École Supérieure de Gestion et d’Administration des Entreprises

Agrément définitif par Arrêté n°4677/MES/CAB du 05 juillet 2017

Accréditée par le Conseil Africain et malgache pour l’Enseignement Supérieur

Département LICENCE

ANGLAIS
DES AFFAIRES

Parcours
Gestion Financière - 2e Année

Enseignants
Will BIYEKELE
Alain Freid MBAMA
Félicité BANSIMBA MUANGA Avenue de la Cité des 17 (+242) 05 739 26 89 www.esgae.org

Moukondo - Moungali (+242) 06 691 96 79

esgae@esgae.org
BP : 2339
Brazzaville - République du Congo
 Schedule of lecture

CHAPTER I: ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION

Section1: Accounting
Section 2: Cost accounting
Section 3: Taxation

CHAPTER II: FINANCE

Section 1: Types of financial institutions
Section 2: Types of investments
Section 3: Types of financing

CHAPTER THREE: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Section 1: Business correspondence
Section 2: Meetings
Section 3: On the phone
CHAPTER I:
ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION
 CHAPTER I: ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION

This chapter will focus on the following aspects:

• Accounting and accounting principles ;
• Cost accounting ;
• Taxation and basic principles of taxes.
Section 1: What is accounting?
The Longman Advanced American Dictionary defines accounting as “the
profession or work of:
• keeping or checking financial accounts;
• preparing financial reports;
• calculating taxes, etc “. … /…
 Why is accounting important?

Accounting is required for :

• Making decisions of financial nature;

• Tracking and keeping control of the movement of money;

• Working out how best to accumulate more wealth;

• Providing information to the government agencies.

 Section 2: What is cost accounting?

Cost accounting is the process of collecting, analyzing, summarizing and

evaluation various alternative courses of actions.
Its goal is to advise the management on the most appropriate course of
action, based on 2 things:
• cost efficiency;
• capability.
Cost accounting provides the detailed cost information that management
needs to control current operations and plans for the future.
 Section 3: What is taxation?

Taxation refers to the policy which consists of applying taxes on different

enterprises (public, parastatal and private) and on individuals to help the
country plan and implement projects of national and /or international
interest.
Taxes help the government of each country to do a number of things such
as:
• paying salaries of workers;
• paying students’ scholarships;
• paying pensions of retired people;
• building schools, roads, hospitals, etc.
 What are the 2 types of tax?

There are two types of taxes:

• Direct taxes: collected to by the government from incomes of individuals and
businesses;

• Indirect taxes: levied on the production or sales of goods and/or services.

In most countries, companies pay value added tax which is levied at each stage
of production
 KEY VOCABULARY

• Accounts : les comptes

• Account holder: détenteur /détentrice d’un compte
• Savings account : compte épargne ≠ Checking account : compte courant
≠ Corporate (bank) account: compte de société
• To provide: SNDE provides running water in the Republic of Congo
• Provider: fournisseur (insurance service provider, internet access
provider, etc)
• To save : épargner Depositor ≠ Lender ≠ Borrower
• To keep- (I) kept_ i have kept = garder
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

A bookkeeper = (un/e) comptable, celui qui tient les comptes ou les

livres comptables, responsable des opérations
comptables.
• An accountant = un comptable
• Accounting / Accountancy = la comptabilité
• Certified Public Accountant (USA) expert comptable
• Chartered accountant (UK) = expert comptable
• To calculate: to add (+)
to divide (÷)
to multiply (×)
to subtract (-). …/…
 Key vocabulay (C’d)

• Cost: a cost (noun): un coût

• To cost (verb) coûter
Eg.: What is the cost for this operation?
How much is this computer?
How much are these computers?
How much does this computer cost?
How much do these computers cost?
• Cost accounting: Comptabilité analytique
• To analyze (verb);
• Analysis (singular noun) ; analyses (plural noun)
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• To advise (verb)
• Advisor (noun)
• Advice (noun)
• An advice ; an information and furniture
• 2 pieces of advice, information, furniture.
• To manage (verb) – Manager – Management
• The management (la direction) ≠ the Head Office(place)
• Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director ≠ General
• Manager/Director ≠ Deputy Director
 Key vocabulary, C’d
• Top management
Eg: (1)- The CEO (chief executive officer), the deputy director, the CFO
(chief financial officer), the CTO (chief technical officer), the
CMO (chief marketing officer), the HRD/HRO (Human
Resources Director/Officer)…are part of the company’s top
management.
• Eg: (2)- The head office of SNE is located downtown (centre-ville)
Brazzaville, across (en face de…) SNPC.
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• To implement : mettre en œuvre ; Implementation : la mise en œuvre

• Income : revenu
• Income generating activities : Activités génératrices de revenus
• To earn (regular verb) ≠ to win (irregular verb/ to win-won-won): gagner
Eg (1): V-Club and Cara played a match yesterday and the
score was 3 for V club, and 1 for Cara. So, V-Club
won the match.
Eg (2): I have a job, so I earn my money every month
• A wage earner: un(e) salarié (e)
• To levy: prélever/ imposer (taxe) IRS: Internal Revenue Service
• Wealth: la richesse
• To be wealthy (être riche) ≠ to be healthy (être en bonne santé)
CHAPTER II : FINANCE
 CHAPTER II: FINANCE
This chapter lays an emphasis on the following aspects:

• Types of financial institutions and services they offer to customers;

• Types of investments ;
• Types of financing.

Finance is a branch of economics concerned with:

• Resources allocation ; (allocation, affectation)

• Resources management ;
• Acquisition ;
• Investment.
 Section 1 : types of Financial institutions

A financial institution can be defined as an organization that processes

financial transactions such as:
• loans,
• Deposits; and
• investments.
In a financial institution, you can deposit and/or withdraw money, apply
for loans, or exchange currencies. …/…
 Types of Financial institutions (C’d)

1.1- Commercial banks

A commercial bank accepts deposits and provides security to its customers.

Commercial banks also generate loans that individuals and businesses

utilize to purchase goods, or even expand business operations.

A commercial bank is also a type of financial institution that often performs

roles as a payment agent within a country and between nations.
 Types of Financial institutions (C’d)

1.2. investment banks

An investment bank is an institution that acts as financial arbitrator that
performs a wide array of services for governments and businesses.
1.3- insurance companies
An insurance company pools risk(s) by gathering premiums from a large
number of people who wish to protect themselves or their beloved ones
from particular losses.
1.4- brokerage firms
Brokerages act as arbitrators between buyers and sellers. They mainly assist
in securities transactions. A brokerage company is compensated via
commissions successful completion of transactions.
 Basic vocabulary

To allocate : allouer, attribuer (marché, fonds, permis d’exploitation)

To invest -----------an investor -------------- an investment.
To process = to deal with (Traiter un dossier de prêt, par exemple)
Loan = prêt / emprunt
(to lend - I lent, I have lent) ≠ To borrow, I borrowed, I have borrowed
A lender ≠ a borrower
To deposit - (I) deposited – (I have) deposited (regular verb) ≠ A deposit
(noun/ un dépôt d’argent en banque) ≠ A deposit (une caution locative, de
loyer)
A depositor: un déposant; un épargnant
To withdraw - (verb) (I) withdrew - I have withdrawn: retirer
A withdrawal (noun) = un retrait.
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• A deposit slip (bulletin, formulaire de dépôt) ≠ a withdrawal slip (de retrait)

• A pay slip : un bulletin de paye/paie
• To apply for: a visa; a passport; a driving license; a job… (postuler, faire
une demande, faire acte de candidature)
• Currencies: cfa/XAF franc, dollar, yen, euro, huan etc. are currencies.
• A currency (singular)
• Service providers : prestataires de services
• Service delivery/ies: prestation(s) des services
• Eg: MTN and AIRTEL are also internet access providers
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• Customers (BE) = clients (AE)

• An individual (noun) = a person
• A business = an entity, a company, a corporation, a firm

• Profit-oriented / non-profit oriented

Example: Brasco is a profit-oriented organization because it seeks profit . But
« Congo Assistance » is a non-profit oriented organization because it
does not seek profit.

• To buy (I bought - I have bought)

• To sell (I sold – I have sold) ------ A seller ------- Sales
• To purchase (AE), (i) purchased, i have purchased ------ a purchaser
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• To expand (développer, accroître…): to make (a company / a business) become big

: to develop, to grow up, to widen

• Payment agent: agent payeur

• Within; inside ≠ outside, out ≠ between, etc.
• Financial arbitrator
• To pool the risk: (se) partager les risques
• Securities = shares /Stocks actions --------- Stockholder/Shareholders: actionnaires
• Bonds: obligations

• A loss, losses (Une perte; des pertes)

• To lose - I lost - I have lost
• A loser (Un perdant)
 Key vocabulary (C’d)

• To broker (commissionaire): to play the role of intermediary

between X and Y
• Brokerage : courtage, commission
• A trader : un courtier (en bourse, en assurance, etc)
• Successful completion of transaction: transaction (commerciale,
financière, etc.) réussie
 Section 2: Types of investments

Investment is the act of committing or engaging money or capital to an

endeavor, with the expectation of obtaining additional income or profit.

Investing means that you put your money to work for you. Quite simply,
making your money work for you maximizes your earning through stocks,
bonds, real estate, starting your own business, etc.
 Section3: Types of financing

Financing means that you ask any financial institution (bank, credit
union, finance company) or another person to lend you money that you
promise to pay back / repay at some point in the future.

There are three (03) types of financing that people use every day:

3.1- Personal loan

A person is borrowing a sum of money from a financial institution for
personal use. Individuals may use the money for almost anything.
Some examples are a vacation, a car, home improvements or bill
consolidation.
 3.2- Mortgage financing
A bank or mortgage lender will loan a large amount of money to a
customer, typically 80% of the price of a home, and the customer must pay it
back with interest. If the lender can take the home through a legal process
known as foreclosure.
3.3- Revolving or credit card financing
The issuer of the card, or the bank, creates a revolving account and grants a
line of credit to the user, or customer. The customer can borrow money
from the credit card for payment to merchants or receive cash advance.
 Basic vocabulary and grammar focus

• To lend ≠ To borrow ----------- A borrower ≠ A lender

• To pay back: rembourser / payer une dette

There + to be:
• Present: There is a pen on the table
There are pens on the table
• Past: There was a marker on the bed
There were markers on the bed
• Future: There will be a telephone in the room
There won’t be any telephones in the room
 Key vocabulary (Cd)

• Vacation (AE)= Holiday (BE)

• Home improvements : réfections de la maison
• Mortgage : hypothèque
• Mortgage loan : un emprunt hypothécaire
• Legal process : procédure judiciaire / juridique
• Real estate : l’immobilier / la propriété / immeuble, patrimoine immobilier etc.
• Foreclosure : une saisie des biens (justice)
• To issue : émettre (billet de banque, d’avion, chèque, etc.)
• An issuer : un émetteur
• To grant a line of credit : octroyer une ligne de credit
• Revolving account : compte rotatif
• Cash advance : avance (en liquide / argent).
CHAPTER III:
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
 CHAPTER III: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

This chapter outlines the following aspects:

• Business correspondence ;
• Organizing and managing meetings ;
• Using the telephone for office purpose.

Section I: Business correspondence

Business correspondence refers to the process of sending and receiving
letters; letters exchanged between people, institutions or organizations,
especially official or business letters.
 Types of business letters

They are a number of types of business letters in English.

a).Do you need to request more information about a product? write an

inquiry letter;
b).Do you need to supply information that was requested about a
product? Write a reply to an inquiry letter;

c). Do you need to detail the terms of an account for a customer?

write an account terms and conditions letter.
 Types of business letter (C’d)

d) Do you want to buy a product or order a service? write a letter to place

an order.

e) Do you need to refund (rembourser) some money, or respond to a

comptaint (se plaindre, faire des revendications)? adjust a claim to make
sure you keep your business in the future.

f) Do you want to apply (postuler) for a job? write a letter of application

and/or a covering letter (lettre de motivation).

g) Do you want to complain about a product or service that doesn’t work?

write a letter of complaint, or make a claim.
 Section 2: Meetings

A meeting refers to an organized event at which people - or organization,

company, institution, board of directors - gather to talk and decide things
on specific matters.
Workplace meetings are an important element of business management.
Meetings enable you and your employees to:
• communicate and share information;
• solve problems or resolve disputes;
• improve performance;
• build teamwork; and
• move projects forward.
 Meetings (C’d)

Workplace meetings can be formal or informal, and the number of

participants can range from two to several hundred, depending on the size
of your company.

If your company has a policy of collaboration, the following may

participate in workplace meetings:
• your suppliers,
• Your customers; and
• your business partners.
 Types of meetings in the workplace

2.1.1. Project meetings - bringing together people from different departments to

work for a specific task;
2.1.2. Staff meetings - enabling to keep employees informed on issues that
affect their work;
2.1.3. Sales conference - bringing your sales team together with other
members of the company who affect their success, such as marketing
staff, product specialists and senior managers;

2.1.4. Emergency meetings - communicating openly (about a situation or

problem prevailing in the company in the meeting) to reduce feelings
of uncertainty in the workforce and avoid the risk of rumors spreading.

2.1.5. Collaborative meetings - bringing external groups into meetings with your
employees, to help strengthen business relationships and gives your
employees a greater sense of customer focus.
 Section 3: On the phone

Telephoning in English includes learning a number of special phrases, as

well as focusing on listening skills. Some of the most important phrases
include how to answer the phone, how to ask for others, how to connect,
and how to take messages.

3.1. Role Playing

Begin by learning important telephone English with the application below.
Here is a short telephone conversation with some of the key phrases:
 Applied exercise

Match elements in LIST “A” with their corresponding meaning in LIST “B”
LIST “A”
1. How may I be of any help? 13. God bless you
2. Calling 14. Delayed
3. Out of the office 15. Looks like
4. Take a message 16. Staff meeting
5. Urgent 17. Lasts
6. Delivery 18. Rather
7. Mentioned 19. Schedule
8. Resolved 20. Still
9. As quick as possible 21. Send along
10. Shipment 22. How about
11. Assured 23. Else
12. Pleased 24. A polite reply to a thank you
 List B

a) the bringing of goods to a client

b) another added person or thing
c) certainty that something is true or will happen
d) a meeting of employees
e) This is a formal phrase used to show politeness and offer one’s service
f) future appointments
g) not in the office
h) in the fastest manner, ASAP
i) to write down a message from the caller
j) not be able to do something on time
k) said
l )My pleasure
m) a form of emphasis to show that something has not been done up to the moment in time
List B (C’d)

n) a polite reply to a person who sneezes

o) telephoning
p) happy
q) phrase for making suggestions
r) delivery, the bringing of goods to a client
s) taken care of
t)deliver
u) very, quite
v) very important
w) to take time
x) seem
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!