‘ Q EO CO CEU Khe ® PHAN BOn BAM SAT CAU TRUC DE MINH HOA 2023 EO YW ACAU HOI PHAN BON Bam sat ciu trac dé minh hoa mén Héa hoc nim 2023 oe DINH HUONG TU DUY GIAI - D6 dinh dudng cua phan dam duge danh gia theo ti 1g phan trim vé khéi lugng cua nguyén 16 nito. DO dinh dudng cua phan dam bang: = Dé dinh duéng cua phan lan durge danh gia theo ti 1é phan tram kh voi lugng P cé trong thanh phan cia no. D6 dinh dudng cia phan trong P20s tuong img ing Trong dé: npros = =.np (trong thanh phan cua phan). - DG dinh during cia phan kali duge dénh gia theo tiIé phan trim khéi long K20 twong img V6i long K e6 trong thank phan cia nd. D6 dinh dung cia phan kali bing: Trong dé: nx20 = nx (trong thinh phan cia phan). @ CAU HOI MINH HOA Cau 1. (Dé minh hoa 2023) Mét loai phan NPK cé a6 dinh dudng durge ghi trén bao bi nhu 6 hinh bén, Bé cung cp 17,2 kg nite, 3,5 kg photpho va 8,3 kg kali cho mét thita rudng, ngudi ta sir dung déng thai x kg phn, NPK (6 trén), y kg dam uré (9 dinh dung 1a 46%) va z kg phan kali (46 dinh dudng 1a 60%). Tong gid tri (x + y +z) la A, 62,6. B. 77,2. C. 80,0. ‘D, 90,0. ‘Cfu 2. Vai Thiéu Luc Ngan (Bac Giang) la loai qua mang gid tri dinh dung va kinh_ 18 cao. Theo tinh toan cita mot nha vuén, ctr thu duge 100 kg qua vai thi cin cung cip khoang 1,84 kg nite, 0,62 kg photpho va 1,26 kg kali, dé bit lai cho edy phy hdi, sinh truémg va phat trién. Trong mét vu thu hoach, nha vudm 4% thu duge 10 tin qua vai va da ding hét x kg phan bon NPK (20-20-15) trdn véiy kg phin KCI (6 dinh duomg 60%) va z kg uré (46 dinh durong 46%) gid tri (x + y + z) gin nhat véi gid tri nao sau day? A. 1043.8, B. 968,2. €.952.5, D.8769. ‘Cfiu 3. Méi hecta dat trong khoai lang, ngudi néng dan cung cap 100 kg N, 80 kg P20s va 90 kg K2O. Loai phin ma ngudsi néng dan sir dung 1a phin hn hop NPK (16 ~ 16 —8) trdn voi phin KCI (49 dinh dudng 60%) va ure (46 dinh dudmg 46%). Téng khdi lugng phan bon da sit dung cho | hecta gan nhat véi gié tri nao sau day? A. 627 kg. B. 604 kg. C. 783 kg. D.579 kg. Céu 4. M6t loai dat tréng cin bén phan NPK cé him lugng dinh dung ghi trén bao bi Li 12.16.12. Néu str dung 1 tan NPK trén thi tng khdi lrgng 3 nguyén t6 N, P, K cung cdp cho dat gin nhat vi gid tri nao sau day? A, 406.2kg B. 257,8kg. C.379.6kg. ‘(Cu 5. Ngé 1a loai cay trong “phim an”, dé dam bao 46 dinh dudng trong dat, v6i mdi hecta dat tring ng6, ngudi ndng dan cin cung cip 150 kg N; 60 kg P20s va 110 kg K20. Loai phan ma ngudi ndng dan str dung la phan hén hop NPK (20~20— 15) tron v6i phan kali KCI (46 dinh dudng 60%) va ure (46 dinh duemg 46%). Tang khdi long phan bén da sir dung cho 1 hecta dat gin hit véi gia tri nio sau diy? A.810 kg. B. 783 kg. C.300 kg. D, 604 kg, Cfiu 6. Trén bao bi mét logi phan bn NPK cia cng ty phan bén Mat Trdi Méi 6 ghi d> dinh dudng 1 20— 20 — 15. Bé cung cp 125 kg nito, 20 kg photpho va 40 kg kali cho 10000 nv dat trong thi nguoi néng dan can tron dong thoi phan NPK (6 trén) vi dam uré (46 dinh dung 1a 46%) va phan kali (46 dinh duéng 1a 60%). Cho ring méi m? dit trng déu duge ‘bén voi Ivong phan nhu nhau. Vay, néu ngwdi néng dan sir dung 94,5 kg phan bén vita tron trén thi dign tich dat trdng durge bin phan ka A. 2500 mr. B. 1500 m* C1800 m*. D, 2200 me. Cfiu 7. Sau khi phan tich thé nhudg ving dat trong lac (dau phong) cua mot tinh X, chuyén gia ndng nghiép khuyén nghj ba con ndng dan cin bn bé sung 40 kg N, 45 ky P va 66 kg K cho 1 phin mi nguéi néng din sir dung 1a phn hdn hop NPK (13 ~ 13 ~ 13) trn véi phan kali KCI (49 dinh duimg 60%) vi mot loai supephotphat (46 dinh durdmg 17%). Theo khuyén nghj trén, ting khéi long phiin bon da sit cdyng cho 1 ha gin nhat véi gia tri mio sau day? AL 745 kg. B. 754 kg. C.574kg, D547 kg, 289,4kg. i ha. Loai‘Cfu 8. NPK 18 loai phin bén héa hoc durge sir dung rng rai trong néng nghigp. Dé tiét kigm chi phi, ngudi din ¢6 thé trdn cae loai phin don (chi chira m6t nguyén t6 dinh dudmg) véi nhau dé duge NPK. Dé thu dure 100 kg phan NPK c6 him lugng dinh duéng tuong img 1a 16-16-8, ngudi ta tn Lin x kg ure (46 dinh dudng i 46%), y super photphat kép (46 dinh dung 1. 40%), z kg phan kali dé (6 dinh duting 1a 60%) va mOt lugng chat nén (khong chira nguyén t6 dinh dudng). Tong gid tri (x + y +z) la A,92,17. B. 78,13. C.881 D. 83,16, ‘Cfu 9, Trén bao bi m6t logi phan bén NPK cia cdng ty phan bén néng nghiép Viét Au c6 ghi 46 dinh dudng la 20 — 20 — 15. Dé cung cp 135,780 kg nito, 15,500 kg photpho va 33,545 kg kali cho 10000 m? dat tréng thi nguéi néng dan can trén déng théi phan NPK (6 trén) véi dam uré (46 dinh dung 1a 46%) va phan kali (46 dinh dudng 1a 60%). Cho ring méi m? dat tréng déu dugc bon véi lugng phan nhu nhau. Vay, néu ngudi néng dan sir dung 83,7 kg phan bén via tr6n trén thi dign tich dat tring duge bén phan la A. 2000 m?, B. 5000 C. 2500 m? 1D, 4000 m Cau 10, Sau mia thu hoach, nguéi néng dan can phai bon phan cung cap dinh duéng cho dat ‘26m 60,08 kg nito, 23,13 kg photpho va 12,48 kg kali. Sau khi da bén cho minh vuring 188 kg loai phan bén trén bao bi cé ghi NPK (16-16-8) thi dé cung cp dinh dudng cho dit ngudi néng dan tiép tue bon thém cho dat tring ding thii x kg phan dam chtta 98,5% (NH2)CO (thanh phan cn lai 1a cdc tap chat khng chia nito) va y kg supephotphat kép chita 69,62% ‘Ca(H2PO,)2 (thanh phan cén lai la cdc tap chat khéng chia photpho). Gia tri ca (x + y) gin nhat véi gid tri nao sau day? A, 132. B. 105. C. 108. D. 119. Cfu 11, Céc chuyén gia néng nghiép 6 tinh Bén Tre sau khi phan tich céc dae diém thé nhueng 43 khuyén nghi ba con néng dan cin bén bé sung 80 kg N, 32 kg P va 153 kg K cho méi ha dat trong sau rigng. Loai phin ma ngudi néng dan str dung la phan hén hop NPK (16 ~ 16 ~ 32) tron véi phan kali KCI (49 dinh dudng 60%) va ure (d6 dinh dudng 46%). Theo khuyén nghj trén, téng khdi lwgng phan bén da sir dung cho 1 ha ‘gan nhat véi gid tri nao sau day? A. 536 kg. B. 645 kg. C.713 kg D.853 kg, ‘Cfu 12. M6t loai phan bén téng hgp trén bao bi ghi ti 1¢ NPK 1a 10-20-15. Céc con sé nay cchinh Li 49 dinh durdng ca dam, lin, kali trong img, Gia str mt nha may sin xuét logi phan bén nay bing cach trn ba loai hod chat Ca(NOs)2, KH2POs vi KNOs véi nhau. Trong phan bon dé KH2PO, chiém x% vé khéi long. Biét tap chat khong chita N, P, K. Gia tri ctia x la A. 55,50, B. 38,46. €.3,79, D. 38,31‘Cfu 13. Mét loai phin bén hdn hgp trén bao bi ghi ti1é 10 1a d6 dinh dung cia phan dam, lan, kaili tong img. Dé san xuat loai phan bén nay, nha may Z trdn ba loai hoa chat Ca(NOs)2, KH2POs, KNOs vai nhau. Trong phan bon do ti Ié khoi urgng cia Ca(NOs)2 fi a%; ctia KH2POs la b%. Gi stt cdc tap chat khong chita N, P, K. Gid tri cla (a + b) gan nhit ve 10 — 15. Cac con sé nay chinh B.593 C421. D.55,5 tao ra 1 tin hat ng6 thi luong dinh dudng cay ngo lay tir dat La: 22,3 kg Nz 3,72 kg P va 10,14 kg K. Luong phan hao hut dé tao ra 1 tn hat ng6 1a 33,9 kg N; 6.2 kg P va 14,04 kg K. Logi phan ma ngudi dan sir dung li phan NPK (20-20-15) trOn véi phan kali KCI (6 dinh durdmg 60%) va phan dam ure (NH2)2CO (46 dinh duémg 46%). Téng khéi luong phan bén héa hoe can ding la A. 102,8 kg. B. 90,3 kg. ©. 206.5 kg. D. 200 kg ‘Cfiu 15. Ngé la loai cay tang “phim dn”, dé dam bao dé dinh dudng trong dat, vi mdi hecta dat trong ng6, nguoi néng dan can cung cap 150 kg nito; 26 kg photpho va 91 kg kali. Loai phan ma nguai néng dan sir dung dé bon cho dat trong la phan hon hop NPK (20-20-15) tron. v6i phan kali (49 dinh durong 60%) va uré (46 dinh durdng 46%). Téng khéi long phn bon i sir dung cho 10 hecta dit tring gan nhit v6i gid tri nao sau day? A. 6030 kg. B. 7777 kg. C. 8060 kg D. 2950 kg. Cau 16, Dé dam bao nang suat laa vy hé thu tai ddng bing song Cuu Long, véi mdi hecta dat tring Ita, ngudi néng din can cung cdp 70 kg N; 35,5 kg POs va 30 kg K20. Loai phan ma ngudi néng dan sit dung 1a phan NPK (6 hinh bén) trén véi phan kali (46 dinh dutng 60%) va phan ure (49 dinh durong 46%). Téng khdi hong phan bén 2 sir dung cho mét heeta (1 hecta = 10.000 m2) dat trén gn nit voi gid tri nao sau diy”? A261 kg. B.217 kg. 258 kg D, 282 kg. Cu 17. Hat mac ca rat néi tiéng vi sy thom ngon cla nd. Dé edy trong phat trién t6¢ thi giai dogn bon thie edn bon phan thich hgp la NPK 4.12.7 (ki higu nay cho biét ti Ig khdi lugng N, P:Os va K20 trong phan). Cho 3 mau phan bén sau: (NH4):S«, Ca(H:PO.) va KCI, Phai trén ching theo ti lg khéi lugng nao dé c6 loai phan 4.12.7: ALL7:1,78:1. B.1:1,8:24. C1821: 17. D.15:2:2,15. ‘Cfiu 18. Mét loai phan bon NPK cé ti Ié dinh dudng ghi trén bao bi li 20-20-15. Mi hecta dat tréng hoa mau, ngudi néng dan can cung cp 150kg N, 60kg P20s va 110kg K20. Ngudi nOng dan sir dung dng thii phan bon NPK (20-20-15), phan kali (0 dinh dutmg 60%) va PuAN BO 1 20-20-15 1ure (46 dinh dutng 46%). Biét gié thanh mdi kg phin NPK, phan kali, phn ure Lan Iuot 1a 14,000 VND, 18,000 VND va 20,000 VND. Téng sé tién ma ngudsi néng dn cn mua phan cho mét hecta hoa mau li A, 10,063,043 VNB. B. 10,829,710 VNB. C. 5,380,000 VNB. D. 9,888,405 VND. ‘Cfu 19, M6t trang trai cn 100 kg phan bon NPK c6 d6 dinh dung la 10-6-10 dé bon ngay (tranh su bién d6i héa hoe ctia phan theo thei gian), tir su phéi tron 4 nguyén ligu: amoni sunfat (loai e6 46 dinh duvong 1a 21%), superphotphat (46 dinh durdng 1i 20%), kali clorua (46 dinh dudng 1a 60%) va min hitu co (chat phy gia). Khdi lugng chat phy gia cin ding la A. 6,22 ke. B. 6,02 kg. 5,95 kg, D.5,71 kg. ‘Cfu 20, 8 c6 100 kg phin bon hin hgp NPK 12 ~5 ~8 sir dung cho néng trai, mét ky su. néng nghiép 4a phéi tron cde mudi khan (NH4):SOs, Ca(H2PO,)>, KCI véi ti lé thich hop va x kg min hitu co (chat phy gia). Gid tri ca x gan nhdt véi AL 22,5. B. 19,3. ©.25. D, 16,67 Cu 21, Bon phan NPK la yéu cau bat bude khi trong cay ain trai. Trong giai doan ra hoa va nudi trai, cay cdn nhiéu dam dé gidp tai phat ign, déng thoi cin kali dé tang cudmg vin chuyén dinh durdng vé nudi trai, Vii mot loai cay an trai trong giai dogn nay, ngudi ta cin bén vao dat cho mai cay trung binh 14.40 gam N va 65 gam K20. M6t khu vuin c6 dign tich 0,5 ha (1 ha = 10000m!) va mat d6 tring 1a 1 cay/4m?, méi cay da duc bén 200 gam loai phan NPK 15-5-25. Dé cung cap dit ham lugng nito va kali cho cdc cay c6 trong 0,5 ha dat cua khu vuén thi phai can chuan bi thém m: kg loai phan dam c6 dé dinh dudmg 25% va ma kg phiin kali e6 46 dinh dugg 30%. Gi tri cia (om + m2) gin nit véi A112, B. 95. 83. D, 102. ‘Cfiu 22, Mét logi phan bon tng hgp trén bao bi ghi ti If NPK i 10-20-15, duge sin xudt bing cach trén ba loai héa chit Ca(NOs)s, KH2POs, KNOs va mét lugng chit dén khong chita N, P, K. Trong phan bon trén, Ca(NOs)2 chiém x% vé khéi lugng. Gia tri cua x la A.37,50, B. 38,31 ©.55,50. D. 58,87 ‘Cfu 23. Mét loai phan NPK c6 dé dinh durong durge ghi trén bao bi la 20:20:15. Bé cung cp 16,2 kg nito, 20,6 kg photpho va 10,3 kg kali cho mét thira rudng tréng khoai lang, ngudi ta sit dung déng thai x kg phn NPK (¢ trén), y kg phan photphat (46 dinh durdmg la 30%) va z kg phan kali (46 dinh dudng la 50%). Téng gid tri (x + y + z) gan nhat véi gid tri la A197. B.172. ©.219. D, 256.(Cfiu 24. Theo tinh toan cia mét nha vin, ctr thu durge 1 tan qua budi thi can cung cap khoang 7 kg nito, 5 kg photpho vi 2 kg kali, dé bit lai cho cay phue hoi, sinh truéng va phat trién. Trong mét vu thu hoach, nha von 43 thu duge 20 tn busi va da ding hét x kg phan bon NPK (16 — 16-8) trdn véi y kg phan photphat (a dinh dugng 25%) va z kg uré (6 dinh durdng 46%) 48 bi lai cho cay. Chon phat biéu ding: A. Loai phan bén da ding nhiéu nhat la phan photphat, B. Loai phan bén da ding it nhat 1a phan NPK. C. Ba diing hon 100 kg phan uré. D. Téng lugng phan bon da ding 1a lon hon 1000 kg. ‘Cfu 25, MGi hecta dit tring xoai, nguéi néng dan cung cip 150 kg N, 70 kg P20s va 120 kg K20. Loai phin ma nguéi néng dan sir dung ki phan hén hop NPK (20 ~ 20 ~ 15) trdn véi phan KCI (46 dinh duging 60%) va ure (46 dinh durémg 46%). Téng khéi long phan bén da sit dung cho 1 hecta gan nhat véi gia tri nio sau diy? A, 636 kg. B. 625 kg. C. 713 kg, D. 596 kg, ‘Cfu 26. Sau mGi miia vu tring lita thi dat tréng cin duge bon phan dé bé sung dinh dudng va tgo dit, Mot nha néng da sit dung phan bén NPK cé ham Iugng dinh dudng ghi trén bao bi la 2-15-2, phan uré (ham long dinh dudng 46%) va phan kali (him ong dinh duéng 60%). Néu sir dung 1 tan phn NPK, 1 tan phan uré va 200kg phan kali trén thi tng khéi lugng 3 nguyén t6 N, P, K cung cp cho dat gam mbit vi gia tri nao sau day? A. 607 kg, B. 563 kg. C.736 kg D. 664 kg, ‘Cfiu 27. Dé dim bao 46 dinh duéng trong dat, véi mai hecta dat tréng ca phé, ngwdi néng dan cn cung cap 100 kg N; 120 kg P20s va 150 kg K20. Loai phan ma ngudi néng, dan sir dung la phan hén hp NPK (20 ~ 20 ~ 15) trdn véi phan kali KCI (46 dinh duréng 60%) va phin photphat (46 dinh dung 20%). Téng khéi luong phan bén da sir dung cho | hecta dit tring ca phé 1a A810 kg, B. 780 kg. C.675 kg, D. 725 kg, ‘Cfu 28. Trén bao bi mét loai phan bén NPK c6 ghi 46 dinh duréng 1a 20 ~ 20 ~ 15. Dé cung clip 100 kg nito, 15 kg photpho va 30 kg kali cho 2000 m? dat trong dau tay thi ngwéi néng dan 6 Ba Lat cn tron déng thi phin NPK (6 trén) véri dam uré (49 dinh durdng 1a 46%) va phan kali (46 dinh dung 1 60%). Cho ring méi m? dat trong déu duge bon véi Iuong phan ©hur nhau. Vay, néu ngudi néng dan sir dung 300 kg phan bén vira tron trén thi dién tich dat tréng duc bén phan gin nhdt véi li A 2500 me. B. 1500 m? C. 1800 me D. 2200 m*. Céu 29, Mét chuyén gia néng nghiép khuyén nghj ba con néng dan tring nhan 6 Tién Giang edn bon bé sung, 80 kg N, 100 kg P va 120 kg K cho mdi ha. Tai day, cée ctia hang ban chu yéu loai phan NPK (13 — 13 ~ 13). Vi vay ngudi néng dan phai sir dung phan NPK nay va tron * thém v6i phan kali KCI (49 dinh dudng 60%) va mot loai supephotphat (46 dinh dung 17%). Theo khuyén nghj trén, tong khoi lugng phan bon da sir dung cho 1 ha gin nhat vi gid tri nao sau day? A, 1600 kg. B. 1650 kg. C. 1700 kg. D, 1550 kg. ‘Cfu 30, Mét néng dan tur trdn cdc logi phn don (chi chita mét nguyén té dinh dudng) véi haw dé thu duge NPK sir dung cho khu vuén nha minh, Bé thu direc 100 kg phn NPK ¢6 ham tong dinh dugng twong img 18 20-20-15, ngudi ta tron Hin x kg ure (46 dinh duromg 1a 46%), y super photphat kép (46 dinh dudng 18 40%), z kg phin kali d6 (a6 dinh dudmg ki 60%) va mt Iitong chat nén (khdng chia nguyén 18 dinh durdng). Tong wia tri (x + y+ 2) la A.97,16. B. 108,78. G1isas, D.87.61. ‘Cfu 31, Tir dic diém thé nhudng 6 Binh Thuan, cde chuyén gia khuyén cio ngudi dan trong thanh long can cung cap 60 kg N, 16 kg P va 92 kg K cho mdi ha dat trong, Loai phan ma ngudi néng ddan sir dung 1a phan hén hop NPK (16 ~ 16 ~ 8) trOn véi phan kali KCI (46 dinh durdng 60%) va ure (46 dinh durong 46%). Theo khuyén nghi trén, tng khdi long phan bon da sir dung cho 1 ha ‘gan nhat véi gid tri nao sau day? A434 kg. B. 356 kg. C496 kg, D. 512 kg Céu 32. Bé thu duge 1 tin khoai mi thi lugng dinh dudng cay mi lay tir dat 1a: 25 kg N; 4 kg P va 12 kg K. Gia sir chi e6 40% dinh dudng ma ngudi ta bén cho dat thi cdy hap thu duoc, phan cén lai bi ria trdi. Loai phan mi ngudi dan sit dung 1a phin NPK (20-20- 15) tn véi phin kali KCI (49 dinh durdng 60%) va phan dam ure (NH2)CO (46 dinh dudng 46%). Téng khéi hrgng phan bén héa hoe edn ding la A, 222,84 kg. B. 190,37 kg. 232.23 kg. D. 261,8 kg.Cu 33. Bé dm bio nang suit lia vu déng xudn tai ding bing sing Héng, véi méi hecta dat trong lua, nguoi néng dan can cung cap 80 kg N: 60 kg P:0s va 35 kg K2. Loai phin mi nguvi néng din sit dung la phn NPK (6 hinh ben) tron véi phan photphat (40 dinh dune I 4— 49,15 20%) va phin ure (46 dinh dudng 46%). Téng khéi long phan bon ae a str dung cho mt hecta (1 hecta = 10,000 m2) dat trén gan nhat voi gid tri ndo sau day? A.341,4 kg. B. 284,3 kg, ©3725 kg. D, 304,6 kg. ‘Cfu 34. Phan bén rat quan trong déi véi cay Bo vi Bo lay di tir dat rit nhiéu chat dinh duéng. Khi Bo con non (chwa ra qua) thi nhu ciu vé NPK 6 ty Ig I:1:1 va cy lén c6 qua thi ty 1é nay 1a 2:1:2. Gan day, céc nha nghién ciru 6 Mexico da tim ra mt edng thite li NPK 98:16 cho ning suit cao hon so v6i cée e6ng thite trude day. Tir 3 miu phn bén sau: (NH,)2SOs, Ca(H:PO4) va KCI, Phai trOn ching, theo ti Ié khdi lugng nao dé cé loai phan 9:8:16: A322 21: 1,92. B.1: 1,62: 2,42, C.1:2,15: 1,75. D. 1,53 :1 12,98. ‘Cfu 35, Tir 5,299 kg quang photphorit chia 78% Cas(PO,)2 cin Iai la tap chat tro ngudi ta tién hanh diéu ché axit photphoric véi higu suat ca qua trinh la 75%. Lay 0,5% axit thu duge hoa tan vao nude rdi trén véi 100 ml dung dich NaOH xM thu duge dung dich X. C6 can edn than dung dich X thu duge 17,2 gam chat rin, Gia tri gin ding ca x 1a A.2,8. B.3,2. c.24. D. 18. ‘Cfu 36. Dé tach lay lrgng phan bén Kali nguéi ta thudg tach KCI khéi quang sinvisit, thanh phan chinh cia quang la NaCl, KCl. Vi NaCl va KCI cé nhiéu tinh chat tuong ty nhau nén nguéi ta khéng diing phutong phap héa hoc dé tich ching. Thue té nguéti ta dya vio 46 tan khae nhau trong nude theo nhigt 46 48 tich hai chat nay. tia 56 | 35,7 Setakcl [28,5 | 320 | 347 | 428 | 48,3 | 483 | 538 | 566 | ~ Bude 1: Hoa tai mot luong quang sinvinit duge nghién nho vio 1000 gam nude & 100°C, lge bé phan khéng tan thu durge dung dich bao hoa. ~~ Buée 2: Lam lanh dung dich bao héa dén 0°C (Iugng nuéc khéng déi) thay tach ra m: gam chi a. © 10°C, khudy déu thi tach ra = Bude 3: Tiép tue cho m: gam chat rin nay vao 100 gam Hot m2 gam chat ran khéng tan. han dinh nao sau day ding:A. Gia m, = 281 gam. B. Trong chat rin m2 vin cén mét Iugng nhé mudi NaCl. CC. Sau burée 2 da tich durge hoan toan KCI ra khéi hén hop. D. Gia tr) m: = 249 gam, Cau 37, Tron m gam hin hop X chtta 79,20% (NH;)2HPO; véi m gam hén hop Y chita 75,75% KNOs, thu durge mot logi phan bén Z (cée chat edn Iai trong X, Y déu khng chita N, P va). Ham hrong dé dinh dung dam ¢6 trong phan bon Z la ‘A, 13,65. B. 29,25. C.9,45. D, 40,50. Cfiu 38. Uré la loai phan dam cé ham long dinh dudng cao nhat va duge sir dung phé bién nhat trén thé gidi do cé kha ning phat huy tic dung trén nhiéu loai dit khac nhau (ké ca dat nhiém phén) va déi véi nhiéu loai cfy trong khac nhau. Trong qua trinh bao quan, uré dé bi hat 4m va chuyén héa m6t phan thanh (NH:):COs. M@t logi phan uré chtta 95% (NH2)2CO, con Iai ld (NH4):COs. D6 dinh durdng eta loai phn nay la A. 44,33% B. 46,00% 45,79% D, 43,56% C4u 39, Mét loai phn bon NPK cé ti Ié dinh dung ghi trén bao bi la 20 — 20 — 15. Mai hecta dat trong cam, nguéi néng dan can cung cap 126kg N, 80kg P20s va 130kg K20. Nguai néng dan str dung déng théi phan bon NPK (20-20-15), phin kali (49 dinh duéng 60%) va ure (4 dinh duémg 46%). Biét gia thanh méi kg phn NPK, phin kali, phan ure lan luot 1a 14,000 VND, 18,000 VND va 20,000 VND. Téng sé tién ma ngudi néng dan cin mua phan cho mot hecta dit tring cam a A. 8,500,000 VND. B. 10,200,000 VND. C, 9,250,000 VND. D. 9,750,000 VND. ‘C4u 40. Bé sung nito va kali dé ting cuéng van chuyén dinh dudng vé nudi cit Li cling quan trong d6i véi qua trinh trong ca rdt. Ngudi ta uée tinh can bén vao dat cho mdi cay ca rét la 20 gam N va 80 gam K20. Mét khu vudn ¢6 dign tich x ha (1 ha = 10000m*) véi mat d6 trong Ia 1 cay/4m?. Dé bon vita dit dinh dudngcho khu vudn thi can ting 200 kg phan én bao gém phn NPK 15-530 va phan kali c6 d6 dinh durdng 30%. Gi tri ca x la A.06. B.0.. C.04. CuDAP AN CHI TIET Cau. Hung din gi: Theo théng tin tir bao bi thi phn NPK c6 %N = 16% %P:0s = 16% va %6K20 = 8%. my = 16%x + 46%y = 17,2 g. (6%x.31.2/142 =3,5 8. mx = 8%x.39.2/94 + 60%.7.39.2/94 =8.3 g. x= 50, y=20,2=10. xty+2=80. Huéng din ‘Dé thu hdi phye céy sau khi thu hoach 10 tan qua vai thi can cung cp: 1,84.100 = 184 kg nito. 0,62.100 = 62 kg photpho. 1,26.100 = 126 kg kali. mp20s = 20%.x = 62.142/62 kg > x = 710 kg my = 20%.x + 46%z = 184 kg > 2 = 91,3 ke mx20 = 60%.y + 15%.x = 126.94/78 kg > y = 75,6 kg x+y +z=8769. Chon D. Cau 3. Huéng din gi: imo = x kg. m phntal = ¥ kg val m phan wwe = 2 kg my = 100 = 16%x + 46%z16%x mg20 = 90 = 8%x + 60%y — x= 500; y = 83,33; 2= 43,48 xty +2627 kg Chon A. Cau 4. mesos Hwéng din gi ia phan NPK img v6i %! ‘Théng sé d6 dinh duéng. 2%, %P20s = 10, %K20 = 16. 1 tn = 1000 kg thi chita: my = 12%, 1000 = 120kg ; mp2os = 16%.1000 = 160 kg ; mxzo = 12%.1000 = 120 kg, ‘Theo bao to’in nguyén tb: nny = 2npaos = 2.160/142 = 2,2535 kmol —> mp= 69,86 kz ng = 2ngzo = 2.120/94 = 2,5532 kmol — mx = 99.57 kg — Téng khi cho dat la 120 + 69,86 + 99,57 = 289,43 kg. Chon D. caus. Jugng 3 nguyén té N, P, K cung Huéng din gi m phn hén hop = akg. m phan kali =b kg ‘m phan uré = ¢ kg my = 20%a + 46% = 150 mp20s = 20%a = 60 mxzo = 15% + 60%b = 110 — a= 300; b = 325/3; = 4500/23 ath te=604 kg Chon D. Chu 6. Hwéng din gi Dé bon cho 10000 m: dat trong thi nguéi néng dan can tron dong thoi phan NPK (x kg) voi dam uré (y kg) va phan kali (z kg) my = 125 = 20%x + 46%y mp = 20 = 20%x.31.2/142 = 15%x.39.2/94 + 60%z.39.2/94 229,03; y = 172,16; z = 123,51 > xty+z=524,97 kg ox‘Voi 83,7 kg thi bon duge cho 94,5.10000/524.97 = 1800 m? dat trong. Chon C. Cau 7. Hwéng din gi: Khéi long méi loai phan cin ding la NPK (x kg) véi dam superphotphat (y kg) va phan kali (zkg) my = 40 = 13%x mp = 45 = 31.2.13%x/142 + 31.2.17%y/142 mx = 66 = 39.2.13%x/94 + 60%7.39.2/94 = x= 307,69; y= 370,97; 2= 65,90 x+y +z=744,56 kg Chon A. Caius. Huéng din gi my = 16%, 100 = 46%x —+ x = 34,78 kg. mp20s = 166.100 = 40%y + y = 40 mao = 8%.100 = 60%z— z= 13,33 xty+z= 88,11 Chon C, Cau 9. Hung dan giai: ‘Dé bén cho 10000 m* dat trong thi ngudi néng din can tron dong thoi phan NPK (x kg) véi dam uré (y kg) va phan kali (z kg) my = 135,780 = 20%x + 46%y mp= 15,5 = 20%x.31.2/142 mx = 33,545 = 15%x.39,2/94 + 60%7.39.2/94 x= 1775; y= 218; 2=23 Sxtyt2=4185 kg V6i 83,7 kg thi bén dugc cho 83,7.10000/418.5 = 2000 m? dat tring. Chon A. Chu 10, Hwéng din gi: ‘my= 60,08 = 188.16% + 98,5%x.28/60 — x = 65,265. imp= 23,13 = 188.16%.31.2/142 + 69,62%y.31.2/234, — y= 54,192, > x+y= 119,457.Chon D. Cau 11. Hwéng dan gi Khéi lugng mii loai phan cin ding la NPK (x kg) vi kali KCI (y kg) va phfin ure (z kg) mn 6%X + 46%z mp=32=31.2.16%x/142 mg = 153 = 39,2.32%x/94 + 39.2.60%y/94 + x= 458,06; y= 63,01; 2= 14,59 xty+2= 535,63 kg ‘Chon A. Cau 12. Hwéng dan gi Ly 100 gam phan, gm Ca(NOs)2 (a mol), KH2POs (b mol) va KNOs (¢ mol) va cde tap chat. my=2at+e 100.10%/14 100.15%/94 np = b = 2.100.20%/142 — a= 0,3384; b = 0,2817; ¢ = 0,0375 %KH2POs = 1366/10 = 38,3112% Chon D. Cau 13. ng=b+e Huéng din giai Lay 100 gam phan, trong dé c6 Ca(NOs)2 (x mol), KH2POs (y mol), KNOs (z mol gam) va tap chat. = 14x +2) mrzos = 20 = 142 mgzo = 15 = 94(y + 2)/2 + x= 0,268; y= 0,141; 2 = 0,178 rath = 164x + 136y = 63,128 Chon B. Cu 14. Hwéng din gi: ‘m phan NPK = x; m phan kali = y va m phan ure =z 9+ 22,3 = 20%x + 46% mp = 6,2 + 3,72 = 20%x.2.31/142 mg = 14,04 + 10,14 = 15%x.2.39/94 + 60%y.2.39/94m phin hén hop NPK =a kg m phan kali =b kg m phan uré = ¢ kg my = 20%a + 46% = 150 mp = 20%a,2.31/142 = 26 5%a.2.39/94 + 60%b.2.39/94 + a= 297,74; b= 108,34; ¢ = 196,63 Satb+c= 602.71 kg Vay | hecta dat trong ng6 can 602,71 kg phan bon. — 10 hecta dat can 6027,1 kg phan bon. Chon A. Chu 16, Huéng din gid ‘Ce chi sé tir loai phan bén NPK trén la cdc chi s6 dinh dudng durge tinh bing %N = 20%, %P20s = 20% va %K20 = 15% ‘Dat m phan hn hop NPK =a kg, m phan kali = b kg va m phan uré my = 20%a + 46% = 70 10%a = 35,5 =ekg mx20 = 15%a + 60%b = 30 a=177,5; b= 5,625; ¢=75 Vay a+b +e= 258,125 kg. Chon C. Chu 17, Huéng din gi: Ty chon my = 4 kg, mpos = 12 kg, mx20 = 7 kg. Khdi lurgng timg loai phan edn ding 1a: ~ Khdi long (NH,)2SO4= 4.132/28 = 18,875 kg. ~ Khdi lrgng Ca(HsPOs) = 12.234/142 = 19,775 kg. ~ Khdi luong KCl = 7,74,5.2/94 = 11,096 kg. Vay ti 1é 3 loai phan dé la: 18,875 : 19,775 : 11,296 = 1,7: 1,78: 1Chon A. Cau 18. Ta dat: m phan hén hop NPK =a kg m phan kali =b ke m phan uré =c kg my = 20%a + 46%c = 150 mp20s = 20%a = 60 mx20 = 15%a + 60%b = 110 — a= 300; b = 325/3; ¢ = 4500/23. ‘Tong sé tién ma ngudi néng dan cin mua phan cho mét hecta hoa mau la: 300. 14,000 + 325/3.18,000 + 4500/23.20,000 = 10,063,043 VND. Chon A. ‘Ciu 19, Huéng din gi Khdi lugng 3 loai phan can ding I amoni sunfat (x kg), superphotphat (y kg) va kali clorua (zkg). my = 21%x = 10 + x= 47,62 kg. mp20s = 20%y = 6 —+ y = 30 kg. mxzo = 60%z = 10 + z= 16,67 kg. —> m phu gia = 100 ~ (47,62 + 30 + 16,67) = 5,71 kg. Chon D. Cau 20. Hwéng din giai. ‘at sé mol cae mudi Lin lugt la: (NH4)2SOs (x mol), Ca(H2PO,)> (y mol) va KCI (z mol) img véi khdi lugng N, P:0s va K20 lan luot 1a 12 kg, 5 kg va 8 kg, my= 12 = 14.2a > a= 0,4286 mol mp20s, 142b — b = 0,0352 mol. mx20 = 8 = 94.0,5¢ — ¢ = 0,1702 mol. — x = 100 —(132a + 234b + 74,5c) = 22,5 kg. Chon A. ‘Cau 21. Hwéng dan gi Phan bén dinh cho 1 cdy: 200 gam NPK +x gam dam 25% + y gam kali 30%. my = 200.15% + 25% = 40 > x = 40 gam.mx20 = 200.25% + 30%y = 65 — y = 50 gam. 86 cay trong 0,5 hecta la 0,5.10000/4 = 1250 cay. Vay | hecta dat trdng ngé can 602,71 kg phan bén. — ml + m2 = 1250(x + y) = 112500 gam = 112.5 kg. Chon A. Cau 22, Huéng din giai, Lay 100 gam phan, gm Ca(NOs)2 (a mol), KH2PO« (b mol) va KNOs (¢ mol) va céc tap chat. ny=2a+e= 100.10%/14 ng =b + ¢=2.100,15%/94 2.100.20%/142 + a=0,3384; b= 0,2817; = 0,0375 %Ca(NOs)2 = 164a/100 = 55,4976% Chon C. Chu 23. Hwéng din giai Theo théng tin tir bao bi thi phiin NPK c6 %N = 20% %P20s = 20% vi %K20 = 15%. mn = 20%x = 16,2 g, mp = 20%x.31.2/142 + 30%y.31.2/142 = 206 g, mx = 18%x.39,2/94 + 50%,2.39.2/94 = 13,3 g, Hwéng din giai: Dé thu hdi phuc cdy sau khi thu hoach 20 tan qua budi thi c&n cung ep’ 7.20 = 140 kg nite. 5.20 = 80 kg photpho. 2.20 = 40 kg kali mxzo = 8%.x = 40.94/78 kg — y = 602,56 kg mp2os = 16%.x + 25%y = 80.142/62 kg x my = 16%.x + 46%z = 140 kg > 2 = 94,76 kg 044,58. ‘Vay tong lugng phan bén da ding Ién hon 1000 kg. Chon D. 347,26 kg SxtytzCau 25. Huéng din gi mex = x kg, m poantati= y kg vam pin ure =z kg my = 150 = 20%x + 46%z = 20%x mx20 = 120 = 15%x + 60%y x= 350; y= 112,5; 2= 173,91 xty +2 = 636 kg Chon A. Chu 26, Huéng din gi ‘Thong s6 a6 dinh dutmg cia phin NPK tmg v6i %N = 2%, %4P:0s = 15%, %K20 = 2%. 1 tan phan NPK thi chita: 10 kg ; mo2os = 15%.1000 = 150 kg ; mx20 = 2%.1000 = 20 kg 1 tin phan uré thi chita 46%, 1000 = 460 kg N 1 tin phn kali thi chita 60%.200 = 120 kg K20 sung cfip cho dat la: Vay sé khdi lugng timg nguyén 10 + 460 = 480 ke 150.31.2/142 = 67,61 kg nx = 2,39,(20 + 120)/94 = 116,17 kg, — Téng khéi lwgng 3 nguyén té N, P, K cung cp cho dat la 480 + 67,61 + 116,17 = 663,78 kg. Chon D. ‘Cfiu 27. Huéng din giai: m phan hén hop =a kg kg im phan ki m phan photphat my = 20%a = 100 mp2os = 20%a + 20%c = 120 mx20 = 15%a + 60%b = 150 — a= 500; b= 125; ¢= 100 Satbtc=725kg Chon D. Cau 28, kg¥6n cho 2000 m? dat tréng thi nguéi néng dan cdn trn déng thoi phan NPK (x kg) véi dam uré (y kg) va phan kali (z kg) my = 100 = 20%x + 46%y 20%x.31.2/142 = 15%x.39.2/94 + 60%z,39.2/94 x= 171,77; y= 142,71; 2= 17,31 xty+2=331,79 kg V6i 300 kg thi bén durge cho 300.2000/331,79 = 1808,37 ~ 1800 m? dat tring. Chon C. Cau 29, Hwéng dan giai Khéi hugng mai loai phn can dimg la NPK (x kg) voi dam superphotphat (y kg) va phan kali (kg) my = = 13%x 100 = 31.2.13%x/142 + 31.2.17%y/142 mx = 120 = 39.2.13%x/94 + 60%z.39.2/94 — x= 615,38: y = 876,66; z = 107,69 xty+z= 1599.73 ke Chon A. Cau 30, mp Hung din giai: 20%. 100 = 46%x — x = 43,48 kg 0%.100 = 40%y 50, mx20 = 15%.100 = 60%z — z= 25 xty+z= 118,48 Chon C. Cau 31 Khéi long mii loai phan cin ding la NPK (x kg) véi kali KCl (y kg) va phan ure (z kg) my = 60 = 16%x + 46%2 mp = 16 = 31.2.16%x/142 mx = 92 = 39.2.8%N/94 + 39.2,60%y/94 — x= 229,03; y= 154,25; z= 50,77 x+y +7=434,05 kg Chon A. Chu 32,Huéng din giai. ‘m phan NPI my = 25/0,4 = 20%x + 46% mp = 4/0,4 = 20%x.2.31/142 210,4 = 15%x.2.39/94 + 60%y.2.39/94 + x= 114,52; y = 31,63; 2 = 86,08 xty+2= 232.23 Chon C. Chu 33. x; m phan kali = y va m phan ure =z Hwéng din giai. Céc chi s6 tit loai phan bon NPK trén la cae chi s6 dinh duémg duge tinh bang %N = 20%, %P20s = 20% vi %K20 = 15% at m phan hén hop NPK ~ a kg, m phan photphat = b kg va m phan uré =e kg mxzo = 15%a=35 a= 233,33; b = 66,67; ¢= 72,46 Vay a+ b+ ¢=372,46 kg Chon C. Cau 34, Huéng din giai Tu chon my = 9 kg, mpzos = 8 kg, mx20 = 16 kg. Khéi hrgng timg logi phan can diing la: = Khéi luong (NH;)2SOs = 9.132/28 = 42,43 kg. Iugng Ca(H2POs) = 8.234/142 = 13,18 kg. - Khéi lugng KCI = 16.74,5.2/94 = 25,36 kg. Vay ti 1é 3 loai phan dé la: 42,43 : 13,18 : 25,36 = 3,2: Chon A. ‘Cau 35. 1,92. Huwéng din gi PTHH : Cax(PO.)2 > 2H3PO, ‘ewxro4y2 =5299.0,78:310=13,33 mol + ninros = 13,33.0,75.2,0,005 = 0,1 mol (Cée phuong trinh e6 thé xay ra la HaPO4 + 3NaOH —+ NaPOs + 3H20 HPO, + 2NaOH —+ Naz HPO, + 2H20 HPO, + NaOH — NaH2PO: + 20chat rn chi c6 mudi Lurong mudi tao ra t6i da khi tao thinh NasPOs — mxa:01 = 0,1.164 = 16,4 < 17,2 edn dur NaOH — chi tgo mudi NasPOs: 0,1 mol va con du NaOH : 0,8g hay 0,02 mol Bao toan nguyén té Na c6 0,1.3 + 0,02 = nyson = 0,32 = 0,1x > x = 3,2M Chon B. Ciu 36. Huéng din gi Bude 1: 1000 gam H:0 6 100°C héa tan durge 391 gam NaCl va 566 gam KCl. Bue 2: 1000 gam H20 6 0°C héa tan durge 356 gam NaCl va 285 gam KCL — m gam rin gém: mNaCl = 391 ~356=35 mKCl = 566-285 = 281 — my =35 +281 =316 +A sai Bude 3: 100 gam H20 10°C hda tan duge 35,7 gam NaCl va 32 gam KC myuci chi c6 35 gam, vay NaCI da tan hét + B sai — m gam chat rin = mxci = 281 - 32= 249 > D dung C sai, khéng tach duge ton b6 KCI ban dau ra khdi quing. Chon D. Cau 37, Huéng din giai: Goi m= 100kg = Khéi lugng (NH4)2HPOs li 79,20 kg — S6 mol (NH«):HPOs la 0,6 mol. — Khdi lugng (KNOs la 75,75 kg — S6 mol KNOs la 0,75 mol. Téng s6 mol N la: 0,6.2 + 0,75 = 1,95 mol. ‘Téng khéi lugng phan bén ki 200kg, — Dé dinh dung dam trong phan 18: %N = 1,95.14/200,100% = 13,65% Chon A. Chu 38, Tinh trong 100 gam phan dam. mexnaco = 95gam; mexiig2cos = — mN = (95/60 + 5/96).28 ~ 45,79 gam + %N = 45,79/100.100% = 45,79%, Chon C, Chu 39.Huéng din giai. Ta dat: m phan hén hop NPK =a kg m phan kali =b kg m phan uré =c kg my = 20%a + 46% = 126 mp2os = 20%a = 80 mx20 = 15%a + 60%b = 130 — a= 400; b= 150; ¢ = 100. ‘Téng sé tién ma ngudi néng dan cin mua phan cho mét hecta hoa mau la: 400.14,000 + 150.18,000 + 100,20,000 = 8,500,000 VND. Chon A. Cau 40, Huéng din giai. Goi khéi long phan NPK Lia kg va phan kali la b kg. Ta co: a+b=100 @ Khdi lrgng K20 can cung cap gap 4 lan luong N nén 4.15%a = 30%a + 30%D 2) — Tir (1) va (2) suy ra a = 50 kg va b= 50 kg. 15%a =30 kg Vay sé edly cé trong vudn 1d 30.1000/20 = 1500 cay. — x = 1500.4 = 6000 m? = 0.6 ha. Chon A. —--HET-