

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_IDE
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM
 https://lastminuteengineers.com/

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