INDEX

SR.N TITLE PAGE NO

O
01 Acknowledgement 02

02 Abstract 03
03 Introduction 04
04 Entity 05

05 Attributes 06

06 Relationship 07
07 E – R diagram 08

08 Conclusion 09

09 Reference 10
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
"Mr. S .G.Ahirrav" for their able guidance and support in completing
my Project.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to the Principal sir "Nitin

Bagul " for providing me with all the facility that was required.
 ABSTRACT
Using the ER model for bigger data creates a lot of complexity while
designing a database model, So in order to minimize the complexity
Generalization, Specialization, and Aggregation were introduced in
the ER model and these were used for data abstraction

An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a

database with the help of a diagram, which is known as Entity
Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is a design or
blueprint of a database that can later be implemented as a database.

An entity-relationship diagram, or ER diagram, is essential for

modeling the data stored in a database. It is the basic design upon
which a database is built. ER diagrams specify what data we will
store: the entities and their attributes. They also show how entities
relate to other entities.
 INTRODUCTION
The Entity Relational Model is a model for identifying entities to be
represented in the database and representation of how those
entities are related. The ER data model specifies enterprise schema
that represents the overall logical structure of a database graphically.

The Entity Relationship Diagram explains the relationship among the

entities present in the database. ER models are used to model real-
world objects like a person, a car, or a company and the relation
between these real-world objects. In short, the ER Diagram is the
structural format of the database.

Why Use ER Diagrams In DBMS?

 ER diagrams are used to represent the E-R model in a database,

which makes them easy to be converted into relations (tables).
 ER diagrams provide the purpose of real-world modeling of
objects which makes them intently useful.
 ER diagrams require no technical knowledge and no hardware
support.
 Entity
An Entity may be an object with a physical existence – a particular
person, car, house, or employee – or it may be an object with a
conceptual existence – a company, a job, or a university course.

Entity Set: An Entity is an object of Entity Type and a set of all

entities is called an entity set. For Example, E1 is an entity having
Entity Type Student and the set of all students is called Entity Set. In
ER diagram, Entity Type is represented as:
Attributes
Attributes are the properties that define the entity type. For
example, Roll_No, Name, DOB, Age, Address, and Mobile_No are the
attributes that define entity type Student. In ER diagram, the
attribute is represented by an oval.

 Key Attribute

The attribute which uniquely identifies each entity in the entity set
is called the key attribute. For example, Roll_No will be unique for
each student. In ER diagram, the key attribute is represented by
an oval with underlying lines.

 Composite Attribute

An attribute composed of many other attributes is called a

composite attribute. For example, the Address attribute of the
student Entity type consists of Street, City, State, and Country. In
ER diagram, the composite attribute is represented by an oval
comprising of ovals.

 Multivalued Attribute

An attribute consisting of more than one value for a given entity.

For example, Phone_No (can be more than one for a given
 student). In ER diagram, a multivalued attribute is represented by
a double oval.

 Derived Attribute

An attribute that can be derived from other attributes of the

entity type is known as a derived attribute. e.g. Age (can be
derived from DOB). In ER diagram, the derived attribute is
represented by a dashed oval.

Relationship
A Relationship Type represents the association between entity
types. For example, ‘Enrolled in’ is a relationship type that exists
between entity type Student and Course. In ER diagram, the
relationship type is represented by a diamond and connecting the
entities with lines.

A set of relationships of the same type is known as a relationship set.

The following relationship set depicts S1 as enrolled in C2, S2 as
enrolled in C1, and S3 as registered in C3.
E.R Diagram
 Conclusion
Thus, the ER model in DBMS is a foundational concept. Its graphical
representation facilitates the clear and concise depiction of data
entities, attributes, and the relationships between them.

By the use of er diagram, we can easily visualize our database with

each of the tables define and their relation among different tables. It
also identified the weak, string, derived attribute for us just by
looking at the diagram. Easy to use, handle and maintainable by the
developers as well.

Also known as ERDs or ER Models, they use a defined set of symbols

such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to depict
the interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes.
They mirror grammatical structure, with entities as nouns and
relationships as verbs.
 Reference

https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/sql-tutorial/er-diagram-in-dbms

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-er-model/