Hecham Mouissa Matter and Change

I. Chemistry a. The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter. b. Chemical any substance that has a definite composition. i. Organic Chem. organic compounds ii. Inorganic Chem. non-organic substances iii. Physical Chem. properties of matter and energy iv. Analytical Chem. identification of components and composition v. Biochemistry processes of living things vi. Theoretical Chem. using math and computers for prediction c. Research i. Basic to satisfy curiosity and increase knowledge. ii. Applied to solve a problem. iii. Technological Application of knowledge. II. Matter a. Anything that takes up space and has mass. b. Doesnt have to be visible. c. Atom the smallest unit of an element that maintains the characteristics of the element. d. Element a pure substance that cannot be broken down and is made of one type of atom. e. Compound a substance that can be broken down made from two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. III. Properties a. Physical Property- be observed or measured without, a description. i. States of Matter 1. Solid - fixed shape and volume, tightly packed, vibrate. 2. Liquid - fixed volume, fixed space, takes shape of container, flows rapidly, particles can move past one another. 3. Gas - takes shape and volume of container, flows very rapidly, spaced far apart, no attractive forces, takes shape of container. b. Chemical Property describes behaviors and reactions that matter undergoes as it changes composition. IV. Changes

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Physical Change - change a substance without changing what its made of Chemical Change = Chemical Reaction -one or more substances changes into one or more new substances with different compositions. i. Chemical Change Indicators: ii. Reactants - at the start of reaction, they react and change iii. Products - substances that are created at the end of the reaction. Laws of Conservation of a. Energy neither created nor destroyed, just changes forms b. Matter - neither created nor destroyed. Pure Substances: Elements and Chemical Compounds a. Same throughout. b. Homogeneous. Mixtures a blend of two or more substances which retain their own characteristics and can be separated by physically. a. Heterogeneous Mixture - each sample of the mixture will be different. b. Homogeneous Mixture - each sample of the mixture is exactly the same. i. Also called a solution ii. Can be a gas, liquid, or solid Elements - the simplest form of matter cannot be broken down any further. Pure substances. a. Create all matter in the universe. b. Known elements on the Periodic Table. c. Compound - combination of two or more atoms that can be separated chemically
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Periodic Table organization of known elements. The elements are arranged according to similarities in properties.