EDJ32103:

ADVANCED
POWER ELECTRONICS
Chapter 5
AC-AC Converter
(AC Voltage Controller)
Introduction

AC voltage controller is a converter that controls the

voltage, current and average power delivered to an
ac load from an ac source.
Electronic switch connect and disconnect the source
and the load at regular interval, in effect removing
some of the source waveform before it reaches the
load.
Some applications:
-Light-dimmer circuits
-Speed control of induction motors
R-Load

Two SCRs in antiparallel connection

A triac is equivalent to the antiparallel SCRs
S1 carry current in forward direction
S2 carry current in reverse direction
R-Load

SCRs can not conduct

simultaneously.
The load voltage is the same as
the source voltage when either
SCR is on.
Switch voltage is zero when SCR
is on, and is equal to source
voltage when SCR is off.
Average current in the source and
load is zero.
Average current in each SCR is
not zero.
Rms current in each SCR is
times the rms load current
R-Load

❑S1 conducts if a gate signal is applied d

uring the positive half-cycle of the source
❑S1 conducts until the current in it
reaches zero
❑A gate signal is applied to S2 during the
negative half-cycle of the source, providi
ng a path for negative load current
❑Negative half-cycle is identical to that
for the positive half, except for algebraic
sign for the voltage and current
R-Load

Source voltage: vs (t) = Vm sin(t)

Output voltage:
Vmsin(t) for   t   and  +   t   + 
vo (t) = 
0 otherwise

RMS load voltage:

1 Vm  sin (2 )
 m sin (t )
 d (t ) =
2
Vo, rms = V
 1− +
 2  2
R-Load
R-Load

Vo,rms
RMS load current = RMS source current: I o,rms
=
R
 sin(2)
Power factor of the load: pf = 1− +
 2

Vm
Average SCR current: ISCR,avg = (1+ cos)
2R

Io,rms
RMS SCR current: I SCR ,rms
=
2
R-Load
9

In,m In,rms Vn,m Vn,rms

Cn = or or or
Is,m Is,rms Vs,m Vs,rms

where,
Vn,m = In,m R;
Vn,rms = In,rms R;
Vs,m = Is,m R;
Vs,rms = Is,rms R;
R-Load
11
12
RL-Load
RL-Load

Output current:
 Vm  
 Z   sin (t −  ) − sin ( −  )e (−t )/ 

for   t  
 
i o (t) = 

0otherwise

L 
where Z = R 2 + (L )2 , and  = tan −1  
 R 
RL-Load

 =−

min =  − 
−
RL-Load


1 2
RMS output current: Io, rms =
 
i o (t)d(t)


Output power absorb by load: P = I2 o,rms R

Io,rms
RMS SCR current: ISCR ,rms =
2


1
Average SCR current: ISCR ,avg =
2 
i o (t)d(t)

RL-Load
 18

Q&A