Research Paper on Applications of Cell and Molecular Biology

General Instructions:

Do a research on the following different technologies generated in CLSU and nearby

institutions in the Science City of Munoz. Discuss the technology and emphasize the basic
concepts in Cell and Molecular Biology adapted and applied.

(One page or more per technology please. You may use diagrams to understand better your
discussions of the concepts. Please write the lit cited. )

1. Test tube Carabaos (IVF) of Philippine Carabao Center

2. YY Tilapia of Freshwater Aquaculture Center
3. Golden Rice of PhilRice ( developed by AAlfonso, BS BIO CLSU alumnus)
4. Rapid diagnostic test kits with its brand name ANDALI (developed by Dr. Clarissa
Domingo, VETMED Faculty)
 Test tube Carabaos (IVF) of Philippine Carabao Center

The birth of the world's first twin test tube buffalo using embryonic technology was
celebrated by Philippine livestock scientists at the Philippine Carabao Center in the science city
of Muoz, Nueva Ecija (ET) on January 16th last year. "The birth of twin calves by ET is the first
in the world," said Agriculture Minister Luis Lorenzo Jr. after hearing the good news. "It
appears like a gentle breeze when other parts of Asia and the United States are suffering from
livestock problems such as bird flu, mad cow disease, cholera pigs and other serious animal
diseases."

According to PCC Executive Director Libertado Cruz, both twin calves were born two
hours apart on the first Friday, the first calf weighed 50 pounds around 5 am and the second calf
weighed 7 am. It was about 60 pounds.

They were developed by the PCC research group led by Danilda Hufana Duran,
Prudencio Pedro, and Rogelio Hufana. They have developed a descriptive tube and freezing
technique or an embryonic technique also known as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and vitrification.
This is the same artificial breeding method used in at least 200 female buffaloes in the
country, and since 2002, nine more ET calves have been born. This is now 21 months and
begins with Glory, named after President Arroyo. On her birthday
April. According to Durand, the twin mothers are detained in the PCC Nationsal Gene.
The pool that received the embryos by embryo transfer on March 21, 2003.
She explained that in vitro fertilization would be performed at the Carabao Center to see
if embryos produced from in vitro and freezing techniques were viable and if the calves
produced were healthy. After proving this in a single birth, Durand argued that the birth of twins
made it scientifically possible to improve twins by transferring multiple embryos to a single
recipient animal.

In vitro fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology that combines male sperm and
female eggs from outside the body in a laboratory dish. One or more fertilized embryos
(embryos) can be transferred to the female uterus, where they are transplanted and developed
into the lining of the uterus. Freeze (freeze) excess embryos for future use. IVF was first used to
help women with blocked, damaged, or lost fallopian tubes. IVF is currently used to address a
variety of infertility problems, including endometriosis, male factors, and unexplained infertility.
REFERENCE: RP carabao center breeds world's 1st twin test-tube buffaloes using ET |
Philstar.com
YY Tilapia of Freshwater Aquaculture Center

Generating all male XY populations of Nile tilapia from YY males was the most effective
sexual reproduction and reproduction effort that had the greatest economic impact on tilapia
reproduction. In 2001, dr biologist Graham Mair stated that male YY technology provides a
stable and reliable answer to the major and systematic concerns of precocious, unwanted
breeding and overstocking in tilapia farming. Mixed tilapia populations are mainly used in
fishing activities and limited basic aquaculture in countries such as Mexico and Ghana. Male
tilapia offspring grow rapidly and are larger in size than female tilapia offspring. Artificial
gender, recombination, hormonal reversal, or YY male tilapia techniques have all been used to
create male tilapia. Only hormonal reversals have been established internationally, and all of
these methods have advantages and disadvantages in their application. Genetic sexual
manipulation is central to YY male tilapia technology. This is achieved by combining increased
proportions and analysis of offspring to find a unique YY genotype that produces only natural
male offspring of XY or tilapia of natural males. In addition, the action of multiple autosomal
sex-modifying genes can lead to the occasional female / male appearance. Feminization of the
YY genotype is an important step in the large-scale development of YY technology as it enables
the generation of YY males without the need for time-consuming progeny evaluation.

REFERENCE: Potential of YY male tilapia technology - Responsible Seafood Advocate

Golden Rice of PhilRice ( developed by AAlfonso, BS BIO CLSU alumnus)

Research topics include nutritional improvement of rice (especially beta-carotene-

enriched rice or golden rice), and improved resistance to traditional breeding, widespread
mating, induced mutations, genetic engineering to drought, pests and diseases. .. The Philippines
is one of many Asian countries that use rice. For refreshment, Filipinos eat everything with rice.
In the Philippines, rice makes up more than 40% of the population. It lacks micronutrients like
vitamin A, but is an excellent source of carbohydrates as a staple food. This contributes to the
global problem of food insecurity or micronutrient malnutrition affecting 2 billion people.
During pregnancy, childbirth, infancy, and childhood, hidden hunger can lead to more frequent
and more serious illnesses and consequences. Rice is very commonly grown and consumed, so
increasing its nutritional value is the best way to get more nutrients. Rice is very commonly
grown and consumed, so increasing the composition of nutrients is the best way to get more
nutrients.

Golden rice is an innovative rice variety whose grains contain significant amounts of beta-
carotene and can provide at least 30% of the estimated average vitamin A requirement as a
staple food. Beta-carotene in orange fruits and vegetables is converted to vitamin A in the body
as needed.

REFERENCE: Antonio Alfonso, Ph.D. - Regulatory Program Leader for Biotech Cultivation,
Gene Editing, SAT and Biologicals - Corteva Agriscience | LinkedIn

Rapid diagnostic test kits with its brand name ANDALI (developed by Dr. Clarissa
Domingo, VETMED Faculty)

The Andali Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit is designed to detect the presence of African swine
fever virus (ASF), classical swine fever virus (CSF), classical swine fever / respiratory disorder
syndrome virus (PRRS), and classical swine fever (PED) in a timely manner. Increase. A cost-
effective method. For example, the ASFv Nanogold Biosensor Test Kit stains amplification
products using a mixture of loop-modulated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers that target
the P72 gene involved in viral attachment of ASF viruses and gold nanoparticles. .. All inanimate
surface swabs found on farms and transport vehicles, farm water supplies, infected human body
fluids (blood and saliva / oropharynx) and feces, raw, processed and canned pork products can
be used to detect ASF. .. The ASFV Nanogold biosensor features an integrated DNA extraction
method containing Nanogold premixes and gold dyes for amplification products in addition to
extraction chemicals. Second, a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification
(RTLAMP) test kit for identifying CSF virus (or classical swine fever) and PRRS virus is
available in dry form. It is a revolutionary twist on traditional wet formats as it eliminates the
need for refrigerated storage (dry ice or freezer) and allows reagents to be transported anytime,
anywhere without fear of reagent deterioration. Dried RTLAMP can distinguish sick animals
from vaccinated animals or DIVA. As a result, RTLAMP with DIVA is a better diagnostic test
than RTPCR and cannot distinguish between the vaccine retroviral virus used in industrial
vaccines and infectious field strains. The test kit is a complete package that includes reagent and
dye RNA extraction techniques and the RTLAMP premix. The RTLAMP reaction can be
stopped within 30 minutes at 60 ° C after extracting RNA from the sample.

REFERENCE: Andali™ Rapid Test Kits for Swine - Los Banos Science Community Foundation
Incorporated