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    P&W Wasp R-1340 Engine

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    P&W Wasp R-1340 Engine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    31 views56 pages

    Wasp H

    Uploaded by

    Willi Wonka
    P&W Wasp R-1340 Engine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 56
    QDEPES ERA WADERS HANDBOOK Wasp and Hornet Wasp Junier more Revised Janvary 13, 1936 Copyrighted January 1936 Book 1 PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT ision of UNITED AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING CORPORATION * EASTHARTFORD . «CONNECTICUT | PRINTED INU Ba PRATE AND WIWTNEY OPERATOR HANDBOOK Pratt and Whitney Engine Pull Front View Wasp D-1 PRATER AND WHICNMY OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK ee INTRODUCTION ‘This Handbook is issued for the guidance of those who are operating engines manufactired by Pratt, & Whitney. Aireraft. All necessary information for operating, routine servicing and making minor adjustments sro given in this Handbook. These instruetions are the result of our ox- perience in the design, developinent, manitlncture and opera- tion of Wasp, Homet and Wasp Jr. Engines. Various other methods have been tried, but those suggested hercin have been proven the best and consequently we urge that » thoy be closely followed. ‘The details of Ensine Installation are covered in a separate Installation Handbook for airplane designers and manufacturers, and the complete subject of Overhaul is outlined in the Overhaul Manual. Overhaul information is available at all authorized parts and service stations. The Service Department of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, will furnish a list of authorized dealers and service stations or any required information upon request. Wasp, Hornet and Wasp Junior engines are the very latest type of single row aircraft power-plant and incor- porate many new and unusual features. It is the object of Pratt & Whitney Aireraft to build the best and most dependable engines. We desire close cooperation with the users of our product and suggestions for she improvement of the engine, its equipment or the servicing thereof are welcome and will be given careful consideration. By means of such cooperation in conjunction with the research and test, work of our Engineering Department, the engine will bold its position among the mest. sueeceetlnireraft engines alt. Itty the intention of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft to furnish nation-wide, dependable serviec. Service sistions are main- tained in every section of the country so that genuine Pratt & Whitney parts and dependable service are available. PRATT AND (WHIERNEY OPHILARORN HANDED Path & Whitney Aireraf) extends to all usert of our product an invitation to visit our plank at Wst Hariford, : oan, ‘Fhose of this group who are not citizens of the °°” United States should procure the necessary permission for such a visit (bra their Legation or Embassy in Weshington. ‘As with all mechanical appliances, there may be problems that arise in its operation or care and if such ariso, our Service Department will be glad +o cooperate in any way possible to climinate the difficulties encountered. "This book is divided into three major sections. . 1. Deseription of the engine. 2. Operation. 3, Maintenanee. ‘The table of contents on page 8 and list of illustrations on page 7 provide 2 ready means of finding any desired * subject. All correspondence with the company should be addressed . - to East Hartford, Conn. The plant is located in East , Hartford on Rentschler Field. PRATT AND WHITNEY OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK RETURNING PARTS Whenever possible, paris being returned for repairs, i mn, inspection or eredit, should be returned through an authorized dealer. In’ ease it is not. possible _ to send parts in through an authorized dealer, it is ne- cessary to first obtain the proper authority ‘from tho faetory for thei return, When requesting authority for return of parts or when returning parts to a dealer, all information must be given as to: 1. Reason for Return, 2, Magine Number. 3, ‘Type of engine from which parts aro taken. 4. Number of hours of servieo of the part and of the engine. If the parts are being rebirned direct to the factory, proper notification of shipment must be sont to the fuer tory so that it will arrive at least one day in advance of the reccipt of parts. When returning parts for repair only, it is unnocos- sary to obtain autaority for return nor is it essential to have them sent through a dealer. All factory repair _work is handled by the United Airports of Connecticut, Rentsehler Field, East Hartford, Conn., who are direct factory dealers. ’ 15 PRATT AND WHITNEY OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK PRT ND OE SSeS DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGINE ‘Tho unique features. of Wasp, Wasp Junior and Hornet engines are their solid master connecting rod ‘and two-piece crankshaft, the forged aluminum erank- case, enclosod valve gear, buill-in supercharger, and the grouping of all accessories at the rear. a i features combined with painstaking care in manu- facture make possible the dependability of. the Wasp, Wasp Junior and Hornet: engines and give a high per- formance for the airplane equipped with these engines. In this handbook the following definitions will be used: "Phe propeller end: of the engine will be called the front and the accessory end the rear. The direction of rotation of the crankshaft is ani i-clockwise when viewed from the propeller. The cylinders are numbered consecutively in the direction of rotation beginning with the top cylinder which is called No. 1. ‘The right and left sides of the engine will be referred to as viewed from the rear. Direct drive engines ace divided into five major + groups: front section, main crankease, cylinders, blower © Section, renr soction. Geared drive engines are divided into six major groups: reduction gear housing, tappet section, main crankedse, oylinders, blower section, rear Section, The main erankease, cylinders and front sec- tion (reduction gear housing and tappet. sections on Eeared engines) are generally referred to as the power Section while the blower and rear section are called the accessory section. The engine may be split between “the blower and main crankcase and work performed on either or both halves of the engine. Nose Section — Direct Drive Engines On direct drive engines the nose or front section of the crankcase is a hemispherical aluminum forging on “the Wasp, an aluminum casting on the Hornet, and a magnesium casting on the Wasp Junior. Is carries a deep groove ball bearing which transmits the thrust of the propeller from the crankshaft to the engine mount- ing vin the crankcase. The control valve and piping 16; ‘hese major ~ PRATT AND WIHITNI OPERATOWS — TANDOOK for the operation of the hydro-controllable propeller is housed in this section. ‘The crankease nose section serves to enclose the cam and operating mechanism and carries the yalye tappets, Studs are provided at the nose and where the front seetion joins the main erank- case for cowl mounting supports. Nose Section — Geared Drive Engines The reduction gear housing or nose section on geared drive engines houses the propeller reduction gear assombly and contains the eontrot valve and piping for the operation of the hydro-controllable propeller.’ Tt cartics a deep groove ball bearing which transmits the thrust of the propoller from the propeller shaft to the engine mounting via the erankease. ‘Tho valve tappets are carried in & separate tappet section mounted be- tween the reduction gear housing and the main erank- case. The reduction gear housing and tappet section together enclose the cam and operating mechanism. As with the direct drive’ engines, studs are provided at the nose and where the front section joins the main crankcase for cowl mounting supports. Reduction Gearing Reduction gearing used on Horneb engines is of the planetary type. Abell gear with internal tocth (she driving gear) is splined to the front end of the crank. shaft ond is given additional support by a roller bear- ing mounted in an anchor plate secured between the. nose section and the tappet section. A fixed gear is bolted to she front of the nose sretion. Six pinions on the 3:2 gearing mesh with the bell’ gear and. fixed" gear and are mounted in a eago whieh is splined to the propeller shaft. The pinions rotase on needle bearings mounted on cocentrie shafts. The driving load of the shafts is cqualized by links which are connected to levers secured to each shaft. The propeller shaft is supported at the forward end by a deep groove ball bearing carried in the nose section and at the rear end in bronze lined bearing loeated on the inside of crank shaft. . Ww VRATY AND OWINENIY OPRRATORT HANDHOOK Main Crankcase The main rankease in divided into two similar see tions in the plano of the cylinders and united by nine through bolts between the cylinders as well as by the cylinder flanges. With this type of construction the explosion forees are cyually distributed between the two main bearings, one of which is carried in cach section of the evse. The two halves of the main erank- ease arc machined togevher. Between the cylinder flanges and the main crankease a single strand of silk or cotton thread is used. The front half of the main crankease supports the eam reduction gear assembly. This is accomplished by a boss on the main case in which a bronze bushing is mounted. The cam reduction gear shaft, rotates in this bushing. Cylinders The cylinders are of a stecl and aluminum congtruc- tion. The cylinder barrels are machined from steel forgings and have integral cooling fins. The head is made irom an aluminum casting and has cooling fins cast integral The cylinder barrel is serewed and shrunk into tho aluminum head forming a permanent joint. The cylinder head may be rebarreled, but a new head cannot be fitted to a burrel which has been used. Each cylinder has one inlet and one exhaust valve, seating on bronze inserts which are shrank into the head casting. The proper cooling of the exhaust valve seat and stem is of great importance, especially in an air-cooled engine. The Wasp, Wasp Junior and Hornet engines have the valve gear housed in extensions cast on the cylinder head. “These parts form additional radiating surface, and the one on the exhaust side is provided with cooling fins. With shis type of construc- tion, valve grinding is eliminated between overhauls of the ongine. Cylinder Baffles Prescure type deflectors are now furnished as stand- ard equipment on all single row engines. With the current use of long chord ting cowls, pressure baffling forces a high velocity flow of cooling air thru and over the fining on the cylinders, the forward speed of the 138 PRATT AND WINITNEY OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK Asoossory Pumnp Drive ‘OM Tank Vent Conneetion: ‘Tachometer Drive (Aveitiney) 041 Cities Cannrerion, (tien mscuincom is not used) ll Pronure Retief Valve. Oil Outlet Connection Oi Prenmure Gago Connastion Ol Inlot Thermometer Connection: Typical Right Rear View of Engine er PRATT AND WIITNEY OPERATOR'S — HANDBOOK plane building up a. positive pressure in front of the engine cylinders and a negative prossure in the rear of the cylinders. Pressure baffles have the advantage of more efficient. cooling in flight and reduce appreci- * ably the length of time to warm up an engine. Valve Mechanism , All valve operating parts are enclosed. The rocker arms are supported by ball bearings in the rockers. ‘The tappets actuate the rocker arms through tubular push rods which have hardened s ball ends. These rods are enclosed by round removable oil tight eover tubes held in place by a nut and packing at the top and bottom. The upper packing fits into a gland screwed into the push rod seat in the cylinder head and the lower packing screws on to threads provided on the tappet guide. . To remove the cover tubes it is only necessary to unscrew the two packing nuts and, the’ push rod may then be removed by depressing the rocker arm. Each rocker housing has a removable cover held in place by a bail wire clamp. The push rod, push rod cover tube and rocker covers can readily be removed with the tools provided in the Engine Servier Tool Kit. Zork fittings are provided on cach rocker arm for lubri- cation to the rocker arm. ball bearing and through drilled passages in the roeker to the valve adjusting serew ball at one end and to the push rod ball socket at the other. Zerk fittings are also provided on both the inlet and exhaust rocker boxes for replenishing tho lubrication to. the valve and guide without the necessity of removing the valye rocker cover. Two eoncenitie valve springs ure used, secured to the valve stem by @ split cone and washer. To prevent possibility of valves being dropped into the eylinders while the split. canes are being installed or removed, a safety ring is installed on cach valve. Tolet and exhaust valve. springs are interchangeable and can be removed without taking out the rocker arms. After the push rod is taken out, the rocker arin can be tipped up far enough to allow the valve springs to pass. The valve clearance adjusting serew is in the end of the rocker arm over the valve. A half ball is used between the adjusting screw and valve stem to minimize friction at this point. 20 PRATT AND WHITNEY OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK PRATT ADE Timing Gear ‘The timing gear is housed in the nose section: The cam which actuates all the valves runs on a sleeve on the crankshaft. ‘The cam is driven at 14 crankshaft spoed in the opposite direction to the crankshaft roia- tion, by means of a train of spur and internal gears supported on the crankshaft ond on the main crank- case. - Crankshaft ‘The crankshaft is of a singic throw, two-piece type and is supported on three bearings. ‘There is one roller bearing on each side of the throw supported in the main erankease. On direet drive engines there is @ ball boar- ing in the front section which takes the propeller thrust fas well as the radial load. On geared drive ongines the ‘front end of the crankshaft is supported by a roller bearing mounted in a bearing support or anchor plate placed between the front main erankease section and the reduetion gear housing. ‘The weights of reciprocating and rotating parts con- necied to the erancshaft arz counterbalanced by weights which are riveted to the checks of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is balanced very carofully against a master balance weight. This insures a crankshaft thai will operate without vibration at all speeds and also provides interchangeability of eranikshafss between engines of similar type. Connecting Rods The master connecting rod is solid instead of having the conventional detachable big end cap. A bearing is inserted in the rod and bears directly on the erankpin. © Bight I section link rods are attached to the master rod by means of knuelle pins. Each rod is bronze bushed for the piston and knuckle pins. Oil is carried under pressure to the master rod bearing, and also to the knuckle pins. ‘The piston pin bushings are lubricated by oil thrown off by the master rod bearing. Oil Sump - The oil sump is located between cylinders No. 5. and No. 6. This sump is fastened on one end to the front aa “SR = ‘Tachomster Drive A) Standard]

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